because oceans and trees absorb carbon dioxide--including carbon-14--from the atmosphere. So the method won't work for tusks
and Management was done in a portion of the Metolius River watershed in the eastern Cascade range of Oregon
Study reveals potent carbon-storage potential of human-made wetlandsafter being drained by the millions of acres to make way for agriculture wetlands are staging a small comeback these days on farms.
or construct wetlands alongside their fields to trap nitrogen and phosphorus runoff and research shows these systems can also retain pesticides antibiotics and other agricultural pollutants.
Important as these storage functions of wetlands are however another critical one is being overlooked says Bill Mitsch director of the Everglades Wetland Research Park at Florida Gulf Coast University and an emeritus professor at Ohio State university:
Wetlands also excel at pulling carbon dioxide out of the air and holding it long-term in soil.
Writing in the July-August issue of the Journal of Environmental Quality Mitsch and co-author Blanca Bernal report that two 15-year-old constructed marshes in Ohio accumulated soil carbon at an average annual rate of 2150 pounds per acre--or just over one ton of carbon per acre
The rate was 70%faster than a natural control wetland in the area and 26%faster than the two were adding soil carbon five years ago.
And by year 15 each wetland had a soil carbon pool of more than 30000 pounds per acre an amount equaling
and human-made wetlands as they look for places to store or sequester carbon long-term. For more than a decade for example scientists have been studying the potential of no-tillage planting of pastures and other farm practices to store carbon in agricultural lands
Yet when created wetlands are discussed in agricultural circles it's almost always in the context of water quality.
If you happen to build a wetland to remove nitrogen for example then once you have it it's probably accumulating carbon too.
In fact wetlands in agricultural landscapes may sequester carbon very quickly because high-nutrient conditions promote the growth of cattail reeds
and other wetland big boys that produce a lot of plant biomass and carbon Mitsch says. Once carbon ends up in wetland soil it can also remain there for hundreds to thousands of years because of waterlogged conditions that inhibit microbial decomposition.
And carbon is a big deal--any carbon sinks that we find we should be protecting Mitsch says.
We've lost half of our wetlands in the United states so let's not only protect the wetlands we have remaining
but also build some more. At the same time he acknowledges that wetlands emit the powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) methane leading some to argue that wetlands shouldn't be created as a means to sequester carbon
and mitigate climate change. But in a new analysis that modeled carbon fluxes over 100 years from the two constructed Ohio marshes
and 19 other wetlands worldwide Mitsch Bernal and others demonstrated that most wetlands are net carbon sinks even
And among the best sinks were the wetlands in Ohio possibly due to flow-through conditions that promoted rapid carbon storage
It's easy to undervalue wetlands if we become too focused on just one of their aspects--such as
Instead people should remember everything wetlands do. We know they're great for critters and for habitat that's always been true.
Funding for the study came from the U s. Environmental protection agency the National Science Foundation Ohio State university and Florida Gulf Coast University.
These and many other questions are answered in the doctoral thesis of Kees Camphuysen from the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ.
She then flew to the north Sea in order to follow a fishing boat far out at sea. The next day her young had grown properly again. http://www. youtube. com/watch?
Other areas that could see pronounced animal movements are northeastern North america including around the Great lakes and north into Canada;
We also took into consideration major natural barriers such as the Great lakes in North america and the Amazon river in South america.
and is converted to energy for the ants says Frank Aylward a bacteriology graduate student and researcher with the Great lakes Bioenergy Research center.
forests peatlands and wetlands. The C-23 won't win any beauty contests--its pilots refer to it as a UPS truck with a bad nose job.
and sediment loss from no-till conventional tillage and reduced-input rotation watersheds in a study published online today in Soil science Society of America Journal.
and nutrient runoff in watersheds managed in three different ways--no-till conventional tillage (chisel-till) and reduced-input rotations.
In the current study researchers provided most of the nutrients to crops in the reduced-input watersheds by planting red clover and spreading manure instead of fertilizers.
As was expected the researchers found that soil loss was lowest in no-till watersheds. Reduced-input fields
To address the concern of dissolved P loss from no-till fields the researchers compared runoff from conventional tillage and no-till watersheds.
Also average total P loss from no-till watersheds was actually smaller than that from conventional tillage watersheds.
First Vitruvius an engineer for the Emperor Augustus and later Pliny the Elder recorded that the best maritime concrete was made with ash from volcanic regions of the Gulf of Naples (Pliny died in the eruption of Mt vesuvius that buried Pompeii
The researchers found states in the Corn belt (Iowa Illinois Indiana Ohio and Missouri) and the Great lakes (Minnesota and Wisconsin) where corn growth is fed primarily by rainfall would be subject to more intense but less frequent precipitation especially during the summer.
A liter of ethanol also translates into 1600 liters of ET water that might not directly replenish the local watershed.
They recommended dry lot and solid storage systems as preferred management strategies rather than anaerobic lagoons and deep bedding.
and even the survival of humankind warns the founding Chair of a new global organization created to narrow the gulf between leading international biodiversity scientists and national policy-makers.
IPBES will reduce the gulf between the wealth of scientific knowledge on declining natural world conditions
Each time a ship passes through more than 55 million gallons of water are used from Gatun Lake
One proposed measure is the reforestation of the watershed. To help planners and policy makers understand the effects of reforestation ASU scientists Silvio Simonit
Published this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) their study--Bundling ecosystem services in the Panama canal Watershed--examines precipitation topography vegetation
In parts of the watershed not currently under forest they found that reforestation of areas with high precipitation rates flat terrain
However they note that these conditions exist in less than 5 percent of watershed not currently under forest.
Water supply is however only one amongst many ecosystem services affected by reforestation of the watershed said Perrings a professor in the School of Life sciences in ASU's College of Liberal arts and Sciences.
if all existing grasslands were allowed to regenerate as natural forest there would be a reduction in dry-season flows across the watershed of 8. 4 percent compared to 11.1 percent
However the Panama canal Authority is not the only beneficiary of the watershed and water is not the only ecosystem service supplied.
and Travel to address this the Tanzania government now plans to build a gravel road across 50 km of the northern part of the park to link the country's coast to Lake victoria
It lives in aquatic habitats like freshwater wetlands and has developed corresponding highly specialized hunting methods.
Located on the shores of Lake victoria KJS contains three large well-preserved stratified layers of animal remains.
and are located in the Coweeta watersheds. Because of its dense evergreen foliage and dominance in riparian and cove habitats eastern hemlock plays an important role in the area's water cycle regulating stream flow year round.
For example environmentalists would like to see improvements at the watershed scale. If only isolated farmers need to be certified
These buyers insist that swathes of bare ground wider than a football field is long separate the leafy greens from rivers wetlands and other wildlife habitat.
They measured changes in wetlands and riverside habitat in the Salinas Valley between 2005 and 2009 finding 13.3 percent converted to bare ground crops or otherwise diminished.
and environmental advocates to make farm edges slim sanctuaries for wildlife as well as buffers between agricultural fields and waterways.
The waterways are also corridors for deer and other big animals moving between the high country of the Diablo Range and coastal Big sur mountains that flank the valley.
Wetlands and buffers of trees grasses and shrubs help to keep runoff from fields out of the waterways slowing erosion of soil and blooms of algae downstream.
An overabundance of fertilizer has created problems for domestic drinking water as well as the ecosystems of the Salinas River watershed and its outlet Monterey Bay.
California has a big problem with concentrated nutrients in waterways and there is a lot of pressure on growers to reduce those inputs
Boreal ecosystems encircle the planet's high latitudes covering swaths of Canada Europe and Russia in coniferous trees and wetlands.
In some areas like Lake County Forest Preserve District where Sacerdote-Velat works regularly ecologists and land managers have been committed to removing buckthorn from the area.
The images of fish consumption by white-lipped peccaries were taken by Douglas Fernandes in the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands one morning back in 2011.
On that day Fernandes a researcher for the Instituto Arara Azul a partner organization observed a group of approximately 30 white-lipped peccaries at Caiman Lodge near the town of Miranda in the Pantanal one of the world's largest tropical wetlands.
The white-lipped peccary is sized a medium animal that occurs in both humid tropical forests as well as open savanna and wetland habitats throughout Central and South america.
so stream levels don't fluctuate dramatically during either the wet and dry seasons even in cropland watersheds.
#Strengthening legumes to tackle fertilizer pollutionthe overuse of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture can wreak havoc on waterways health and the environment.
when sulfates in the oceans were decomposed by sulfur bacteria is believed to have played a significant role in several extinction events in particular the Great Dying at the end of the Permian period.
requiring a boat trip of two days along the region's stunning fjords to reach.
The organic salts used to make GUMBOS are not the familiar organic sea salt products sold for cooking and other uses.
but foster Gulf of mexico Dead Zonenew ORLEANS April 9 2013#The most serious ongoing water pollution problem in the Gulf of mexico originates not from oil rigs as many people believe but rainstorms and fields of corn and soybeans a thousand
An expert on that problem#the infamous Gulf of mexico#oedead Zone##today called for greater awareness of the connections between rainfall and agriculture in the Midwest and the increasingly severe water quality problems in the gulf.
and soybeans grow it stimulates the growth of plants in the water#algae in the Gulf.
The Gulf also seems to be more sensitive to the nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers that wash down the Mississippi river
Fish and shellfish either leave the oxygen-depleted water or die causing losses to commercial and sports fisheries in the Gulf she noted.
I annually bring water from the Gulf of mexico dead zone to a water ceremony at the Unitarian church in Baton rouge where it is combined with waters from others from all over the world and locally.
Each year I bring my intent to continue to work for water quality in the Mississippi river watershed and its coastal ocean.
but surprisingly short for a drop of water from the Gulf of mexico to be transported inland and then flow with other droplets down the river to the ocean.
#First expansion of sea potato seaweed into New Englandthere's a new seaweed in town a brown bulbous balloon befitting the nickname sea potato.
now researchers are keeping a close eye on the sea potato's progress to determine whether there is cause for alarm.
UNH graduate students Lindsay Green and Hannah Traggis discovered the rapid southern expansion of Colpomenia peregrina also known as sea potato or oyster thief during a SCUBA DIVING trip in Kittery Maine in the summer
In the summer of 2012 the sea potato had spread as far south as Sandwich Mass. on the north shore of Cape cod.
Ranging in size from just a few centimeters to the size of a soccer ball the sea potato is a greenish to yellowish brown sac that fills with air or water.
--and it's quickly become prominent in the rocky intertidal zone of the Gulf of Maine attached to common seaweeds like rockweed or Corallina officinalis also known as coral weed.
Colpomenia peregrina looks strikingly similar to a native species Leathesia marina or sea cauliflower. Sea potato however is smoother thinner and greenish-light brown
while sea cauliflower tends to be smaller stiffer brain-like and dark brown; the researchers turned to microscopy
and DNA analysis to make a definitive identification. Traggis and Green are quick to characterize the sea potato as an introduced not invasive species in New england waters.
Nonetheless its rapid expansion into the Gulf of Maine raises concern. The seaweed earned its oyster thief nickname after its introduction to France in the early 1900s led to significant damage to the oyster industry.
The seaweed was like a balloon attached to the oysters. Literally whole oyster beds disappeared because they floated away says Traggis a master's student from Buzzards Bay Mass.
while there's no need for citizens to eradicate the sea potato if they find it they shouldn't move it around.
The project was supported by the NH Sea Grant College Program and received partial funding from the New hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station at UNH.
A NASA C-20a piloted aircraft carrying the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) is wrapping up studies over the U s. Gulf Coast Arizona and Central and South america.
of wetlands across the greater Amazon river basin including Pacaya-Samiria National park in Peru. Pacaya-Samiria contains large expanses of flooded palm swamps Mcdonald said.
Other subsidence studies in New orleans and the Mississippi Delta are aimed at better understanding what causes Gulf Coast subsidence
The effects of acid rain can propagate through aquatic ecosystems such as lakes rivers and wetlands and terrestrial ecosystems including forests
and soils negatively impacting ecological health. Researchers have used now publicly accessible data collected weekly or monthly at numerous monitoring sites during the period from 1980-2010 to track wet deposition of nitrate and sulfate near several U s. and East Asian cities.
#Tiny grazers play key role in marine ecosystem healthtiny sea creatures no bigger than a thumbtack are being credited for playing a key role in helping provide healthy habitats for many kinds of seafood according to a new study
and Pine nut Mountains and from Reno south to Topaz Lake--an area collectively referred to as the Carson front.
and towns of the Lake Tahoe Basin were included. Nevada's Black bear History Unraveledin looking to integrate information on the historical demographics of black bears into their study the authors found that little published scientific research
In 1999 scientists at the Forest Service's Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New hampshire restored soil calcium levels to preindustrial levels in a small watershed in an effort
within 5 months of the application of wollastonite across a 30-acre watershed there was a substantial increase in forest water use compared to a nearby watershed that was treated not with calcium.
#Losing wetlands to grow cropsgetting enough to eat is a basic human need--but at what cost to the environment?
& Food security demonstrates that as their crops on higher ground fail due to unreliable rainfall people in countries like Uganda are increasingly relocating to wetland areas.
Unless the needs of these people are addressed in a more sustainable way overuse of wetland resources through farming fishing
In 2009 it was estimated that about a third of Uganda's wetlands had been lost to growing crops and grazing.
While the environmental significance of wetland loss is important so are National Food security targets and the Millennium Development Goal of halving the number of people who suffer from hunger by 2015.
In order to evaluate how people are using the wetlands researchers from Makerere University Uganda with financial support from IDRC surveyed residents living in either Lake victoria crescent Kyoga plains and South Western farmlands.
The survey revealed that more than 80%of people in these areas use wetland resources including collecting water catching fish hunting bush meat (Sitatunga a type of antelope
Over half admitted to growing crops in the nutrient rich soil wetlands with its ready water supply.
The families who were most likely to use the wetlands in this way were the ones who had the least access to other sources of food.
Large families were also at high risk of not having enough to Eat in these cases use of wetlands allows families to survive.
In designing sustainable use policies for wetlands the needs of humans also needs to be considered.
If we make simple adjustments to completely optimise the process biodiesel obtained by cultivating these marine microalgae could be an option for energy supplies to towns near the sea points out Sergio Rossi an ICTA researcher at the UAB.
Secondly they do need not fresh water as sea water is sufficient which makes them viable even in deserts or arid areas near the coast.
In the study Argerich and colleagues analyzed concentrations of stream nitrogen which despite regulations have been on the rise across the country as energy and food production release reactive forms of the compound into waterways.
The seasonally flooded grasslands around the Tonle Sap Southeast asia's largest freshwater lake are of great importance for biodiversity
The area around the Tonle Sap lake is the largest remaining tropical flooded grassland in Southeast asia.
To answer this question the researchers conclude that genetic samples are needed from all whales involved in strandings including from those individuals that do eventually make it back to sea.
or skim feeding) yet both feeding styles rely on a remarkable substance in the whales'mouths to filter nutrition from the ocean:
#Making fuel from bacteriain the search for the fuels of tomorrow Swedish researchers are finding inspiration in the sea.
Farmers use various water sources in the production of fresh fruits and vegetables including well water and different types of surface water such as river water or lake water--sources
or in the UK scheduled before the 2100 watershed they write. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by BMJ-British Medical Journal.
and snowfall thus delaying the onset of the monsoon rains until enough moisture can be moved in from the oceans.
The warming reduces the extent of polar sea ice and snow cover on the large land mass that surrounds the Arctic ocean thereby increasing the amount of solar energy absorbed by the no longer energy-reflecting surface.
and loss of sea ice and snow cover thus amplifying the base greenhouse effect. The amplified warming in the circumpolar area roughly above the Canada-USA border is reducing temperature seasonality over time
The specific name of the species refers to the type locality the town Kei Mouth located at the estuary of the Great Kei River in the Eastern cape Province.
and the Puget sound Blood Center (PSBC) has revealed how stresses of flow in the small blood vessels of the heart
In 2008 the Wildlife Conservation Society reported that the inaccessible Lake T l swamp forest in the Republic of the Congo was home to 125000 lowland gorillas--more than were thought to exist in the wild.
#Reduced sea ice disturbs balance of greenhouse gasesthe widespread reduction in Arctic sea ice is causing significant changes to the balance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
According to the study the melting of sea ice in the Arctic has a tangible impact on the balance of greenhouse gases in this region both in terms of uptake and release.
because globally plants and the oceans absorb around half of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the air through the use of fossil fuels.
The researchers observed that a vicious circle is formed when the sea ice melts. Normally the white ice reflects sunlight which then bounces out into space
but when the sea-ice cover shrinks the amount of sunlight reflected is reduced also. Instead a larger proportion is absorbed by the surface of the ocean
which causes warming that contributes to the rise in air temperatures around the Arctic. On the one hand the rising temperatures make vegetation grow more vigorously
In addition to the changes on land the present study shows that there are a number of uncertainties surrounding the effects of the melting ice on the amount of greenhouse gases exchanged by the ocean through natural processes.
We know very little about how the shrinking sea ice cover disturbs the balance of greenhouse gases in the sea in the long term says Dr Parmentier.
In the GCEP report Field and lead author Jennifer Milne describe a suite of emerging carbon-negative solutions to global warming--from bioenergy technologies to ocean sequestration.
The report also explored the possibility of sequestering carbon in the ocean with a particular focus on the problem of ocean acidification
Ocean acidification results from the increased uptake of atmospheric CO2 which causes seawater to become more acidic.
and other minerals could be added to the ocean to reduce acidity and sequester atmospheric CO2 absorbed in seawater.
Although the potential for CO2 sequestration in the ocean is associated large the risks to the marine environment need to be assessed adequately the authors concluded.
#Wetland trees a significant overlooked source of methanewetland trees are overlooked a significant source of the potent greenhouse gas methane according to a new study by researchers at The Open University and the Universities of Bristol and Oxford.
Wetlands are established a well and prolific source of atmospheric methane. Yet despite an abundance of seething swamps and flooded forests in the tropics ground-based measurements of methane have fallen well short of the quantities detected in tropical air by satellites.
Pangala and colleagues have shown that these common adaptations in wetland trees are two-way conduits that also allow soil gas to escape to the atmosphere.
This work challenges current models of how forested wetlands exchange methane with the atmosphere. Ground-based estimates of methane flux in the tropics may be coming up short
Establishing whether tree-mediated emissions of methane are ubiquitous in tropical wetlands is now the focus of a new three-year Natural Environment Research Council grant to Dr Gauci
It was discovered first in the vicinity of Lake victoria in East Africa in 1861 and was identified later
If we can put an anaerobic barrier at the point where a lagoon drains into the environment we will essentially exert selective pressure for the loss of antibiotic-resistant genes
when oceans are forming and continents are breaking apart. The continental arc volcanoes that arise during these periods are located on the edges of continents
The standard view of the greenhouse state is that you draw carbon dioxide from the deep Earth interior by a combination of more activity along the mid-ocean ridges--where tectonic plates spread--and massive breakouts of lava called'large igneous
whose research interests include the formation and evolution of continents as well as the connections between deep Earth and its oceans and atmosphere..
and he mentioned that 93.5 million years ago there was a mass extinction of deepwater organisms that coincided with a global marine anoxic event--that is the deep oceans became starved of oxygen Lee said.
Jerry was talking about the impact of anoxic conditions on the biogeochemical cycles of trace metals in the ocean but
The research was supported by the Packard Foundation the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute at the University of Tokyo the National Science Foundation and the Miller Institute at the University of California Berkeley.
This information helps us measure the health of our oceans that sustain albatross. Almost as amazing as being a parent at 62 is the number of miles this bird has logged likely--about 50000 miles a year as an adult
and pollution especially from garbage floating on the ocean. The birds ingest large amounts of marine debris--by some estimates 5 tons of plastic are fed unknowingly to albatross chicks each year by their parents.
or fingerprinted in other so-called proxy archives such as lake sediments speleothems and corals allow researchers to quantify climate variation prior to instrumental measurements.
This particular ecosystem between the earth and the sea plays a major role in protecting the particularly unstable muddy coastline (2) against erosion.
River lake and wetland ecosystems--encompassing approximately one-fifth of the Amazon basin area--are being degraded increasingly by deforestation pollution construction of dams
and waterways and over-harvesting of plant and animal species. The study was led by Dr. Leandro Castello a research associate at the Woods Hole Research center (WHRC) in collaboration with scientists from various institutions in the United states and Brazil.
and dams in its headwaters even though protected areas cover 26%of the catchment area. The pressures that the authors detail need to be addressed now before conservation opportunities are lost.
The Amazon watershed spans six countries with Brazil Bolivia and Peru accounting for most of the area.
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