Examples for such a combination of two genomes called allopolyploidy are found abundantly in both wild plants and crops like wheat rapeseed and cotton.
The researchers introduced resistance genes against two different antibiotics into nuclear genomes of the tobacco species Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana glauca
If complete genomes were transferred the new plants would contain the sum of the chromosome numbers of the two species. Indeed we found 72 chromosomes in the resistant plants Ralph Bock explains 72 is the sum of the 24 N. glauca
Thus grafting two species and selecting for horizontal genome transfer could become an interesting method for breeders who could use this approach to create new crop plants with higher yields
It could happen with new plant-breeding toolsince the first plant genome sequence was obtained for the plant Arabidopsis in 2000 scientists have sequenced gene everything from cannabis to castor bean.
and annotating genome sequences for plants at an amazing clip since breaking through with Arabidopsis the work has not been without challenges.
In documenting genome sequences scientists must sort through millions of bits of genetic code to identify what function each gene is responsible for (such as telling a plant how tall to grow
Plantseed will help plant scientists begin to make better use of genome information by helping them create consistently accurate models for all plant genomes contained in the database.
You can't really make as much use of the genome information as we should be able to until you can do that kind of modeling for plants as well he said.
Phaseolus genome lends insights into nitrogen fixationit doesn't take much to see that the problems of three little people doesn't add up to a hill of beans in this crazy world Humphrey Bogart famously said in the movie Casablanca.
To this end a team of researchers led by Scott Jackson of the University of Georgia Dan Rokhsar of the U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute Jeremy Schmutz of the DOE JGI
and analyzed the genome of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris. The project was supported by the U s. Department of energy
While we have much to learn about the application of genomics in agriculture this study is groundbreaking.
and assembled a 473-million basepair genome of the common bean. Though it is thought to have originated in Mexico the common bean was domesticated separately at two different geographic locations in Mesoamerica
The team then compared the high quality common bean genome against the sequence of its most economically important relative soybean.
They also noted that the common bean's genome had evolved more rapidly than soybean's since they diverged from the last common ancestor nearly 20 million years ago.
These findings provide information on regions of the genome that have been selected intensely either during domestication or early improvement and thus provide targets for future crop improvement efforts.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and compared the genome sequences of ten diverse citrus varieties including sweet and sour orange along with several important mandarin and pummelo cultivars.
The U s. Department of energy Joint Genome Institute (DOE JGI) contributed to the citrus pilot project Gmitter said harnessing their expertise in plant genomics
The genomes presented in the published study included pummelos oranges and mandarins. One of the sequences was the high-quality reference genome of Clementine mandarin sequenced by an international consortium including Genoscope in France the Institute for Genomic Applications in Italy the DOE JGI and the Hudsonalpha Institute for Biotechnology with contributions
from researchers in Spain and Brazil. Another was the sweet orange genome produced jointly by researchers at the DOE JGI the University of Florida and 454 Life sciences a Roche company.
By understanding the relationships between the various cultivated species with what they describe as very narrow genetic diversity the researchers hope to enable sequence-directed improvement
and the Mediterranean cultivar Willowleaf with mandarins known to be developed hybrids indicated that all contain segments of the pummelo genome.
The wild Mangshan mandarin from China is an exception to the rule as its genome revealed it was in fact a separate species from other cultivated mandarins.
when he spoke at the DOE JGI's 7th Annual Genomics of Energy & Environment Meeting in March 2012.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and Biological sciences Research Council were part of a global team that has decoded the genome sequence--the entire genetic make-up--of domestic sheep for the first time.
This team--the International Sheep Genomics Consortium--compared the sheep's genes with those of other animals--including humans cattle goats and pigs.
The BBSRC-funded ARK-Genomics facility--which is part of Edinburgh Genomics at the University of Edinburgh--provided a substantial body of sequence data including information on
Professor Alan Archibald Head of Genetics and Genomics at The Roslin Institute said: Sheep were one of the first animals to be domesticated for farming
#3, 000 rice genome sequences made publicly availablethe open-access open-data journal Gigascience (published by BGI
and Biomed Central) announces the publication of an article on the genome sequencing of 3000 rice strains
This work is the completion of stage one of the 3000 Rice Genomes Project a collaborative effort made up of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
since the completion of the first high-quality rice genome sequence in 2005 there has been limited change in breeding practices that are important for producing improved and better adapted rice strains.
The 3000 Rice Genomes Project provides a major step forward for addressing these challenges by creating and releasing an extensive amount of genetic information that can ultimately be applied to intelligent breeding practices
Dr. Zhikang Li the Project Director at CAAS stated that the 3000 Rice Genomes Project is part of an ongoing effort to provide resources specifically for poverty-stricken farmers in Africa
As a scientist in rice genetics breeding and genomics it would be a dream to help to solve this problem.
BGI is dedicated to applying genomics technologies to make a fast controllable and highly efficient molecular breeding model possible.
According to IRRI director general Dr. Robert Zeigler access to 3000 genomes of rice sequence data will tremendously accelerate the ability of breeding programs to overcome key hurdles humankind faces
which can then be linked to genetic markers in the now available genome sequences. Current breeding practices which have remained essentially the same
We didn't have that ability before we had the genome sequence. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by South dakota State university.
Mitchell described corn as a good candidate crop for the industry because of the plant's bounty of seeds and well-characterized genome
The three-year study included cell culture studies at Rice as well as a detailed analysis of gene expression profiles of more than 500 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas and protein-expression profiles from about 200
and frequently referred to as microsatellites are highly variable sections of the genome.''Sequence repeat'refers to the fact that a nucleotide motif is repeated.'
Because these markers typically have high rates of molecular evolution the number of repeats present in the genome often differs between individuals.
and between populations of a single species. Scientists at Hendrix College have determined the location of a set of SSR regions that were originally found in the chloroplast genome of two species of pines.
Importantly all loci used in this study were from the plastid genome. Nuclear markers have historically been difficult to work with in pines explains Willyard.
Although the nuclear genome is important to fully understand evolutionary relationships in plants nuclear data sets are very difficult to obtain for large numbers of individuals
By showing which primers were conserved in regions of the genome they were able to suggest that many of these loci are likely to be useful in other groups.
As the result of recent improvements in technology for genetic modification of pigs genes that are immunogenic for humans have been eliminated('knocked out) and several human genes have been added to the pig genome.
Because of its importance and impact on forestry the mountain pine beetle's genome has been sequenced recently. Using this new resource authors Janes et al. examined how the pine beetle could undergo such rapid habitat range expansion
and if population genetics and the cataloguing of genome wide mutations could shed any light on possible molecular causes of the outbreak.
Microsatellite markers mutate easily as they do not have any discernible purpose in the genome
which regions of the lettuce genome were responsible for these desirable characteristics. As a result of this research the scientists have initiated a breeding programme in
A new study in the March issue of The Plant Genome demonstrates a potentially more powerful approach to answering them.
#First peanut genome sequencedthe International Peanut Genome Initiative--a group of multinational crop geneticists who have been working in tandem for the last several years--has sequenced successfully the peanut's genome.
Scott Jackson director of the University of Georgia Center for Applied Genetic Technologies in the College of Agricultural and Environmental sciences serves as chair of the International Peanut Genome Initiative or IPGI.
The new peanut genome sequence will be available to researchers and plant breeders across the globe to aid in the breeding of more productive and more resilient peanut varieties.
The effort to sequence the peanut genome has been underway for several years. While peanuts were bred successfully for intensive cultivation for thousands of years relatively little was known about the legume's genetic structure because of its complexity according to Peggy Ozias-Akins a plant geneticist on the UGA Tifton campus who also works with the IPGI
and is director of the UGA Institute of Plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics. Until now we've bred peanuts relatively blindly as compared to other crops said IPGI plant geneticist David Bertioli of the Universidade de Brasã lia.
Because its ancestors were two different species today's peanut is a polyploid meaning the species can carry two separate genomes designated A and B subgenomes.
To map the peanut's structure researchers sequenced the genomes of the two ancestral parents
and then used by the IPGI to better understand the peanut genome. The genomes of the two ancestor species provide excellent models for the genome of the cultivated peanut.
A. duranenis serves as a model for the A subgenome of the cultivated peanut while A. ipaensis represents the B subgenome.
Knowing the genome sequences of the two parent species will allow researchers to recognize the cultivated peanut's genomic structure by differentiating between the two subgenomes present in the plants.
Understanding the structure of the peanut's genome will lay the groundwork for new varieties with traits like added disease resistance and drought tolerance.
In addition these genome sequences will serve as a guide for the assembly of the cultivated peanut genome that will help to decipher genomic changes that led to peanut domestication which was marked by increases in seed number and size.
The genome sequence assemblies and additional information are available at http://peanutbase. org/files/genomes/./The International Peanut Genome Initiative brings together scientists from the U s. China Brazil India
and Israel to delineate peanut genome sequences characterize the genetic and phenotypic variation in cultivated and wild peanuts and develop genomic tools for peanut breeding.
The initial sequencing was carried out by the BGI Shenzhen China known previously as the Beijing Genomics Institute.
Assembly was done at the BGI the USDA-ARS in Ames Iowa and at the University of California Davis. The project was funded by the peanut industry through the Peanut Foundation and by MARS Inc. and three Chinese academies (Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural
and genomics it also has the potential to be a large step forward for stabilizing agriculture in developing countries said Dave Hoisington program director for the U s. Agency for International Development Feed the Future Peanut
With the release of the peanut genome sequence researchers will now have much better tools available to accelerate the development of new peanut varieties with improved yields
Saze is analyzing genomes of these rice strains. He is also using plant incubators in his unit to shorten the vegetation period of the new rice.
Experts from the University of Veterinary medicine Vienna analysed the genomes of the outbreak strains and were able to show that the strains displayed distinct properties
and analysed the genomes of both strains and assessed their virulence the ability to infect cells.
The paper CYP6 P450 enzymes and ACE-1 duplication produce extreme and multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae published in PLOS Genetics today highlights the combination of stringently-replicated whole genome transcription
#Loblolly pine genome is sequenced largest ever: Seven times bigger than the human genomethe massive genome of the loblolly pine--around seven times bigger than the human genome--is the largest genome sequenced to date and the most complete conifer genome sequence ever published.
This achievement marks the first big test of a new analysis method that can speed up genome assembly by compressing the raw sequence data 100-fold.
The draft genome is described in the March 2014 issue of the journal Genetics and the journal Genome Biology.
Loblolly pine is the most commercially important tree species in the United states and the source of most American paper products.
The genome sequence will help scientists breed improved varieties and understand the evolution and diversity of plants.
But the enormous size of the pine's genome had been an obstacle to sequencing efforts until recently.
It's a huge genome. But the challenge isn't just collecting all the sequence data.
The problem is assembling that sequence into order said David Neale a professor of plant sciences at the University of California Davis who led the loblolly pine genome project
and is an author on the GENETICS and Genome Biology articles. Modern genome sequencing methods make it relatively easy to read the individual letters in DNA but only in short fragments.
In the case of the loblolly 16 billion separate fragments had to be fit back together--a computational puzzle called genome assembly.
We were able to assemble the human genome but it was close to the limit of our ability;
seven times bigger was said just too much Steven Salzberg professor of medicine and biostatistics at Johns hopkins university one of the directors of the loblolly genome assembly team who was also an author on the papers.
The scale of the problem can be compared to shredding thousands of copies of the same book
This approach allowed the team to assemble a much more complete genome sequence than the draft assemblies of two other conifer species reported last year.
This will enable the loblolly to serve as a high-quality reference genome that considerably speeds along future conifer genome projects.
The loblolly genome data have also been freely available throughout the project with public releases starting back in June 2012.
The new sequence confirmed that the loblolly genome is so large because it is crammed full of invasive DNA elements that copied themselves around the genome.
Approximately 82%of the genome is made up of these and other repetitive fragments of sequence.
The genome also revealed the location of genes that may be involved in fighting off pathogens which will help scientists understand more about disease resistance in pines.
The megagenomes of conifers are a challenge to sequence. Thanks to the important innovations described in these articles the draft genome of the loblolly pine is not only the largest ever assembled its quality is impressive.
It paves the way for assembly of even larger genomes said Mark Johnston Editor-In-chief of the journal GENETICS.
Loblolly pine plays an important role in American forestry. Now that we've unlocked its genetic secrets loblolly pine will take on even greater importance as we look for new sources of biomass to drive our nation's bioeconomy
The loblolly genome project was led by a team at the University of California Davis and the assembly stages were led by Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland.
since the ability to scan entire genomes became possible and even commonplace in recent decades.
This raises the strong possibility that there are other variants out there perhaps in regions of the genome we haven't yet examined Tishkoff said.
From Bones to Genomes March 16-18. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Pennsylvania.
Ian Tizard Donald Brightsmith) at Texas A&mâ##s College of Veterinary medicine & Biomedical sciences have completed the first-ever draft genome assembly for a wild bobwhite quail named Pattie-Marie
and assembling the bobwhite quail genome the team produced the most comprehensive resource currently available for cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in the bobwhiteâ#Seabury says.
because prior to this we had no ability to use whole-genome technologies to monitor levels of genetic diversity over time define the genetic relationships among existing populations
and physiology. â#oenow we can peel back new layers of science to thoroughly look at many different levels of the quail problem including the utilization of whole-genome information for monitoring modern genetic diversity reconstructing historic population trends
National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Grant (DBI-0922391) supported graduate students Jina Song and Punith Naik from the College of Engineering;
The NIH-UDP is a program of NIH's National Human genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Office of Rare Diseases Research and Clinical Center.
Pierson and his colleagues at the NIH-UDP and Emory University used a recently developed technique called exome sequencing which focuses on this functional part of the genome.
Genome-scale sequencing is a powerful new tool in medical diagnostics. The data it returns
The rapid bench-to-bedside story of the GRIN2A variation in this family is an example of the coalescence of expertise in medicine medical genomics and basic science around a single child.
and the Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP) is studying the tolerance of trees using molecular and biotechnological tools.
The Yellowstone animals passing through this system of testing are critical to conserving the diversity of the bison genome over the long term.
The theory that humans inhabited the Bering land bridge for some 10000 years helps explain how a Native american genome (genetic blueprint) became separate from its Asian ancestor O'Rourke says.
The study found that the unique genome or genetic blueprint of Native americans arose sometime before 25000 years ago
while its genome differentiated from the parental Asian genome O'Rourke says. The researchers suggested Beringia as the location for this isolated population and suggested it existed there for several thousand years before members of the population migrated southward into the rest of North
Several other genetic-genomic analyses of Native american populations have resulted in similar conclusions he adds. For a long time many of us thought the land bridge was a uniform tundra-steppe environment--a broad windswept grassland devoid of shrubs
Joining Zhang on the project are Dr. Hongbin Zhang Texas A&m professor of plant genomics and systems biology and director of the Laboratory for Plant Genomics and Molecular genetics;
With the continuing rise of resistance the research published in the journal Genome Biology is key as scientists say that this knowledge could help improve malaria control strategies.
and pyrethroids and mosquitoes from a laboratory fully susceptible strain and did a genome wide comparison study.
#Pond-dwelling powerhouses genome points to biofuel potentialduckweed is a tiny floating plant that's been known to drive people daffy.
Now the genome of Greater Duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) has given this miniscule plant's potential as a biofuel source a big boost.
In a paper published February 19 2014 in the journal Nature Communications researchers from Rutgers University the Department of energy Joint Genome Institute and several other facilities detailed the complete genome
S. polyrhiza turns out to have one of the smallest known plant genomes at about 158 million base pairs and fewer than 20000 protein-encoding genes.
That's 27 percent fewer than Arabidopsis thaliana--which until recently was believed to be the smallest plant genome--and nearly half as many as rice plants.
A thorough understanding of the genome and cellular mechanisms of S. polyrhiza could greatly enhance current efforts to recruit duckweed as a biofuel source.
This genome was sequenced as part of a DOE Office of Science JGI Community Science Program (CSP project (formerly the Community Sequencing Program.
The sequencing of this genome opens new frontiers in the molecular biology of aquatic plants said Messing.
or biochemistry of photosynthesis. The placement of the Spirodela genome as a basal monocot species will serve as a new reference for all flowering plants.
The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Joint Genome Institute. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
It is now clear that most of its genome jumped from birds very close to 1918 in the Western hemisphere
They show that about 92 per cent of the population harbors bacteria with a variant of the gene sequence according to a survey of public genome data from 250 adult humans.
Large-scale genome sequencing efforts like the Human Microbiome Project have focused on the community of microorganisms that live in the human gut.
The fieldwork and surveys in Ton Pariwat Wildlife Sanctuary by the team of Dutch and Thai botanists are part of ongoing research on the genomics systematics biogeography and evolution of tropical Asian Oaks
The results which appear today in BMC Genomics provide new insight into the debate between nature and nurture according to Grozinger.
and el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agropecuarias y Pecuarias sent the nine samples to Intertek laboratory in Bremen Germany for genetic analysis.
William H. Vensel of the Western Regional Research center in Albany Calif. provided proteomics expertise as did Joshua Wong of University of California Berkeley.
#RNA sequencing of 750-year-old barley virus sheds new light on the Crusadesscientists have sequenced for the first time an ancient RNA genome--of a barley virus once believed to be only 150 years old--pushing its origin
and sequenced the RNA genome of Barley Stripe Mosaic virus (BSMV) in a 750-year-old barley grain found at a site near the River Nile in modern-day Egypt.
Although ancient DNA genomes have been sequenced before ancient RNA genomes have not been as RNA breaks down more rapidly than DNA--generally around 50 times as fast.
and this has allowed the scientists to successfully sequence its genome. Using the new medieval RNA to calibrate estimates of the rate of mutations the researchers were able to trace the evolution of the Barley Stripe Mosaic virus to a probable origin of around 2000 years ago but potentially much further back to the domestication
The researchers believe that the Medieval BSMV genome came from a time of rapid expansion of the plant disease in the Near east and Europe.
The study published in PLOS ONE discovered that Herdwicks contained features of a'primitive genome'found previously in very few breeds worldwide
and BGI the world's largest genomics organization jointly announced today that they have completed the genome sequencing of water buffalo
Considering the importance of buffalo and realizing the need of genomic research for its improvement Lal Teer Livestock took a great effort for The Whole Genome Sequencing of Water buffalo in collaboration with BGI since March 2012.
The joint efforts yielded a high-quality water buffalo genome with the size of about 2. 77gb slightly smaller than human genome.
Researchers compared buffalo genome with other mammals'such as cattle horse panda pig and dog for discovering more genetic characteristics of water buffalo and providing guidance for its breeding and industrial transformation.
We are pleased to form partnership with Lal Teer Livestock to decode this important animal said Professor Jian Wang President of BGI BGI is dedicated to using genomics technology to benefit human beings
which edits out errors in replicated genomes. As a result viruses such as TRSV generate a flood of variant copies with differing infective properties.
and Genomics (UPM-INIA) and led by Araceli DÃ az Perales has studied the allergy to peach the most common food allergy and the Pru p 3 protein.
About 92 per cent of the population harbours bacteria with a variant of the gene sequence according to the researchers'survey of public genome data from 250 adult humans.
and a short-fiber plant then zeroed in on a region of the genome that sat directly on top of one the phytochrome genes.
because agriculture accounts for 24-to-28 percent of the countryâ##s gross domestic productâ#said Abdurakhmonov who also serves as director of the Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics at the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
Applying the most recent developments in cacao genomics they were able to identify a small set of DNA markers called SNPS (pronounced snips) that make up unique fingerprints of different cacao species. The technique works
The study also broke new ground for the speed of the genetic analysis carried out at the James Hutton Institute.
These two very different personas are remarkable adaptations of a single genome to distinct environments.
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