Their discovery required an international team of scientists fieldwork in the California mountains and at Harvard university's Concord Field Station plus collaborations from Harvard labs on both sides of the Charles river.
Dr. Mahalingam studied that more closely in association with the U s. Forest Service while at the University of California Riverside.
Meeting points for DNA-binding proteinwhen brassinosteroids bind to a receptor on a cell wall they trigger a multilevel cascade of reactions that regulates the activity of the CESTA (CES) transcription factor.
Now a research team led by plant geneticists at the University of California Riverside and Huazhong Agricultural University China has used the method to predict the performance of hybrid rice (for example the yield growth-rate and disease resistance).
Rice and maize are two main crops that depend on hybrid breeding said Shizhong Xu a professor of genetics in the UC Riverside Department of Botany
The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Riverside. The original article was written by Iqbal Pittalwala.
This cause and effect process is called a trophic cascade or the progression of direct and indirect effects predators have across lower levels in a food chain.
and trophic cascades in concert with other drivers affect coastal ecosystems. The ecological impacts of a changing climate are evident from terrestrial polar regions to tropical marine environments.
Big fires today are not outside the range of historical variation in size said Jon Keeley an ecologist based in Three Rivers Cal. with the U s. Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research center and a Fellow of the Ecological Society.
Pesticides or heavy metals enter rivers or lakes and vegetation where they are ingested by fish and mammals and in turn are consumed by other animals and humans.
and his team found that it's most similar to a population of wild rice species found in one location along the Niger river in Mali.
and Karuk tribes in the Klamath River area of northernmost California began his career with an interest in fisheries
The convergence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers was historically one of the largest salmon bearing runs on the West Coast Lake said
#Changes in agriculture increase high river flow ratesjust as a leaky roof can make a house cooler
when it's sunny changes in land use can affect river flow in both rainy and dry times say two University of Iowa researchers.
While it may be obvious that changes in river water discharge across the U s. Midwest can be related to changes in rainfall
The potential benefits of understanding river flow are especially great in the central United states particularly Iowa where spring and summer floods have hit the area in 1993 2008 2013 and 2014 interrupted by the drought of 2012.
In order to study the effect of changes in agricultural practices on Midwest river discharge the researchers focused on Iowa's Raccoon River at Van Meter Iowa.
and corn harvested acreage in the Raccoon River watershed. In times of flood and in times of drought water flow rates were exacerbated by more or less agriculture respectively.
Co-author Dr. David Weise research forester from the U s. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station at Riverside Calif. designed
and conducted this study with a team of scientists from the University of California Riverside College of Engineering to examine
In all nine rivers and streams including the Mississippi and Missouri rivers were included in the study.
The rivers studied drain most of Iowa and parts of Minnesota Montana Nebraska North dakota South dakota and Wisconsin.
These states have the highest use of neonicotinoid insecticides in the Nation and the chemicals were found in all nine rivers and streams.
Of the three most often found chemicals clothianidin was the most commonly detected showing up in 75 percent of the sites and at the highest concentration.
which is similar to the spring flushing of herbicides that has been documented in Midwestern U s. rivers
The team also has been refining efforts for breeding over the past year with captive narrow-headed gartersnakes from the Black River an area affected by the 2011 Wallow Fire
In the United states the Environmental protection agency found stormwater runoff to be one of the top 10 causes of compromised environments in rivers streams lakes ponds reservoirs bays and estuaries.
and Thames Basin Heath it can be affected by development such as housing and as part of the planning process developers must now provide data on presence
Lyuba was found by reindeer herders in May 2007 on the banks of the Yuribei River on the Yamal Peninsula in northwest Siberia.
Khroma was found in October 2008 near the Khroma River in northernmost Yakutia in northeast Siberia.
A possible death scenario for Khroma places the calf and her mother on a riverbank in the spring.
Perhaps the riverbank collapsed and the two mammoths mother and daughter plunged into the river.
A fall would account for the fractured spinal column revealed by Khroma's CT scan as well as the mud she inhaled.
The varieties Natchez Osage Fantasy Basham's Party Pink and Miami have proven highly resistant to bacterial leaf spot
These include the U s. Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in the northern Gulf of mexico Bermuda and Bonaire all of
He conducted the new study with researchers from the University of California (UC) San diego UCLA UC Riverside UC Berkeley the University of South australia the Forest Research Institute Malaysia and PE Research.
The team analyzed 30 fossil sand tiger shark teeth exhumed from Banks Island and 19 modern sand tiger shark teeth from specimens caught in Delaware bay bordered by Delaware and New jersey.
and Rocky mountain spotted fever and mosquitoes can spread West Nile Virus. Insect repellents are used to avoid exposure to pests that can bite attach
As a consequence heat-related deaths could reach about 200000 the cost of river flood damages could exceed â0 billion and 8000 km2 of forest could burn in southern Europe.
agriculture river floods coasts tourism energy droughts forest fires transport infrastructure and human health. The report also includes a pilot study on habitat suitability of forest tree species. Connie Hedegaard European Commissioner for Climate Action said:
Expected biophysical impacts (such as agriculture yields river floods transport infrastructure losses) have been integrated into an economic model
The study simulated this for the impacts of river floods and results show that they could multiply tenfold.
And because of the country's climate and geography irrigation is now widespread burdening rivers and groundwater supplies.
They found that domestic corn trade leads to significant losses of irrigation water resources (such as rivers reservoirs and groundwater.
From the 1930's to the present generations of citizens and government leaders have worked to protect this special area through designations of wilderness wild and scenic rivers and protection of critical wildlife habitat.
town by the Euphrates river in Syria may be the first evidence that agricultural irrigation systems in the middle East contributed to disease burden according to new Correspondence published in The Lancet Infectious diseases.
This research shows it may have been spread by the introduction of crop irrigation in ancient Mesopotamia the region along the Tigris-Euphrates river system that covers parts of modern-day Iraq Iran Kuwait Syria
dynasty-toppling floodsfor thousands of years Mother Nature has taken the blame for tremendous human suffering caused by massive flooding along the Yellow River long known in China as the River of Sorrow and Scourge of the Sons of Han.
Now new research from Washington University in St louis links the river's increasingly deadly floods to a widespread pattern of human-caused environmental degradation
and related flood-mitigation efforts that began changing the river's natural flow nearly 3000 years ago.
and nowhere more keenly witnessed than in attempts to harness the Yellow River said T. R. Kidder Phd lead author of the study and an archaeologist at Washington University.
A catastrophic floodit also suggests that the Chinese government's long-running efforts to tame the Yellow River with levees dikes
By 2000 years ago people were controlling the Yellow River or at least thought they were controlling it and that's the problem.
and Archaeology relies on a sophisticated analysis of sedimentary soils deposited along the Yellow River over thousands of years.
It includes data from the team's ongoing excavations at the sites of two ancient communities in the lower Yellow River flood plain of China's Henan province.
and bank/levee systems along the lower reaches of the Yellow River about 2900-2700 years ago.
By the beginning of the first millennium A d. the levee system had been extended much farther up river lining the banks for several hundred miles he estimated.
building levees causes sediments to accumulate in the river bed raising the river higher and making it more vulnerable to flooding
The Yellow River has been engineered an river--entirely unnatural--for quite a long time. Help for understanding climate change's effectskidder an authority on river basin geoarchaeology has gathered data from the Yellow River excavation sites over the last five summers.
He also conducts similar geoarchaeology research along the Mississippi river at a Native american site called Poverty Point in Louisiana.
He argues that geoarchaeology--a relatively new science that combines aspects of geology and archaeology--offers the potential to make dramatic contributions to our understanding of how climate change
The Yellow River he argues had existed for eons as a relatively calm and stable waterway until large numbers of Chinese farmers began disturbing the fragile environment of the upper river's Loess Plateau.
Widespread erosion in the river's upper regions caused it to carry incredibly heavy loads of sediment downstream where deposits gradually raised the river bed above levees and surrounding fields.
Implications for modern river managementslowly over thousands of years human intervention began to have a dramatic impact on the river's character.
Periodic breaches of the levee system led to devastating floods with some shifting the river's main channel hundreds of miles from its initial course.
While the research offers new insight into Chinese history it also has interesting implications for modern river management policies around the globe such as those causing similar flooding problems along the Missouri
and Mississippi rivers in the United states. To think that we can avoid similar catastrophe today due to better technology is a dangerous notion he said.
Unlike ancient China where human mistakes devastated a single river valley we now have the technology to make mistakes that can cause devastation on a truly global scale.
or it might end up in a river or stream or in the ocean or it might end up in a reservoir.
Places at risk include urban areas in China where the disease has occurred not yet along with large swaths of the Bengal regions of Bangladesh and India the Mekong and Red river deltas in Vietnam and isolated parts of Indonesia and the Philippines.
When these fast-moving streams--full of detritus from forest foliage--hit the slow-moving lake the debris falls out of suspension
and West Nile virus. One approach to controlling mosquitoes is to apply pesticides by spraying from planes or trucks over a large area.
only if resource efficient cascades and stringent energy efficiency measures were implemented. The report is available online at:
Because forests clean rivers climate regulation and other ecosystem services are freely available to everyone landowners often receive nothing for actions they take on their own land that contribute to the pool of ecosystem services.
Norman Ellstrand a plant geneticist at the University of California Riverside is interested in many aspects regarding gene flow especially in applied plant biology
The maps show that the greatest benefits occur in the eastern U s. particularly in states in and around the Ohio river Valley as well as the Rocky mountain region.
and shelter are deprived of that habitat. â#oethis can have cascading effects through the food chainâ#said Bill Overholt an entomology professor at UFÂ##s Indian River Research and Education Center in Fort
#Hydrologists find Mississippi river networks buffering system for nitrates is overwhelmeda new method of measuring the interaction of surface water
and groundwater along the length of the Mississippi river network adds fresh evidence that the network's natural ability to chemically filter out nitrates is being overwhelmed.
in the Mississippi river network goes through a natural filtering process as it flows to the Gulf of mexico.
The analysis found that 99.6 percent of the water in the network passes through filtering sediment along the banks of creeks streams and rivers.
but the unfortunate implication is that the river's natural filtration systems for nitrates appear to be operating at or very close to full capacity.
While further research is needed this would make it unlikely that natural systems can accommodate the high levels of nitrates that have made their way from farmland and other sources into the river network's waterways.
As a result of its filtration systems being overwhelmed the river system operates less as a buffer and more as a conveyor belt transporting nitrates to the Gulf of mexico.
and Brian Kiel a Ph d. candidate in geology at the university's Jackson School of Geosciences provides valuable information to those who manage water quality efforts including the tracking of nitrogen fertilizers used to grow crops in the Midwest in the Mississippi river
This is the first work putting together a physics-based estimate on the scale of one of these big rivers looking at the net effect of nitrate removal in big river systems.
The Mississippi river network includes the Ohio river watershed on the east and the Missouri river watershed in the west as well as the Mississippi watershed in the middle.
Using detailed ground-level data from the United states Geological Survey (USGS) and Environmental protection agency Cardenas and Kiel analyzed the waterways for sinuosity (how much they bend and curve);
One compound nitrate is a major component of inorganic fertilizers that has helped make the area encompassed by the Mississippi river network the biggest producer of corn soybeans wheat cattle
While the biggest source of nitrates in the Mississippi river network are industrial fertilizers nitrates also come from animal manure urban areas wastewater treatment
The residence times when water entered the hyporheic zones ranged from less than an hour in the river system's headwaters to more than a month in larger meandering channels.
Cardenas said the research provides a large-scale holistic view of the river network's natural buffering mechanism
The new model he added can be a first step to enable a wider analysis of the river system.
When a river system gets totally overwhelmed You lose the chemical functions the chemical buffering said Cardenas.
which are divided by the Yangtze river--the largest river in China flowing west to east across the vast country.
He soon found that the Yangtze was an important cultural divider in China. I found out that the Yangtze river helped divide dialects in China and
I soon learned that the Yangtze also roughly divides rice farming and wheat farming he said.
He dug into anthropologists'accounts of pre-modern rice and wheat villages and realized that they might account for the different mindsets carried forward from an agrarian past into modernity.
Talhelm said that one of the most striking findings was that counties on the north-south border--just across the Yangtze river from each other--exhibited the same north/south psychological characteristics as areas much more distantly separated north and south.
In a separate study presented on April 27 at the Experimental Biology annual meeting in San diego Laurie Nommsen-Rivers Phd a researcher at the Cincinnati Children's Perinatal Institute showed that postpartum metabolic health
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers is senior author of both of these new studies. The single most important factor in building a strong milk supply is frequent and thorough breastfeeding beginning at birth she says.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and Dr. Riddle are planning to conduct a clinical trial of metformin a drug used to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes.
and dead trees in the Weber River basin the researchers built a tree-ring chronology that extends back 585 years into Utah's natural history.
He remembered a 2012 report of a solitary bee sipping the tears of a yellow-spotted river turtle in Ecuador's Yasunã National park
and Tribulations story about the Ecuadorian bee and the river turtle by Olivier Dangles and JÃ rã'me Casas in ESA's Frontiers.
and Platte rivers says hydrologist Reed Maxwell of the Colorado School Of mines. Maxwell and colleagues have published results of their study of beetle effects on stream flows in this week's issue of the journal Nature Climate Change.
but severe climatic events can trigger cascades of ecosystem change that last for centuries. Some of the most compelling evidence of how ecosystems respond to drought
The regime that used fewer chemicals resulted in more than 50 percent reductions in the amount of nitrogen that escaped into groundwater and rivers with crop yields close to those of standard management.
and The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds in Bedfordshire UK via the Across the River Project together with experienced rangers from the Forestry Development Authority in Liberia local research assistants from Liberia and Sierra leone
which we sometimes had to cross rivers climb mountains and pass through steep valleys. But the effort paid off.
Another is a sticky'marine snow'that falls slowly downward to the bottom and gets buried in sediments.
Research by Alison Macintosh a Phd candidate in Cambridge university's Department of Archaeology and Anthropology shows that after the emergence of agriculture in Central europe from around 5300 BC the bones of those living in the fertile soils of the Danube river valley
#A balanced carbon footprint for the Amazon Riverconsidered until now a source of greenhouse gas emissions capturing the CO2 fixed by the tropical forest through the soils of the watershed to release it into the atmosphere the Amazon river actually has balanced a carbon footprint.
In fact a new study shows that the CO2 outgassed by the river is drawn only from the river system itself by the semiaquatic vegetation on the flood plains.
Therefore the Amazon recycles the CO2 from its own river system and not that fixed by the tropical forest releasing as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as it absorbs.
Until now researchers thought that rivers were supplied with carbon by trees and other land plants through the soils of the watershed.
Watercourses and in particular the giant Amazon were considered thus as net sources of emissions releasing more CO2 than they absorbed.
Now researchers have shown just that the CO2 outgassed by the waters of the Amazon is drawn in reality only from the river system itself.
Conversely to what we thought the river thus acts as a CO2 pump. The link between aquatic vegetation and CO2EMISSIONTEN French and Brazilian teams within the framework of the ANR-CARBAMA project
half of this carbon in the form of dissolved CO2 and biodegradable organic matter is transferred directly to the river.
Therefore the carbon footprint of the river system in the central Amazon region is close to equilibrium:
and it's not very good at dispersing seeds long distance said author Robert Arkle a supervisory ecologist for the USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center at the Snake river Field Station in Idaho.
Methane fuels life in pristine chalk riversscientists from Queen Mary University of London have found that naturally high concentrations of the greenhouse gas methane contributes to energy production in chalk rivers in a new study
published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Chalk rivers found from Dorset to Cambridgeshire sustain a diverse range of protected animals
and plants and are renowned globally for fly fishing an industry worth more than £4m on the Rivers Test and Itchen (Hampshire) alone.
The researchers analysed the methane concentration in over 30 rivers in Southern England including the River Lambourn in Berkshire.
The rapid growth of aquatic plants during the summer months prevents light from reaching the river bed
For example fine sediments washed into rivers from farmland used to grow crops are known to be sources of methane gas.
processes and ecosystem services of the Amazon river wetlands. Scientists from Virginia Tech the Woods Hole Research center and the University of California Santa barbara funded by NASA are collaborating with Brazilian scientists to explore the ecosystem consequences of the extreme droughts of 2005 and 2010 and the extreme flood
The research fills an important gap in our understanding of the vulnerability of tropical river-forest systems to changes in climate
Amazon floodplains and river channels--maintained by seasonal floods--promote nutrient cycling and high biological production and support diverse biological communities as well as human populations with one of the highest per capita rates of fish consumption said Castello.
The researchers will look at how the natural seasonality of river levels influences aquatic and terrestrial grasses fisheries
It is important that we understand how the Amazon river and ecosystem services such as fisheries are affected
because in some years they can almost double the amount of fish in the river that is available for fishermen and society.
and weight of the catch for 40 species. The hydrological data include daily water level measurements recorded in the Madeira Purus and Amazonas-Solimã es rivers.
and productivity of floodplain forests--those enriched by rising waters called whitewater river forests and nutrient-poor blackwater river forests.
Our research informs large river ecology globally because natural flowing rivers like the Amazon are rare these days
and most research to date being done in North america and Europe has focused on degraded systems Castello said Story Source:
they're lost into the atmosphere lost into rivers lost through rain Crowther said. But in clay-like soil you can cut down the forest
The Corn belt for example receives water from the Mississippi river. Accounting for irrigation is currently a challenge for models
An international research group led by Arizona State university professor Qiang Shawn Chen has developed a new generation of potentially safer and more cost-effective therapeutics against West Nile virus and other pathogens.
and protect mice against a lethal dose challenge of West Nile virus--even as late as 4 days after the initial infection.
The overarching goal of our research is to create an innovative yet sustainable and accessible low cost solution to combat the global threat of West Nile virus said Chen a researcher at Arizona State university's Biodesign Institute and professor in the Department
West Nile virus is spread by infected mosquitoes and targets the central nervous system. It can be a serious life-altering
or drug treatment against West Nile virus which has been widely spread across the U s. Canada Latin america and the Caribbean.
Secondly we've wanted to improve the delivery of the therapeutic into the brain to combat West Nile virus at the place where it does the greatest harm.
A couple of years ago his team demonstrated that their first candidate phu-E16 could neutralize West Nile infection
MABS target proteins found on the surface of West Nile virus . However this antibody was not to be able to accumulate at high levels in the brain.
Chen wanted to use this strategy to produce a more effective way to combat West Nile virus. In the new study they improved upon their phu-E16 design making half a dozen new variants that could for the first time lead to the development of MABS that effectively target the brain
and neutralize West Nile virus. Mice were infected with a lethal dose of West Nile virus and increasing amounts of a MAB therapeutic were delivered as a single dose the same day of infection.
In this case the therapeutic was administered 4 days after West Nile virus infection when the virus has already spread to the brain.
and makes possible neutralizing West Nile virus even after infection by a tetravalent MAB. The tetravalent MABS design will offer the researchers greater flexibility toward selection of disease tissue and antigen targets.
The Danau Girang Field Centre is located in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary a strip of rainforest along Sabah's major river squeezed in by vast oil palm plantations on either side.
Watersheds are areas of land with streams and rivers that all drain into a larger body of water such as a bigger river a lake or an ocean.
It has disrupted the evenness of river flow resulting in alternate flooding and drought episodes an accelerated level of soil erosion as well as downstream sedimentation.
and contour planting in grasslands appear to be the most effective techniques to reduce sediment transfer to the watershed river network says Wilson.
Side effects of tamoxifen for example include increased risk of uterine cancer cataracts stroke and cardiovascular disease. Patients diagnosed with precancerous cells
and other techniques a research team led by conservation biologists at the University of California Riverside has determined that bighorn sheep so named for their massive spiral horns became extinct on Tiburã n Island a large and mostly uninhabited island just
and their diseases and minimal human disturbance said Benjamin Wilder a Ph d. graduate student in UC Riverside's Department of Botany
The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Riverside. The original article was written by Iqbal Pittalwala.
and corridors out of a longleaf pine plantation around the Savannah-river National Laboratory near Jackson S. C a network of sensors was erected to provide observations on wind speed turbulence temperature
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