and technologically disadvantaged farmers living in remote villages who depend on contaminated ground water or local rivers for their daily water needs.
when African cultivated rice (O. glaberrima) was bred from the African wild species O. barthii in the Niger river delta.
The new species was collected in a narrow river valley dominated by mountain sainfoin (Onobrychis cornuta) wild almond (Prunus amygdalus) scoparia) and downy brome (Bromus tectorum.
#Snakes devour more mosquito-eating birds as climate change heats forestsmany birds feed on mosquitoes that spread the West Nile virus a disease that killed 286 people in the United states in 2012 according to the Centers
and Lyla Hunt master's student in biology Riverside Calif. The Grassland Community Collaborative Oversight Committee of the National Wind Coordinating Collaborative oversaw the research project.
The researchers used next generation sequencing technology RNA sequencing to reveal in exquisite detail the blueprint for making milk in the human mammary gland according to Laurie Nommsen-Rivers Phd RD IBCLC a scientist
Nommsen-Rivers'previous research had shown that for mothers with markers of sub-optimal glucose metabolism such as being overweight being advanced at an maternal age
and carbohydrates for nourishing the newborn baby says Dr. Nommsen-Rivers. Considering that 20 percent of women between 20 and 44 are prediabetic it's conceivable that up to 20 percent of new mothers in the United states are at risk for low milk supply due to insulin dysregulation.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and her colleagues were able to use a noninvasive method to capture mammary gland RNA--a chain of molecules that are blueprints for making specified proteins--in samples of human breast milk.
While a drug is not an ideal way to solve the problem of sub-optimal glucose metabolism impairing breastfeeding according to Dr. Nommsen-Rivers it is excellent for establishing proof-of-concept through the use of a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers began her quest to understand why so many U s. mothers today struggle with low milk supply
The researchers used next generation sequencing technology RNA sequencing to reveal in exquisite detail the blueprint for making milk in the human mammary gland according to Laurie Nommsen-Rivers Phd RD IBCLC a scientist
Nommsen-Rivers'previous research had shown that for mothers with markers of sub-optimal glucose metabolism such as being overweight being advanced at an maternal age
and carbohydrates for nourishing the newborn baby says Dr. Nommsen-Rivers. Considering that 20 percent of women between 20 and 44 are prediabetic it's conceivable that up to 20 percent of new mothers in the United states are at risk for low milk supply due to insulin dysregulation.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and her colleagues were able to use a noninvasive method to capture mammary gland RNA--a chain of molecules that are blueprints for making specified proteins--in samples of human breast milk.
While a drug is not an ideal way to solve the problem of sub-optimal glucose metabolism impairing breastfeeding according to Dr. Nommsen-Rivers it is excellent for establishing proof-of-concept through the use of a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers began her quest to understand why so many U s. mothers today struggle with low milk supply
They focused on the Yahara River watershed which covers much of central portion of Dane County
and Management was done in a portion of the Metolius River watershed in the eastern Cascade range of Oregon
#Aerial mosquito spraying study finds no immediate public health risksin what researchers say is the first public health study of the aerial mosquito spraying method to prevent West Nile virus a UC Davis study analyzed emergency
which will likely magnify the incidence West Nile virus and the risks of human transmission.
Unfortunately West Nile virus is endemic in California and the United states and the controversy of mosquito management will likely arise every summer said Estella Geraghty associate professor of clinical internal medicine at UC Davis
West Nile virus has become an increasingly serious problem throughout the United states and may become more of a threat as the climate warms.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention West Nile virus is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the United states. The virus is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of an infected mosquito.
In California around the time of the study#2004 and 2005#hundreds of people were sickened by West Nile virus
and the killing of larval and adult mosquitoes#are used all in California to control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile virus
The article is titled Correlation between aerial insecticide spraying to interrupt West Nile virus transmission and emergency department visits in Sacramento County California.
The new species was collected in a wide river valley near mountain mixed forests dominated by various conifer trees bushes and rhododendron.
We also took into consideration major natural barriers such as the Great lakes in North america and the Amazon river in South america.
and Australia are responsible for reducing the regional diversity of invertebrates in streams and rivers by up to 42 percent researchers report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Illinois has a lot of land that is subpar for corn and soybeans such as the southern part of state and northern parts of the state along rivers.
From a base in Fairbanks Alaska the C-23 flies up to eight hours a day to sites on Alaska's North Slope interior and Yukon river Valley over tundra permafrost boreal
By 3000 BCE the Nile Delta was being planted with vines by Canaanite viniculturalists. As the earliest merchant seafarers the Canaanites were also able to take the wine culture out across the Mediterranean sea.
When a breed population falls to about 1000 animals it is considered rare and endangered. Causes of genetic erosion in domestic animals are the lack of appreciation of the value of indigenous breeds
Rivers of wildebeests zebra and Thompson's gazelles--more than 2 million all told--cross the landscape in one of the largest animal migrations on the planet.
Current archaeological thinking is that it was the advent of rice cultivation along the Lower Yangtze river that marked the beginning of agriculture in southern China.
#Zeal to ensure clean leafy greens takes bite out of riverside habitat in Californiameticulous attention to food safety is a good thing.
These buyers insist that swathes of bare ground wider than a football field is long separate the leafy greens from rivers wetlands and other wildlife habitat.
and riverside habitat in the Salinas Valley between 2005 and 2009 finding 13.3 percent converted to bare ground crops or otherwise diminished.
Fallow strips along streams and rivers provide corridors for migrating animals and birds. This is an area that is already 95 percent altered--the habitat that remains is said critical Gennet.
The Salinas River and its tributaries are an important rest stop on the Pacific Flyway a major migration route for neotropical songbirds and home to raptors and shorebirds.
An overabundance of fertilizer has created problems for domestic drinking water as well as the ecosystems of the Salinas River watershed and its outlet Monterey Bay.
--so to the extent that riverside wildlife habitat could be a benefit all around a coordinated approach to agricultural management
's research uniquely demonstrates that the effects of glades cascade to a far broader swath of the savanna's plant and animal inhabitants.
In areas with similar climate and soils then there is potential for reducing the likelihood of flood generation based on increased soil water storage within a river's catchment.
#Deep, permeable soils buffer impacts of crop fertilizer on Amazon streamsthe often damaging impacts of intensive agriculture on nearby streams rivers
and rivers leading to over-fertilization and low-oxygen conditions that endanger fish and other aquatic life.
But in the bigger rivers we see a cumulative impact of all the extra water from those small streams piling up
When larger rivers have to handle that extra water caused by deforestation they change geomorphically;
Those are also rivers that people use for water supplies fishing and transportation. Finally the study showed that the agricultural streams were warmer than the forested streams caused both by a reduction in bordering forest
Our idea is to use an enzyme cascade to break up the bonds in cellulose enabling their reconfiguration as starch.
#oethe oxygen disappears as a result of fertilizer that washes off farm fields in the Midwest into the Mississippi river.
and phosphorous fertilizers that wash down the Mississippi river and the Atchafalaya River today than it was in the past.
Concentrations of fertilizer that caused a relatively small amount of oxygen depletion now are having a more profound effect.
Each year I bring my intent to continue to work for water quality in the Mississippi river watershed and its coastal ocean.
but surprisingly short for a drop of water from the Gulf of mexico to be transported inland and then flow with other droplets down the river to the ocean.
This paper also describes research at Clear Creek watershed (270 km2) a tributary of the Iowa River in eastern Iowa to create an environmental observing facility
of wetlands across the greater Amazon river basin including Pacaya-Samiria National park in Peru. Pacaya-Samiria contains large expanses of flooded palm swamps Mcdonald said.
The effects of acid rain can propagate through aquatic ecosystems such as lakes rivers and wetlands and terrestrial ecosystems including forests
and Puerto rico underscores the value of long-term data in understanding the patterns and causes of water quality changes in streams and rivers.
and Egypt's Nile Delta are danger zones where bird flu could combine with human flu to create a virulent kind of super-flu.
The study sites are located in the traditional homeland of the Tolowa people in the Smith River basin and vicinity of northwestern California.
Farmers use various water sources in the production of fresh fruits and vegetables including well water and different types of surface water such as river water or lake water--sources
The specific name of the species refers to the type locality the town Kei Mouth located at the estuary of the Great Kei River in the Eastern cape Province.
and Pacific Northwest research stations universities and Region 5 Ecology Program recently released a synthesis of relevant science that will help inform forest managers as they revise plans for the national forests in the Sierra nevada and southern Cascades of California.
and southern Cascades said Malcolm North a PSW research forest ecologist who worked on the report.
and therefore early rapid and robust detective methods are required especially presymptomatic diagnosis. The study's author Dr Hailing Jin of The University of California Riverside explains srnas are important gene expression modulators some
Although willow is a familiar inhabitant of wet soil it was not among the trees studied in the Sebangau River catchment in Borneo.
His study of the Haihe River in China funded by the Chinese government and published last year found tetracycline resistance genes are common in the environment there as well.
We tested water and river sediment and couldn't find a sample that didn't have said them he Our philosophy in environmental engineering is that an ounce of prevention is worth more than a pound of remediation Alvarez said.
Dr Helen Wickstead spotted an opportunity to delve below the surface of an area of land at the University's Seething Wells hall of residence after looking at historic maps and images of the area alongside the River Thames.
I expect it came from the river at some point and was caught up in the gravel used in the filter beds.
A team of researchers at the University of California Riverside focused on Phytophthora the pathogen that triggered The irish Famine of the 19th century
Ma was joined in the study by UC Riverside's Yongli Qiao Lin Liu Cristina Flores James Wong Jinxia Shi Xianbing Wang Xigang Liu Qijun Xiang
The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Riverside. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Astonishing ten new species of semiaquatic freshwater earthworms revealedthe semiaquatic earthworms in the genus Glyphidrilus are somewhat unfamiliar species that live between the terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems of rivers streams canals
In Thailand the species demonstrate astonishing biodiversity due to the monsoon climate contributing to drastic river system changes and a large variety of microhabitats.
The animals orient themselves vertically with their bodies in the wet soil along the banks
River lake and wetland ecosystems--encompassing approximately one-fifth of the Amazon basin area--are being degraded increasingly by deforestation pollution construction of dams
The Madeira river basin for example is threatened by oil exploration deforestation and dams in its headwaters even though protected areas cover 26%of the catchment area.
By building upon existing protected areas it is possible to develop a river catchment-based conservation framework that protects both aquatic
and terrestrial ecosystems effectively protecting the Amazon river-forest system. The Amazon watershed spans six countries with Brazil Bolivia and Peru accounting for most of the area.
#West Nile virus spreading due to mosquitoes in orchards and vineyards, experts warnwashington State university researchers have linked orchards
and vineyards with a greater prevalence of West Nile virus in mosquitoes and the insects'ability to spread the virus to birds horses and people.
Since it was seen first in New york in 1999 West Nile virus has reached across the country and shown few signs of abating.
Crowder working with fellow entomologist Jeb Owen other WSU colleagues and the State department of Health merged data from a variety of sources including West Nile infections in humans horses
and American robins abundance of mosquitoes and the actual prevalence of West Nile in mosquitoes--are increasing in landscapes with a higher proportion of land in orchard habitats.
The forest-dwelling fisher (Martes pennanti) once lived throughout most of the mountains in northern California and the Sierra nevada and in the Rocky mountains Cascades and Coast ranges.
Runoff to the Colorado river increases by 28 percent and the Four Corners region experiences a 56 percent boost in runoff.
If we stop irrigating in the Valley we'll see a decrease in stream flow in the Colorado river basin said climate hydrologist Jay Famiglietti senior author on the paper which will be published online Jan 29 in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
The cascade of ecological cause and effect is described by Tyler Coverdale and colleagues at Brown University in a paper published online this month in ESA's journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
Without it soft banks erode out from under the other plants and the water line retreats farther and farther back into the marsh.
or river flow but lack investments in agricultural technologies that would enhance productivity. For this reason he said foreign corporations see in them strong potential for high-profit investments
At one site sampled over time the Tuichi River camera trapping has revealed that lowland tapir populations have been recovering following the creation of Madidi National park in 1995.
But more importantly we suspect that the strong effects of icing on the overwintering vertebrate community have the potential to indirectly influence other species and cascade throughout the food web.
Leopard range has extended historically through most of Sub-saharan africa along parts of the North African coast through central south and Southeast asia and north to the Amur river valley in Russia.
In waterways adjacent to healthy pine forests concentrations of nitrate is generally far lower than in rivers on the plains in the West like the South platte said Lewis. Nitrate pollution is caused by agricultural runoff from populated areas and by permitted
The native Carolina Willow is also starting to strangle portions of the St johns river. Biologists at the University of Central Florida recently completed a study that shows this slender tree once used by Native americans for medicinal purposes may be thriving because of water-management projects initiated in the 1950s.
and Dianne Hall scientists from the St johns river Water Management District to run experiments that found ways to control the willow
which is taking over marshes in the upper St johns river basin UCF students helped plant hundreds of willow seedlings
and saplings onto small islands built for the project by the St johns river Water Management District's staff.
and saplings planted on the pond banks grew poorly when the biologists raised the water level
and continue enjoying recreational activities in the river Fauth said. The study may also aid other countries fighting the Carolina willow including Australia
former UCF biology student Luz M. Castro Morales and Ken Snyder of the St johns river Water Management District.
It serves a buffer for river flow into the ocean. It's really the engineer of its ecosystem.
In addition the chemical later turned out to improve the body's heat-shock response--a cascade of events used to protect cells from the stress caused by high temperatures including those experienced
#Designing rivers: Environmental flows for ecosystem services in rivers natural and novellast spring the Colorado river reached its delta for the first time in 16 years flowing into Pacific ocean at the Gulf of california after wetting 70 miles of long-dry channels through the Sonoran Desert.
The planned 8-week burst of water from Mexico's Morelos Dam on the Arizona-Mexico border was the culmination of years of diplomatic negotiations between the United states and Mexico and campaigning from scientists and conservation organizations.
Environmental flows for natural hybrid and novel riverine ecosystems in a changing worldthere are two primary ways to achieve environmental flows of water necessary to sustain river ecosystems write Mike Acreman
or reverse alterations to the natural flow of the river. For rivers like the Colorado already much altered and bearing heavy demands from many different user groups a designer approach is more practical than attempting to return the river closer to its natural pre-development state say the authors.
Designers work to create a functional ecosystem or support ecosystem services under current conditions rather than recreate a historical ecosystem.
and other life inhabiting the river its banks and its marshes. Managers must plan to turn on the taps
Rebirth of the Elwha Riverfor rivers with fewer economic and social demands restoration guided by historical records of the natural dynamics of the river can be an effective restoration strategy say Acreman and colleagues.
and get the maximum value from ecosystem services river systems need to fluctuate in natural rhythms of volume velocity
and timing (to put it very simplistically At the end of the twentieth century Washington state decided that the water of the Elwha River would be most valuable flowing freely through Olympic national park to the Pacific at the Strait of Juan de Fuca supporting salmon trout clams and tourism.
Habitat and eroded coastline are recovering at an astonishing pace only one year after the demolition of two dams freed the river as Noreen Parks reports for her news story Rebirth of the Elwha River in ESA Frontier
Rivers of the Anthropocene? Outside protected wilderness the Elwha's story may be more of an anomaly than a blueprint for future river restoration projects.
As nonnative species land development and climate change remodel river ecosystems it is no longer easy to define what is natural for river systems.
But heavily used regulated and altered rivers have ecological value. The future of freshwater biodiversity is linked inextricably to land
and water infrastructure management writes N Leroy Poff of Colorado State university in his guest editorial for ESA Frontiers in
whether rivers have changed so much that we need to rethink some of our conceptions about restoration.
and rivers and 50 per cent of its groundwater supplies are contaminated. Manufacturing--including food processing paper production
In 2006 after witnessing multiple episodes where harmless spiders were mistaken for toxic ones Richard Vetter an arachnologist at the University of California Riverside asked other arachnologists
They will earn the migration route by following the ultralight from White river Marsh in Wisconsin to the Gulf Coast of Florida.
#Tree rings used to determine history of geological features, arroyosa new GSA Bulletin study uses tree rings to document arroyo evolution along the lower Rio Puerco and Chaco
By determining burial dates in tree rings from salt cedar and willow investigators were able to precisely date arroyo sedimentary beds 30 cm thick or greater.
and repeat surveys to reconstruct the history of these arroyos. Arroyos are oversized deep channels that have vertical
or steeply cut walls made up of silt clay or sand. Because of this makeup arroyo systems are inherently unstable shifting at the century to millennial scale between broad floodplains and incised high-walled channels in
which floods have a high stream power that causes more rapid erosion. Study authors Jonathan Friedman of the U s. Geological Survey and colleagues note that
Along both rivers erosion occurred until the 1930s in association with extremely high flows. Subsequent infilling was caused by vegetation growth channel narrowing increased sinuosity and vertical accumulation of sediments.
However the 55-km study area along the Rio Puerco demonstrated upstream progression of arroyo widening
and filling but not of arroyo incision channel narrowing or floodplain vegetation development. Friedman and colleagues conclude that the occurrence of upstream progression within large basins like the Rio Puerco makes precise synchrony across basins impossible.
Arroyo wall retreat is limited now mostly to locations where meanders impinge on the arroyo wall forming hairpin bends for
and long-term bedrock erosion it would take the arroyo 310 years to completely fill in. Story Source:
and changes in sediment height recovering marsh creek banks did better than ones that still had extensive die off
which at the end of the Cretaceous was a lowland floodplain crisscrossed by river channels. The collection consists of more than 10000 identified plant fossils
#Creation of the Vuoksi River preceded a significant cultural shiftthe creation of the Vuoksi River
This created the Vuoksi River and resulted in an approximately four-metre decrease in the water level of Lake Saimaa revealing thousands of square kilometres of new land in Eastern Finland.
which the creation of the Vuoksi River played in the simultaneous spread of the most significant culture in our prehistory.
After the emergence of the river the culture which used asbestos in its pottery disappeared
Ducks fly once again in great numbers up the Mississippi river and across the Chesapeake bay. California condors are rebounding from just 22 birds to more than 200 today.
The sources of uncertainty along a'cascade of uncertainty'are discussed also. Research on the changing climate
The sources of uncertainty along a'cascade of uncertainty'are discussed also. Marcus Lindner the lead author of the study points out that forest decision makers are no strangers to evaluating alternatives in the long term
Ancient peach stones offer clues to fruits originsas peach trees in the Niagara Region of Ontario give up the last of their fruit for the season their ancestors halfway around the globe are clamouring for attention.
and two Chinese colleagues propose that the domestic peaches enjoyed worldwide today can trace their ancestry back at least 7500 years ago to the lower Yangtze river Valley in Southern China not far from Shanghai.
None of the botanical literature suggested the Yangtze Valley although many people thought that it happened somewhere in China.
Radiocarbon dating of ancient peach stones (pits) discovered in the Lower Yangtze river Valley indicates that the peach seems to have been diverged from its wild ancestors as early as 7500 years ago.
Peach stones are represented well at archeological sites in the Yangtze valley so they compared the size
By comparing the size of the stones from each site they were able to discern peaches growing significantly larger over time in the Yangtze valley demonstrating that domestication was taking place The first peach stones in China most similar to modern
For more than 40 years the ecologist has studied wetlands along rivers and in the prairie pothole region that extends from Canada through the Dakotas to Iowa.
Most of the river or riparian wetlands along the Missouri river were lost when the reservoirs were established according to Johnson.
For his dissertation in the early 70s he studied the forests along the river. Two years ago he looked at
#Underwater grass comeback bodes well for Chesapeake Baythe Susquehanna Flats a large bed of underwater grasses near the mouth of the Susquehanna river virtually disappeared from the upper Chesapeake bay after Tropical Storm Agnes more than 40 years ago.
and waterfowl enthusiasts as prime wildlife habitat researchers believe that the underwater grass beds at the shallow Susquehanna Flats began to decline in the 1960s
The Susquehanna Flats SAV bed is gigantic--the largest in the Chesapeake with multiple species of grasses said Professor Michael Kemp.
It was clear that the extreme flood event following Tropical Storm Agnes triggered the historic demise of the grasses at Susquehanna Flats
(since 1958) water quality (since 1984) and even climate-related variables such as temperature and rivers discharge dating back to the late 1800s.
When major floodwaters flowed from the Susquehanna river in Fall 2011 a portion of the bed was lost.
These processes and patterns are not unique to Susquehanna Flats. Similar trends have been suggested for the Mid-atlantic Coastal Bays
A diminished river flow will only add to the burden of providing resources to the thirsty farms
Goulden and UC Merced's Roger C. Bales investigated the potential influence of a warming climate on evapotranspiration in the Kings River basin in California's Sierra nevada
percent with a corresponding 26 percent decrease in river flow. Further the relationships among evapotranspiration temperature and vegetation density were similar across a broader area of the Sierra nevada suggesting that the impact of climate change on evapotranspiration
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