Biology and Proteomics. Now we know the molecular triggers for how it occurs. Noel's co-senior investigator on the project Joanne Chory professor and director of Salk's Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology laboratory says the team found the molecular wake-up call for burned forests.
Wheat genome shows resistance genes easy to accessit's hard to go anywhere without a map--especially into the deep and complex world of genetics.
toward sequencing the wheat genome--a complete look at wheat's genetic matter. A physical map of a genome shows the physical locations of genes and other DNA sequences of interest.
Scientists use them to identify and isolate genes that are responsible for different traits such as disease resistance and days to maturity.
Wheat has the largest genome among crop plants and this is the biggest map as yet assembled for any organism animal
The next step in the process Gill said is to obtain funds to sequence the wheat genome
Researchers from the Center of Plant Genomics and Biotechnology at the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) and the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at the U s. Department of energy's Argonne National Laboratory report as an advance
#Tulip tree reveals mitochondrial genome of ancestral flowering plantthe extraordinary level of conservation of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) mitochondrial genome has redefined our interpretation of evolution of the angiosperms (flowering plants) finds research in biomed Central's open
This beautiful'molecular fossil'has a remarkably slow mutation rate meaning that its mitochondrial genome has remained largely unchanged
Evolutionary studies make used of mitochondrial (powerhouse) genomes to identify maternal lineages for example the human mitochondrial Eve.
Among plants the lack of genomic data from lineages which split away from the main evolutionary branch early on has prevented researchers from reconstructing patterns of genome evolution.
By sequencing the mitochondrial genome of L. tulipifera researchers from Indiana University and University of Arkansas discovered that its mitochondrial genome has one of the slowest silent mutation rates (ones
which do not affect gene function) of any known genome. Compared to humans the rate is 2000 times slower--the amount of genomic change in a single human generation would take 50000 years for the tulip tree.
The rate is even slower for magnolia trees taking 130000 years for the same amount of mitochondrial genomic change.
Prof Jeffrey Palmer who led this study explained By using the tulip tree as a guide we are able to estimate that the ancestral angiosperm mitochondrial genome contained 41 protein genes 14 trna genes seven trna
Based on this it appears that the genome has been more -or-less frozen in time for millions and millions of years.
Analysis of the honeybee genome suggests that they lack many of the immune-system genes of other insects raising the possibility that honeybees'use of medicine has been partly responsible
United states 517-432-4412 rosejo@msu. edulinking advances in genomics research mathematics and earth sciences as well as novel engineering technologies is imperative
A paper detailing their newly created sequencing of the mountain pine beetle's (MPB) genome will be gold in the hands of scientists trying to stem the beetle's invasion into eastern forests.
The journal Genome Biology has published the paper. We know a lot about how beetle infestations can devastate forests
It's the beetle's genome that will help us figure out exactly how it does its damage
The genome reveals large variations among individuals in the MPB species--about four times greater than the variation among humans.
The MPB genome allows us to examine the population differences for beetles at various parts of an outbreak.
The genome sequencing of the first North american pest bark beetle species in the Genus dendroctonus also uncovers a bacterial gene that has jumped into the MPB genome.
It is the first of the grass subfamily Pooideae to have sequenced a genome and it is used widely as a model plant for structural and functional genomic studies of grasses and cereals.
and SNP markers to the sequencing of the tomato genome. Using the new methods it took Mutschler-Chu 10 years to develop the first tomato line with enough acylsugar then four years to create a better series of 30 lines.
They describe evidence from an analysis of the recently published sorghum genome the complete set of genes in the plant
Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Science Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA and VA Greater Los angeles Healthcare System Beijing Genomics Institute in China Cytolumina Technologies
It is the first time a gene controlling an important agronomic trait has been isolated in the pearl millet genome.
Genes Genomics Genetics. The dwarf varieties are economically important in the U s. India and Africa in particular.
and Environmental sciences'Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics housed in the department of crop and soil sciences and the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences'department of plant biology.
which region of the pearl millet's genome contributed to growth and then compared that section to a similar section of DNA from sorghum.
and a complete map of its genome recently was released by Devos'UGA colleague Andy Patterson.
Comparative genome analysis a process in which an unmapped genome is compared to the genome of a similar
and more thoroughly described plant genome is a common method to help identify the functions of specific genes especially in crops for which little genetic resources are available.
and analyzed two ancestral wheat genomes of Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii respectively throwing light on the biology of the world's primary staple crop
However the extremely large size and polyploid complexity of the wheat genome has to date been a substantial barrier for researchers to gain insight into its biology and evolution.
and BGI presents the genome of Bread wheat (T. aestivum AABBDD) the progenitor of the Wheat A genome.
Using a whole-genome shotgun strategy and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) researchers identified a large set of gene models (34879) and abundant genetic markers with the potential to provide a valuable resource for accelerating deeper and more systematic genomic and breeding
The researchers also reported genomic evidence of the role of repeat expansion in the enlargement of genome size during the evolution of the Triticeae tribe of grasses.
which has contributed the D genome of common wheat. Around 8000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent it crossed with the tetraploid wheat T. turgidum (AABB) in rare hybridization events that resulted in the hexaploid wheat T aestivum.
and BGI focuses on the genome sequencing and analysis of the wild diploid grass Ae. tauschii.
They found that more than 65.9%of the Ae. tauschii genome was composed of 410 different transposable element (TE) families
and the expansion of the Ae. tauschii genome was relatively recent and coincided with the abrupt climate change that occurred during the Pliocene epoch.
Epigenetics refers to modifications in the genome that don't directly affect DNA sequences. Though some evidence has suggested that epigenetic changes can bypass DNA's influence to carry on from one generation to the next this is the first study to show that this epigenetic heritability can be subject to selective breeding.
because the enzyme targets a tiny piece of DNA--previously thought of as junk DNA--that had jumped from one area of the genome to another giving that little fragment power to unexpectedly turn on the gene.
We were just continually altering the epigenetic status of one of the two parental genomes every time.
a tiny piece of DNA that has leapt from one area of the genome to another.
and took tiny skin samples for genetic analysis in the lab. Co-authors Anne Yoder and Dave Weisrock both at Duke university at the time analyzed two mitochondrial and four nuclear DNA genes to figure out where the animals fit into the lemur family tree.
The study of the genome of the Longhorn and related breeds tells a fascinating global history of human and cattle migration.
Approximately 85 percent of the Longhorn genome is descended taurine from the ancient domestication of the wild aurochs that occurred in the middle East 8000-10000 years ago.
The other 15 percent of the genome is indicine from the other ancient domestication of the aurochs in India.
#Genomes of peregrine and saker falcons throw lights on evolution of a predatory lifestylein a collaborative study published online in Nature Genetics researchers from Cardiff University BGI International Wildlife Consultants Ltd
. and Abu dhabi Falcon Hospital have completed the genome sequencing and analysis of two iconic falcons the peregrine (Falco peregrinus) and saker (Falco cherrug).
They conducted whole genome sequencing and assembled the high quality 1. 2 Gb reference genomes for each falcon species. Phylogenic analysis suggested that the two falcon species might diverged 2. 1 million years ago.
Comparing with chicken and zebra finch researchers found the transposable element composition of falcons was most similar to that of zebra finch.
and zebra finch and comprise less than 1%of both falcon genomes. They also found that a gene expansion in the olfactory receptor Î-c clade in chicken
Observing genome-wide rapid evolution for both falcons chicken zebra finch and turkey researchers found that the nervous system olfaction
Shengkai Pan bioinformatics expert from BGI said The two falcon genomes are the first predatory bird genome published.
#Peach genome offers insights into breeding strategies for biofuels cropsrapidly growing trees like poplars and willows are candidate biofuel crops from
The close relationship between peach and poplar trees is evident from their DNA sequence said Jeremy Schmutz head of the Plant Program at the U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI.
In the March 24 edition of Nature Genetics Schmutz and several colleagues were part of the International Peach Genome Initiative (IPGI) that published the 265-million base genome of the Lovell variety of Prunus persica.
Using comparative genomics approaches characterization of the peach sequence can be exploited not only for the improvement
For bioenergy researchers the size of the peach genome makes it ideal to serve as a plant model for studying genes found in related genomes such as poplar one of the DOE JGI's Plant Flagship Genomes
whose leadership sequencing of the peach genome began back in 2007. In theory it could be manipulated in poplar to increase the accumulation of biomass.
The publication comes three years after the International Peach Genome Consortium publicly released the draft assembly of the annotated peach genome on the DOE JGI Plant portal Phytozome. net and on other websites.
The decision to sequence the peach genome was announced first during the 2007 Plant and Animal Genome XI Conference.
Learn more about poplar and DOE JGI Plant Flagship Genomes at http://genome. jgi. doe. gov/programs/plants/flagship genomes. jsf.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Genetic analysis saves major apple-producing region of Washington statein August 2011 researchers from the U s. Department of agriculture were presented with a serious and potentially very costly puzzle in Kennewick Wash.
One larva was sent to Notre dame for genetic analysis. The study sought to compare Notre dame's genetic analysis to Yee's visual identification after the larvae had developed into adults.
Fortunately the fly identified Rhagoletis indifferens is known not to infest apples. The Notre dame group further demonstrated that it is possible to genetically identify the correct fly species within two days compared to the four months required to raise
In this effort when plant scientists searched the maize genome for clues as to why some plants can tolerate toxic aluminum in soil they found three copies of the same gene known to affect aluminum tolerance according to new USDA/Cornell-led research.
Lead author Lyza Maron a senior research associate at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Cornell also collaborated with researchers at the University of Florida Gainesville the University of Missouri Arizona Genomics Institute
Copy number variation is documented well in the human genome Kochian said and maize does a lot of this so there are probably many examples.
#Scientists map genome of fungus that causes Dutch elm diseaseresearchers from the University of Toronto and Sickkids Research Institute announced today that they have mapped successfully the genes in the fungus that causes Dutch elm disease.
The findings published in this week's online journal BMC Genomics could help scientists figure out how to prevent the fungus from destroying elm trees in the future.
We hope that the availability of the genome will encourage and speedup research on this fungus--it's only a matter of time before most the elm trees are gone.
#Whole genome sequencing of wild rice reveals the mechanisms underlying oryza genome evolutionin a collaborative study published online March 13 in Nature Communications researchers from Institute of Genetics
and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences BGI-Shenzhen and University of Arizona have completed the genome sequencing of wild rice Oryza brachyantha.
This work provides new insights for researchers to understand the function and evolution of Oryza genomes.
The Genus oryza is an idea model system for studying plant comparative genomics evolutionary biology and functional biology.
It was also proved to have the most compact genome in the Genus oryza suggesting the genome may not experience many changes after the divergence of Oryza species. In this study researchers generated a high-quality reference genome sequence of O. brachyantha (261mb)
and 96%genome sequences are anchored on 12 chromosomes based upon BAC-based physical map. After the comprehensive analysis they found that the compact genome of O. brachyantha was caused by the silencing of LTR (Long terminal Repeats) retrotransposons and massive internal deletions of ancient elements.
Compared with the rice genome the team found that many gene families were expanded in rice where tandem duplications
and gene movements mediated by double-strand break repair are responsible for the amplification of these genes.
and tandem duplications further expanded by transposable element insertions contributed to transition from euchromatin to heterochromatin in the rice genome reflecting the dynamic nature of the Oryza genomes.
Quanfei Huang Project Manager from BGI said This work revealed many important genomic mechanisms underlying Oryza genome such as the genome size variation gene movement and transition of euchromatin
In the near future I believe there will be more genomes of Oryza species to be cracked enabling the Genus oryza be unparalleled an system for functional and evolutionary studies in plants.
#oewith relevant genes integrated in the right place in cyanobacteria s genome we have tricked the cells to produce butanol instead of fulfilling their normal function#he says.
He says that the use of engineering methods to build genomes of microorganisms is a relatively new area.
and the Fiehn Metabolomics Laboratory of the UC Davis Genome Center confirmed tobacco was smoked and likely grown in the region by at least A d. 860.
Co-authors of the study with Tushingham at UC Davis include Jelmer W. Eerkens a professor of anthropology whose research centers on hunter-gatherers and Oliver Fiehn professor in the department of molecular and cellular biology and the genome center.
and information on their genome is scarce. The cucumber Family cucurbitaceae includes many of our favorite foods:
and mined their presence in 989 fully sequenced genomes. In a previous study researchers in Caetano-Anoll s's group used SCOP and genomic information to reconstruct phylogenomic trees that describe the history of the protein world.
For the current study the researchers identified protein sequences in the genomes that had the same folding structure as known proteins.
In addition the genome is available for a closely related species Brachypodium distachyon. Together the transcriptome and genome can be used as a reference for pinpointing differences in slender false brome genes
and gene activity that may contribute to its invasive capabilities. Slender false brome is an invasive grass that is native to Europe Asia and North africa.
#Selfish gene may undermine genome policefor a bunch of inanimate chemical compounds the nucleic and amino acids caught up in the infamous selfish segregation distorter (SD) saga have put on quite a soap opera for biologists
Genomes try to root out parasites like Responder by creating and dispatching proteins into the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
and not Responder As well as an out-of-control self-repeater in the genome Responder is surely no prize
Scientists have sequenced the active parts of the genome --or transcriptome--of primitively eusocial wasps to identify the part of the genome that makes you a queen or a worker.
Their work published in Biomed Central's open access journal Genome Biology shows that workers have a more active transcriptome than queens.
This suggests that in these simple societies workers may be the'jack-of-all-trades'in the colony--transcriptionally speaking--leaving the queen with a somewhat restricted repertoire.
and bees though further genome sequences and comparative data will help to resolve this controversy The dataset offers a first chance to analyse subfamily relationships across large numbers of genes
By pairing the genetic analysis with the long-term observations Gordon was able to determine the original queen and colony and the order in which the daughter queens and subsequent generations established new colonies.
#Tapping into the rubber plant genomea group of international scientists has sequenced the draft genome sequence of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis the major commercial source of natural rubber.
The manuscript describing the draft genome is published in BMC Genomics. Scientists have sequenced the draft genome sequence of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis the major commercial source of natural rubber.
Rubber is an indispensible commodity that is used in manufacture worldwide billions dollar industry. The plant has played a vital role in the world economy since 1876.
The manuscript describing the draft genome is published in BMC Genomics. The team identify around 12.7%of the almost 70000 genes as unique
Ahmad Yamin Rahman and colleagues believe that this draft genome information will accelerate the development of high-yielding natural rubber plants.
The study is featured on the cover of January's Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. The ability to comprehensively measure genes and proteins helps us understand the range of molecular machinery that a plant uses to do its life functions said ORNL's Robert Hettich.
Unlike an organism's genome which is the same for every cell and remains constant the proteome varies from cell to cell
#Genome sequence of 90 chickpea lines decodedin a scientific breakthrough that promises improved grain yields and quality greater drought tolerance and disease resistance and enhanced genetic diversity
a global research team has completed high-quality sequencing of not one but ninety genomes of chickpea.
Nature Biotechnology featured the reference genome of the CDC Frontier chickpea variety and genome sequence of 90 cultivated and wild genotypes from 10 different countries as an online publication on 27 january 2013.
The research milestone was the result of years of genome analysis by the International Chickpea Genome Sequencing Consortium (ICGSC) led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semiarid Tropics (ICRISAT) headquartered in Hyderabad Andhra
and low diversity genome regions that may be used in the development of superior varieties with enhanced drought tolerance and disease resistance.
The genome map can also be used to harness genetic diversity by broadening the genetic base of cultivated chickpea genepool.
ICRISAT and its partners have demonstrated once again the power of productive partnerships by achieving this breakthrough in legume genomics says Dr William Dar Director General ICRISAT.
along with other CGIAR Consortium members and program as well as national partners genome sequencing will play a crucial role in speeding up the development of improved varieties for smallholder farmer crops such as chickpea.
In the face of the growing global hunger and poverty amid the threat of climate change the chickpea genome sequence will facilitate the development of superior varieties that will generate more income
or wild species to breeding lines explains Dr Rajeev Varshney coordinator of ICGSC and Director--Center of Excellence in Genomics ICRISAT.
This genome sequence could reduce to half the time to breed for a new variety with market-preferred traits. he adds.
According to Professor Jun Wang Director of BGI The collaboration between BGI and ICRISAT has yielded significant achievements in orphan crops research like the pigeonpea genome before and now the chickpea genome.
The chickpea genome sequencing project was undertaken by the ICGSC led by ICRISAT the University of California-Davis (USA) and BGI-Shenzhen (China) with key involvement of national partners in India USA Canada Spain
The genomes of some 50 to 60 percent of the U s. population carry two copies of that very gene variant which previous studies have shown to confer a slightly increased risk of contracting type-2 diabetes.
This variant was one of 18 each found by other researchers to have a mild association with type-2 diabetes risk that the Butte team incorporated into its analysis. These gene/disease connections had been identified via so-called genome-wide association studies
In such analyses the genomes of large numbers of people with a disease are compared with those of people without it to see
The most well-studied gene variations are substitutions of one type of chemical unit of DNA for another one at a single position along the genome.
The genome contains millions of spots at which such differences occur so advanced statistical techniques must be employed to screen out frequency differences between the diseased and healthy groups that are at bottom the mere results of blind chance.
Unlike the genome which is huge but finite (about 3 billion chemical units long) the environment contains an infinite number of substances from dietary micronutrients to synthetic pollutants to
Scientists at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute have used genetic analysis to find that the natural forest corridors in India are essential to ensuring a future for these species. According to two studies recently published in two papers these corridors are successfully connecting populations of tigers
#Genome of diamondback moth provides new clues for sustainable pest managementan international research consortium led by Fujian Agriculture Forestry University (FAFU)
and BGI has completed the first genome sequence of the diamondback moth (DBM) the most destructive pest of brassica crops.
The completed genome sequencing of DBM will lay a solid foundation for tracking the evolutionary mechanisms of how an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore that can defense many insecticides. said Professor Minsheng You Vice president of FAFU and leader of the research team.
In this study researchers sequenced the genome of DBM by whole genome shotgun (WGS) and fosmid clones technologies yielding 343 Mb draft genome with 18071 predicted protein-coding genes.
Compared with other sequenced insect species they found that the diamondback moth possesses a relatively larger set of genes
Additionally the genome-based phylogeny demonstrated that DBM was a basal lepidopteran species which is supported well by its modal karyotype.
Based on the genomic data generated from 1000 male pupae researchers identified the genome-wide level of polymorphism within the sequenced DBM strain (Fuzhou-S)
Professor Jun Wang Executive director of BGI said The availability of a reference genome for a species is extremely important in the deeper understanding of its biology and evolution.
and have the first publicly accessible database of diamondback moth genome. I expect we could translate our achievements into real actions for sustainable pest management in the near future.
The complete genome sequence of diamondback moth is publicly available via visit http://www. iae. fafu. edu. cn/DBM.
Previous examples include the collaborative efforts to map the human genome and understand the nucleus of the atom at CERN.
#Schmallenberg virus genome engineered to understand how to reduce disease caused by the virusscientists engineer the Schmallenberg virus genome to understand how to reduce disease caused by the virus. Researchers from the MRC Centre for Virus Research at the University of Glasgow in Scotland have developed methods to synthesize
and change the genome of Schmallenberg virus (SBV). SBV is discovered a recently pathogen of livestock such as cattle sheep and goats.
and assemble the viral genome completely in a test tube in a form that can be introduced easily
This approach known as'reverse genetics'allowed them to control the viral genome and identify a gene (called NSS) involved in protecting the virus against the immune response of infected animals.
and control the SBV genome will allow the future development of new vaccines for this virus that is of great concern to European farmers.
and growing says Professor Dirk Prã fer head of the Department of Functional and Applied Genomics at the IME.
Intrigued by recent research on the Neanderthal genome that suggests more interbreeding with Homo sapiens than previously thought Pritchard wanted to develop a general method for estimating gene flow between different groups within the same species over time.
Much like DNA evidence has revolutionized criminal investigations often negating assumptions based on physical evidence advanced genetic analysis like Pritchard's can change
which builds on the first tomato genome sequence completed just two years ago shows in great detail how the processes of early domestication
UC Davis researchers also led an effort to sequence the genome of a wild relative of the cultivated tomato.
Analysis of the genome sequences of these 360 varieties and wild strains shows which regions of the genome were under selection during domestication and breeding.
An important finding is that specific regions of the tomato genome were depleted unintentionally in genetic variation:
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