Tropes

ScienceDaily_2013 10556.txt

#Farming carbon: Study reveals potent carbon-storage potential of human-made wetlandsafter being drained by the millions of acres to make way for agriculture wetlands are staging a small comeback these days on farms. Some farmers restore or construct wetlands alongside their fields to trap nitrogen and phosphorus runoff and research shows these systems can also retain pesticides antibiotics and other agricultural pollutants. Important as these storage functions of wetlands are however another critical one is being overlooked says Bill Mitsch director of the Everglades Wetland Research Park at Florida Gulf Coast University and an emeritus professor at Ohio State university: Wetlands also excel at pulling carbon dioxide out of the air and holding it long-term in soil. Writing in the July-August issue of the Journal of Environmental Quality Mitsch and co-author Blanca Bernal report that two 15-year-old constructed marshes in Ohio accumulated soil carbon at an average annual rate of 2150 pounds per acre--or just over one ton of carbon per acre per year. The rate was 70%faster than a natural control wetland in the area and 26%faster than the two were adding soil carbon five years ago. And by year 15 each wetland had a soil carbon pool of more than 30000 pounds per acre an amount equaling or exceeding the carbon stored by forests and farmlands. What this suggests Mitsch says is that researchers and land managers shouldn't ignore restored and human-made wetlands as they look for places to store or sequester carbon long-term. For more than a decade for example scientists have been studying the potential of no-tillage planting of pastures and other farm practices to store carbon in agricultural lands which cover roughly one-third of Earth's land area. Yet when created wetlands are discussed in agricultural circles it's almost always in the context of water quality. So what I'm saying is: let's add carbon to the list Mitsch says. If you happen to build a wetland to remove nitrogen for example then once you have it it's probably accumulating carbon too. In fact wetlands in agricultural landscapes may sequester carbon very quickly because high-nutrient conditions promote the growth of cattail reeds and other wetland big boys that produce a lot of plant biomass and carbon Mitsch says. Once carbon ends up in wetland soil it can also remain there for hundreds to thousands of years because of waterlogged conditions that inhibit microbial decomposition. And carbon is a big deal--any carbon sinks that we find we should be protecting Mitsch says. Then we're going even further by saying: We've lost half of our wetlands in the United states so let's not only protect the wetlands we have remaining but also build some more. At the same time he acknowledges that wetlands emit the powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) methane leading some to argue that wetlands shouldn't be created as a means to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change. But in a new analysis that modeled carbon fluxes over 100 years from the two constructed Ohio marshes and 19 other wetlands worldwide Mitsch Bernal and others demonstrated that most wetlands are net carbon sinks even when methane emissions are factored in. And among the best sinks were the wetlands in Ohio possibly due to flow-through conditions that promoted rapid carbon storage while minimizing methane losses the authors hypothesize. The concerns about methane emissions and even his own promising findings point to something else Mitsch cautions: It's easy to undervalue wetlands if we become too focused on just one of their aspects--such as whether they're net sinks or sources of GHGS. Instead people should remember everything wetlands do. We know they're great for critters and for habitat that's always been true. Then we found out they cleaned up water and could protect against floods and storms he says. And now we're seeing that they're very important for retaining carbon. So they're multidimensional systems --even though we as people tend to look at things one at a time. Funding for the study came from the U s. Environmental protection agency the National Science Foundation Ohio State university and Florida Gulf Coast University. Story Source The above story is provided based on materials by American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Crop science Society of America (CSSA. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e

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