Research and Education Center in Lake Alfred. Citrus greening first enters the tree via a tiny insect the Asian citrus psyllid
Those treatments are being studied by UF researchers in Lake Alfred and at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center in Immokalee.
and the underlying molecular mechanismsthe National institutes of health the Keck Center Nanobiology Training program of the Gulf Coast Consortia and the Baylor College of Medicine Medical scientist Training program supported the research.
and coastal flooding due to sea level rise and storm surge. NCA Highlights: Northeast; NCA Highlights: Overview) â#¢Southeast and Caribbean-Virginia W. Virginia Kentucky Tennessee Georgia Alabama Arkansas S. Carolina N. Carolina Mississippi Florida Louisiana and the Caribbean islands:
and some of the fastest-growing metropolitan areasâ#The Gulf and Atlantic coasts are major producers of seafood
The Midwest's agricultural lands forests Great lakes industrial activities and cities are all vulnerable to climate variability and climate change.
Rapidly receding summer sea ice shrinking glaciers and thawing permafrost cause damage to infrastructure and major changes to ecosystems.
The U s. Pacific Islands region includes more than 2000 islands spanning millions of square miles of ocean.
Rising air and ocean temperatures shifting rainfall patterns changing frequencies and intensities of storms and drought decreasing streamflows rising sea levels and changing ocean chemistry will threaten the sustainability
Coastal lifelines such as water supply infrastructure and evacuation routes are increasingly vulnerable to higher sea levels and storm surges inland flooding and other climate-related changes.
The impacts from sea level rise and storm surge extreme weather events higher temperatures and heat waves precipitation changes Arctic warming and other climatic conditions are affecting the reliability and capacity of the U s. transportation system in many ways.
Sea level rise coupled with storm surge will continue to increase the risk of major coastal impacts on transportation infrastructure including both temporary and permanent flooding of airports ports
In the longer term sea level rise extreme storm surge events and high tides will affect coastal facilities and infrastructure on
and wetlands to continue to play important roles in reducing the impacts of extreme events on infrastructure human communities
Ecosystems) â#¢Oceans: Ocean waters are becoming warmer and more acidic broadly affecting ocean circulation chemistry ecosystems and marine life.
More acidic waters inhibit the formation of shells skeletons and coral reefs. Warmer waters harm coral reefs and alter the distribution abundance
and productivity of many marine species. The rising temperature and changing chemistry of ocean water combine with other stresses such as overfishing and coastal and marine pollution to alter marine-based food production
and harm fishing communitiesâ#In response to observed and projected climate impacts some existing ocean policies practices
and communities to adapt to changing ocean conditions. NCA Highlights: Oceans) Climate Trends in America â#¢Temperature:
U s. average temperature has increased by 1. 3â°F to 1. 9â°F since record keeping began in 1895;
Rising temperatures are reducing ice volume and surface extent on land lakes and sea. This loss of ice is expected to continue.
Climate Trends) â#¢Sea level: Global sea level has risen by about 8 inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880.
It is projected to rise another 1 to 4 feet by 2100. NCA Highlights: Climate Trends) â#¢Ocean Acidification:
The oceans are currently absorbing about a quarter of the carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere annually
and are becoming more acidic as a result leading to concerns about intensifying impacts on marine ecosystems.
parts of Sudan and Ethiopia the countries surrounding Lake victoria in Central africa and the very southeast of the continent including most notably parts of South africa Mozambique Zimbabwe says lead-author Christoph MÃ ller.
They are projected to see more severe dry seasons and reduced growth of plants and near Lake victoria floodings.
Though bountiful in the ocean salt is often a rare and valuable resource on land especially for vegetarians.
#Wetlands likely to blame for atmospheric methane increases: Studya surprising recent rise in atmospheric methane likely stems from wetland emissions suggesting that much more of the potent greenhouse gas will be pumped into the atmosphere as northern wetlands continue to thaw
and tropical ones to warm according to a new international study led by a University of Guelph researcher.
The study supports calls for improved monitoring of wetlands and human changes to those ecosystems--a timely topic as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change prepares to examine land use impacts on greenhouse gas emissions says Prof.
and fossil fuel use as well as natural sources such as microbes in saturated wetland soils. The amount of atmospheric methane has remained relatively stable for about a decade
Scientists believe this increase stems partly from more methane being released from thawing northern wetlands. Scientists have assumed that wetland methane release is largest in the tropics said Turetsky.
But our analyses show that northern fens such as those created when permafrost thaws can have emissions comparable to warm sites in the tropics despite their cold temperatures.
The study calls for better methods of detecting different types of wetlands and methane release rates between flooded and drained areas.
Fens are the most common type of wetland in Canada but we lack basic scientific approaches for mapping fens using remote sensing products she said.
Not only are fens one of the strongest sources of wetland greenhouse gases but we also know that Canadian forests
The team showed that small temperature changes can release much more methane from wetland soils to the atmosphere.
If wetland soils dry out from evaporation or human drainage emissions will fall--but not without other problems.
Another study co-author Kim Wickland United states Geological Survey said This study provides important data for better accounting of how methane emissions change after wetland drainage and flooding.
or managed wetlands says Wickland who has helped the IPCC improve methods for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from managed wetlands.
which is released from natural sources such as wetlands as well as from human activities including waste management the oil and gas industries rice production and livestock farming.
and in Cape cod to look at sea level rise and die off under the assumption that these are the mechanisms that are causing it Crotty said.
Water warming has altered also the distribution of large species of fish found in the open sea.
Rising sea levels coastal flooding and tidal waves cause danger to life and risk of injury and hinder livelihoods in low-lying coastal areas and in small island nations.
The new results show that the fraction of late-summer groundwater flows from affected watersheds is about 30 percent higher after beetles have infested an area compared with watersheds with less severe beetle attacks.
Dead trees create changes in water qualityusing'fingerprints'of different water sources defined by the sources'water chemistry we found that a higher fraction of late-summer streamflow in affected watersheds comes from groundwater rather than surface
In bark beetle-infested watersheds. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by National Science Foundation.
This strategy sees reserves as islands in an inhospitable sea of human-modified habitats and doesn't adequately account for biodiversity patterns in many human-dominated landscapes according to the Stanford study.
The study focused on bat populations within a mosaic of forest fragments and farmland in Costa rica and on islands in a large lake in Panama.
Not only do more species persist across the'sea of farmland'than expected by island biogeographic theory novel yet native species actually thrive there said co-author Elizabeth Hadly the Paul S. and Billie Achilles Professor in Environmental Biology at Stanford and senior
and wetlands and pest control provided by birds and bats. The study's findings point to the need for new approaches that integrate conservation
and sediment-rich carbon deposition on a soil located on a lower landscape position or in a waterway.
The land unit could be a plot plot area parcel tract field farm landscape position landscape wetland forest
As the drought continues mirroring conditions that are projected to be more common in the future scientists say the need for allocating water reliably to wetlands
and flooded agricultural lands will only grow stronger for wetland-dependent birds. Curlews can't survive in the Central Valley without irrigated agriculture given the loss of most of their historic shallow-water habitats in summer
The Central Valley's protected wetlands (federal wildlife refuges state wildlife areas and private lands)
In early fall--the driest time of year in the Valley--it is especially important that these birds can find flooded fields and wetlands for their survival.
He is now a researcher with the Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Iran.
Ice cores from Greenland and North american lake sediments showed the nitrogen-15 ratio gradually decreasing
#Iconic boreal bird species declining in the Adirondacksa new study from the Wildlife Conservation Society finds that several iconic Adirondack birds are in trouble with declines driven by the size of their wetland habitats
how connected these wetlands are to one another and how near they are to human infrastructure.
and WCS Adirondack Program Science Director Michale Glennon explores occupancy patterns over time for eight bird species in lowland boreal forest wetlands in the Adirondacks.
A total of 1105 count surveys conducted between 2007 and 2011 in wetlands ranging in size from 0. 04--6. 0 square kilometers resulted in 1305 detections of target species with yellow-bellied flycatcher
and connectedness of their wetland habitats were important as was nearby human infrastructure with birds much more likely to disappear from smaller isolated wetlands that are near development.
The number of boreal wetlands occupied by five species--rusty blackbird gray jay yellow-bellied flycatcher olive-sided flycatcher
In addition to songbirds and woodpeckers boreal wetlands provide critical habitat for other park icons like moose loon and marten.
And a previously published survey showed that citizens are willing to make such payments for environmental services such as cleaner lakes.
Nitrogen pollution is a major problem in inland waterways and coastal regions where it contributes to the formation of dead zones.
so that land managers could participate in stewardship programs to benefit lakes; a smaller number were willing to pay for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
by the time it reaches seafloora fraction of the carbon that finds its way into Earth's oceans--the black soot
and hitches a ride to the ocean floor on passing particles. The study by scientists from Rice university the University of California Irvine and the University of South carolina offers the first detailed analysis of how black carbon gets into deep ocean sediments as well as an accounting of the types
and amounts of black carbon found in those sediments. Our previous work showed that the black carbon in ocean sediments is said ancient lead investigator Ellen Druffel the Fred Kavli Professor of Earth System Science at UC Irvine.
It's anywhere from 2000 to 5500 years older than the organic carbon in the same sediments.
or it stays trapped somewhere else--like the soil--for thousands of years before it enters the ocean.
This new study offers the most complete picture yet of how black carbon finds its way into deep ocean sediments.
Our aim was to show how the black carbon cycle likely works in the ocean Druffel said.
This helps us narrow down the role of the ocean as a sink for both soot and charcoal.
Black carbon's journey to the bottom of the ocean begins when the material enters the water.
Airborne soot gets into the ocean via rainfall and runoff from streams. Though charcoal residue can stay trapped in soils for thousands of years runoff
and erosion eventually carry some of it to the ocean as well. The researchers used radiocarbon dating and other techniques to examine the black carbon that was buried in seafloor sediments in the Northeast Pacific that dated to about 20000 years ago.
I'm surprised that given how much black carbon is produced most of it remains in the ocean for thousands of years Coppola said.
It's very interesting that only a relatively small amount with a certain type of chemistry is removed to the ocean floor.
#A balanced carbon footprint for the Amazon Riverconsidered until now a source of greenhouse gas emissions capturing the CO2 fixed by the tropical forest through the soils of the watershed to release it into the atmosphere the Amazon river actually has balanced a carbon footprint.
and other land plants through the soils of the watershed. This carbon was transformed then into CO2
This CO2 comes from the decomposition of the organic matter produced by semiaquatic vegetation in the Amazon wetlands.
and in space as the proportion of vegetation diminishes from upstream of the study area where flooded forests dominate to downstream where the majority of the lakes are found.
In fact the researchers showed a very high export ratio toward the aquatic environment of the gross primary production of the Amazon wetlands:
It sheds light on the need to consider the specific properties of wetlands in global carbon footprints.
The study a collaboration between researchers at the University of British columbia the University of Wisconsin-Madison Michigan State university is funded a collaboration by Great lakes Bioenergy Research center was published today in Science.
Right now the land and the ocean are taking up almost half of the carbon dioxide we add to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels
or the ocean--is distributed not evenly. To understand where that carbon dioxide is need going we precise comprehensive ongoing data about carbon dioxide absorption
and emission by forests the ocean and many other regions. For some of these regions we have far too few observations.
A research ship moves about the speed of a 10-speed bicycle said Scott Doney director of the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Mass.
Think about the size of the ocean. There's only so much research you can do speed at the of a bicycle.
But there's little shipping in the Southern Ocean and Doney said that's a region of high concern.
We used to think energy from the breakdown of chemicals was only substantial in dark places where photosynthesis is impossible like deep oceans.
processes and ecosystem services of the Amazon river wetlands. Scientists from Virginia Tech the Woods Hole Research center and the University of California Santa barbara funded by NASA are collaborating with Brazilian scientists to explore the ecosystem consequences of the extreme droughts of 2005 and 2010 and the extreme flood
Although most of the macrophyte carbon is released back to the atmosphere in the same form that it is assimilated carbon dioxide some of it is exported actually to the ocean as dissolved carbon
--which scientists use to understand how carbon cycles through the ocean land and atmosphere over time--underestimate the productivity of the Corn belt by 40 to 60 percent.
For this reason the largest health costs are carried most often by the more populated states in the Northeast and Great lakes region.
Crassignatha danaugirangensis after the field centre's idyllic setting at the Danau Girang oxbow lake. All data and images were compiled then into a scientific paper
and water management practices that increase agricultural productivity can save watersheds from degradation. A study conducted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in the Gabayan watershed in eastern Bohol Philippines has shown that agroforestry systems create a more sustainably managed watershed that allows people living there to benefit from the ecosystem.
The benefits include higher crop yields increased income and resilience to climate change. Agroforestry is integrated an land-use management technique that incorporates trees and shrubs with crops and livestock on farms.
and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate the effects of different land uses on watershed hydrology
and the ecosystem services provided by the Gabayan watershed. The tool predicts the environmental impact of land use land management practices and climate change.
Watersheds are areas of land with streams and rivers that all drain into a larger body of water such as a bigger river a lake or an ocean.
Watersheds not only supply water for domestic use but also provide a multitude of ecological and cultural services including water for irrigation
Over the years however many watersheds throughout the world have suffered from intensive resource extraction and mismanagement.
In countries like the Philippines several watershed areas in the country are degraded now due to deforestation and soil erosion.
The degraded watershed has been deforested largely and replaced with extensive agricultural and grasslands over the last half century says David Wilson the lead researcher.
therefore able to provide scientific evidence that agroforestry combined with improved land management practices are an effective land-use strategy for the watersheds.
and contour planting in grasslands appear to be the most effective techniques to reduce sediment transfer to the watershed river network says Wilson.
#Major increase in West Antarctic glacial losssix massive glaciers in West Antarctica are moving faster than they did 40 years ago causing more ice to discharge into the ocean and global sea level to rise according to new research.
--which has a significant impact on sea level rise he said. The researchers studied the Pine Island Thwaites Haynes Smith Pope and Kohler glaciers all of
which discharge ice into a vast bay known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment in West Antarctica.
If melted completely the glaciers'disappearance would raise sea levels another 1. 2 meters (four feet) according to co-author and UC-Irvine Professor Eric Rignot.
The decades of increasing speeds and ice loss are a strong indication of a major long-term leakage of ice into the ocean from that sector of Antarctica noted Rignot.
This region is considered the potential leak point for Antarctica because of the low seabed. The only thing holding it in is said the ice shelf Robert Thomas a glaciologist at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Wallops Island Va. who was involved not in the study.
Ice shelves are platforms of permanent floating ice that form where glaciers meet the sea.
In West Antarctica ice shelves prevent the glaciers investigated in the study from slipping more rapidly into the ocean.
Smith and Pope Glaciers nearly tripled the amount of ice they drained into the ocean since 1973.
The research team also found that the Pine Island Glacier is accelerating along its entire drainage system--up to 230 kilometers (155 miles) inland from where it meets the ocean.
Using sediments from a remote lake researchers from Brown University have assembled a 60000-year record of rainfall in central Indonesia.
The Indonesian archipelago sits in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool an expanse of ocean that supplies a sizable fraction of the water vapor in Earth's atmosphere
A very large fraction of the Earth's water vapor comes from evaporation of the ocean around Indonesia
To arrive at those conclusions the researchers used sediment cores from Lake Towuti an ancient lake on the island of Sulawesi in central Indonesia.
By looking at how concentrations of chemical elements in the sediment change with depth the researchers can develop a continuous record of how much surface runoff poured into the lake.
Core samples from deeper in the Lake Towuti sediment will show whether this drying evident during the last ice age also happened in previous ice ages.
It's estimated that Lake Tuwuti sediments record up to 800000 years of climate data and Russell recently received funding to take deeper cores.
which protects a 5193-acre Florida scrub preserve near Lake Placid Only twice in those 23 years--in March 1989
#Bighorn sheep went extinct on desert island in Gulf of Californiausing ancient DNA analysis and other techniques a research team led by conservation biologists at the University of California Riverside has determined that bighorn sheep so named for their massive spiral horns became extinct on Tiburã n Island a large and mostly uninhabited island just
off Sonora Mexico in the Gulf of california sometime in the last millennium--specifically between the 6th and 19th centuries.
Although it used to occur all along the west coast from San diego to Washington state this wetland plant with delicate white flowers had dwindled to one population in a boggy wetland in San luis Obispo County.
and also in furthering our understanding of wetland ecology she said. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Santa cruz. The original article was written by Tim Stephens. Note:
because much of the snow melt there feeds into a lake that's a reservoir for Denver's water.
which crawled into the sea. All hatchlings emerged from protected nests on a 950-meter beach that is now owned
. Although widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical seas of the world the olive ridley turtle is listed still as Vulnerable on IUCNÂ##s Red List.
The heat evaporated water stored in soil lakes and vegetation and in combination with repeated dzuds devastated livestock.
But said Stahle we live in a sea of coincidence--something like that is hard to prove.
In coming months team member Avery Cook Shinneman a biologist at the University of Washington plans to analyze sediments taken from the bottoms of Mongolian lakes.
Lake Eyre dragon lizards Ctenophorus maculosus are found exclusively in salt deserts in southern Australia where they feed on dead insects blown onto the salt crust.
because it drowned beneath the Bering sea when sea levels rose. University of Utah anthropologist Dennis O'Rourke and two colleagues make that argument in the Friday Feb 28 issue of the journal Science.
A Frozen Isolated Dawn for the Earliest Americansduring the last glacial maximum thick glacial ice sheets extended south into what now is the northern United states sea levels dropped some 400 feet O'Rourke says.
As the glaciers melted sea levels began to rise reaching current levels 6000 years ago. During the long glacial period Siberia and Alaska were linked by the Bering land bridge
The idea that rising sea levels covered evidence of human migration to The americas has long been cited by researchers studying how early Native americans moved south along the Pacific coast as the glaciers receded and sea levels rose.
Although most such sites are underwater some evidence of human habitation in shrub tundra might remain above sea level in low-lying portions of Alaska and eastern Chukotka (in Russia.
The methane bubbling up from a single palm oil wastewater lagoon during a year is roughly equivalent to the emissions from 22000 passenger vehicles in the United states the analysis found.
For now the carbon footprint of cutting down forests to make way for palm plantations dwarfs the greenhouse gases coming from the wastewater lagoons.
But while deforestation is expected to slow as the focus shifts to more intensive agriculture on existing plantations the emissions from wastewater lagoons will continue unabated
The amount of methane biogas that went uncollected from palm oil wastewater lagoons last year alone could have met a quarter of Malaysia's electricity needs.
Capturing methane at wastewater lagoons could be encouraged by making it a requirement before palm oil products can be certified as sustainable the authors said.
and the region's importance regarding sea level rise said Dr Matt Ash from the UCL team who accompanied BAS on the NERC istar misson.
and slowly pour lake water through the stick. The improvised filter should trap any bacteria producing fresh uncontaminated water.
According to Jennifer Fitchett a Phd student in the Wits School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES) there has been an assumption that increasing sea surface temperatures caused by global warming is causing an increase in the number
As the oceans have warmed and the minimum sea surface temperature necessary for a cyclone to occur (26.5 degrees Celsius) has been moving further south storms in the southwest Indian ocean have been moving further south too.
Most cyclones hit Madagascar and do not continue to Mozambique and those which hit Mozambique develop to the north of Madagascar
and where the water line was when the pond emptied. To see the video visit the following link:
#Seed-filled buoys may help restore diverse sea meadows in San francisco Baya pearl net filled with seedpods tethered by a rope anchored in the coastal mud
Sea grass meadows are a key marine environment under siege. In their healthy state they stabilize coastal sediment
and fastest-growing flowering plants that often becomes a hard-to-control weed in ponds and small lakes.
It often forms thick mats on the edges of ponds quiet inlets of lakes and in marshes.
when the Ohio river approached the record high of 332.2 feet above sea level. â#oethe floodwaters eventually drained back into the Ohio river
In late April the Ohio river floodwaters then started to flood the towns of Olive branch and Miller City the Horseshoe Lake area and surrounding agricultural lands.
and levees loss of wetlands and flood-holding capacity internal channelization of the Cache River and tributaries and an ever-changing climate have altered the hydrology of the valley redistributed soil from fields
and implementation of the Cache River Watershed Resource Plan completed in 1995â#Olson said. He cited nine resource concerns that were identified:
throughout the watershed and the impacts of wildlife on farming and vice versa. â#oemost of these concerns still need to be said addressedâ#Olson. â#oesince that plan was created there have been additional compromises/breaches that need to be repaired.
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