and depend on forest-bound species for pollination and dispersal. Their conservation will depend on our ability to protect large areas of old-growth forests.
and vegetable crops rely on pollination by bees and other insect species--and the future of many of those species is uncertain.
We've developed a set of metrics that we think offers a comprehensive overview of pollination efficiency
The researchers conducted a pilot study using their comprehensive approach to assess the pollination performance of various bee species on economically important highbush blueberry crops in North carolina.
Particularly in the context of the crisis-stricken honeybee populations the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris is being bred on an industrial scale for the pollination of fruit and vegetable crops both inside and outside greenhouses.
and crop pollination--but the Dartmouth study is the first to do so for albedo or the surface reflection of incoming solar energy.
The study also has implications for understanding the effects of climate change on plant pollination.
The pills were administered along with the first vaccination given during the first eight weeks following birth.
Although administration of iodine to the mother passed an astonishing amount of the trace element from the mother's breast milk to the child the iodine concentration in the urine of the baby was well below the critical threshold just nine months after birth.
Shortly after birth the infants had a much better iodine status than their mothers; however the values were still under the minimum threshold needed by the body.
The strategy undertaken in the study to give the iodine capsule regularly at the time of the first vaccination after birth is also a highly promising approach that could become an official recommendation.
Laid out on the same design as those above it the timber structure contains an open space in the center that links to the nativity story of The buddha himself.
Some scholars he said have maintained that The buddha was born in the third century B c. We thought'why not go back to archaeology to try to answer some of the questions about his birth?'
Buddhist tradition records that Queen Maya Devi the mother of The buddha gave birth to him
The pillar which still stands bears an inscription documenting a visit by Emperor Asoka to the site of The buddha's birth as well as the site's name--Lumbini.
http://video. nationalgeographic. com/video/news/history-archaeology-news/buddha-birth-vin/Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by National geographic Society.
and royal jelly but also to those dedicated to crop pollination and queen bee breeding. The researcher specialized in bee genetics points out that the developed technology was published recently on INIFAP we are in process of validation using field tests with beekeepers
or ph and pollination syndromes said lead author Yelenik who earned her doctorate from UCSB's Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and now works for the U s. Geological Survey's Pacific Island Ecosystems
Exposure to arsenic has been linked to a variety of health problems including cancer vascular diseases and low birth weight.
and therefore reduces honey production and even pollination efficiency. The team also found that the mandibular gland
Disinfection of the umbilical cord in lambs immediately after birth has also been effective. It prevents new bacteria from entering the bloodstream.
years to determine how subclinical hypocalcemia affected the health of the cows after they gave birth.
#Obesity among risk factors for delayed lactation in women with gestational diabetespre-pregnancy obesity and older maternal age are among the risk factors for delayed lactation for women with gestational diabetes mellitus
or diabetes during pregnancy and to determine whether pre-pregnancy weight was an independent risk factor even after the severity of their GDM was taken into account.
The women were enrolled between September 2008 and March 2011 in the Study of Women Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes (SWIFT) an ongoing study of Kaiser permanente Northern California members who experienced a diagnosis of gestational diabetes.
and was associated with pre-pregnancy obesity older maternal age and insulin treatment for GDM (which is indicative of greater severity of gestational diabetes).
Among the study group the average pre-pregnancy body mass index was 29.3 falling within the overweight category.
GDM is associated with higher pre-pregnancy weight. However even in this population being in the heaviest BMI category (i e. obese) increased the risk for delayed onset of lactation.
Gestational diabetes mellitus defined as glucose intolerance with first onset during pregnancy occurs in 7 percent of all U s. pregnancies
and almost 50 percent of women with a GDM pregnancy will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within five to eight years after pregnancy.
Heart valves are in motion from birth to death and are perhaps the most active connective tissue in the body.
In developing countries in particular nitrogen fertilization rates are spiraling upward driving up fossil-fuel consumption Deluca said.
Although modest in comparison to modern fertilization the observation that cyanobacteria could drive the productivity of these boreal floodplain systems so effectively for so long makes one question
by star birth in the outer fringes. Initially a rapid star-forming period formed the mass at the center of these galaxies followed later by a star-forming phase in the outer regions.
The galaxies in the study known as red and dead for their red color and lack of new star births have a surprising amount of ultraviolet light emanating from the outer regions.
The platypus lays eggs rather than gives birth to live young its snout is covered with electroreceptors that detect underwater prey
The study led by epidemiologists at the Stanford university School of medicine analyzed thousands of birth records and commercial pesticide application records for eight counties in California's heavily agricultural Central Valley.
if their mothers had lived in relatively close proximity to where pesticides were used while pregnant. Hypospadias is a genital malformation in
The researchers worked with data on births in the counties of Fresno Kern Kings Madera Merced San Joaquin Stanislaus and Tulare.
and Sacramento valleys has one of the highest rates of pesticide usage in the nationthe study population included all male infants born from 1991 to 2004 to mothers residing in any of the eight counties at the time of birth.
The study sample comprised 690 cases of hypospadias as well as 2195 controls randomly selected for comparison The researchers considered pesticides used within 500 meters of the mother's residence during weeks one to 14 of each pregnancy.
or if they appear later during lactation altered respiratory function has been found in those children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy
because their research has revealed that soil K testing is of no value for predicting soil K availability and that KCL fertilization seldom pays.
Test values fluctuated drastically did not differentiate soil K buildup from depletion and increased even in the complete absence of K fertilization.
Khan and his colleagues pointed out that KCL fertilization has long been promoted as a prerequisite for high nutritional value for food and feed.
whether K fertilization is needed. Based on published research cited in their paper they prefer the use of potassium sulfate not KCL.
There is growing concern regarding the global decline of honey bee populations and the implications of this demise for the pollination of crops.
In the future we may rely on other insect species to perform crop pollination services including naturally-occurring native
Pollination success of generalist plants tends to be positively related to pollinator diversity so any habitat modifications that increase the number of pollinating species present at a site would tend to be of some inherent value.
But changes in grazing pressure and pollination can also affect the genetic composition of natural plant populations according to a new study.
and pollination intensity determine whether the short or the tall primrose morph reproduces more successfully.
Even though we have antiretroviral drugs that can work to prevent mother-to-child transmission not every pregnant woman is being tested for HIV
Worldwide in 2011 an estimated 330000 children acquired HIV from their mothers during pregnancy or birth or through breastfeeding according to UNICEF.
of California Cooperative Extension in Salinas studied nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation management practices in fall-planted annual strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.
They also surveyed growers regarding their nitrogen (N) fertilization practices. Our primary objective was to document plant
Our research determined that current nitrogen fertilization practices did not efficiently match the crop N uptake pattern observed Hartz said.
and beans may increase their chance of becoming pregnant according to dietitians at Loyola University Health System (LUHS).
and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy. Thirty percent of infertility is due to either being overweight or underweight according to the National Infertility Association.
The study was conducted in premature infants born between 24 to 33 weeks gestation and weighing less than 1500 grams or three pounds.
Although the researchers saw a strong historical influence of carbon fertilization in carbon absorption that exchange does have its limits Saleska said.
#Unregulated, agricultural ammonia threatens U s. national parks ecologythirty-eight U s. national parks are experiencing accidental fertilization at
However no government regulations currently limit the amount of ammonia (NH3) that enters the atmosphere through agricultural fertilization or manure from animal husbandry
One in three mouthfuls of our food depend on bee pollination said lead author Dr John Bryden from the School of Biological sciences at Royal Holloway.
and safeguard future pollination services. Pesticides can have a detrimental effect on bees at levels used in the field said co-author Dr Nigel Raine.
For the first time it could be demonstrated with smoking pregnant women and their children how exposure to tobacco smoke affects the development of human immune system on molecular level.
For some time now the impact of environmental stressors during pregnancy on allergy risk among newborn children is a main research topic at Leipzig Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ.
Former studies have already proven that smoking during pregnancy can harm the unborn child: Newborns from smoking mothers have shown low birth weights and impaired lung functions;
later on in life respiratory diseases diabetes type II asthma or cardiovascular diseases were also more common. However the exact molecular mechanisms and processes that are behind such developments still struggle researchers.
To investigate the relationship between smoking mothers during pregnancy on the one hand and their children's risk of developing allergies on the other the scientists from Leipzig examined microrna-223 microrna-155 and regulatory T cells--not only in the blood samples of pregnant women (36 weeks pregnant
) but also at birth in the cord blood of their babies. At the same time questionnaires were filled out and urine samples of the pregnant women were tested to substantiate the effect from exposure to tobacco smoke
and/or from volatile organic compounds resulting from smoking. From the pool of mothers participating in the LINA-study 315 mothers (6. 6 percent of whom were smokers)
Now the immunologists from Leipzig explicate we will know more about the molecular processes that trigger off stressors from smoke during pregnancy.
#Understanding soil nitrogen management using synchrotron technologyas food security becomes an increasingly important global issue scientists are looking for the best way to maintain the organic matter in soils using different methods of fertilization and crop rotation.
Indeed fertilization has had a profound effect on humanity as a whole. The downside of nitrogen fertilization is that run off of nitrates to the surface waters or leaching of nitrates to groundwater cause problems with water quality and eutrophication in lakes.
The recent algal blooms on Lake Winnipeg are a prime example of this nitrogen pollution.
#Caribou may be affected indirectly by sea-ice loss in the Arcticmelting sea ice in the Arctic may be leading indirectly to fewer caribou calf births and higher calf mortality in Greenland according to scientists at Penn State university.
It may display dates of birth and death an image and an affectionate nickname. A t-shirt also is a way for people who aren't family
To obtain the snack researchers enriched apple slices with mandarin juice using a technology of impregnation developed
This was restoration not fertilization said Battles. We were only replacing what was lost. Researchers monitored the forest over the next 15 years comparing the treatment area with an adjacent watershed that had the same characteristics
Honeybees are one of the most important bee species in the world in terms of their contribution to food production through pollination.
These benefits may include for example reduced pollution outflow and erosion and better wind protection pest control and pollination.
and vegetable crops around the country in an approach known as managed pollination It involves placing bee hives in fields
when crops are ready for pollination. The biggest impacts from decreased hive numbers will be felt by farmers producing crops with high pollination requirements such as almonds.
Consumers may see a lowered availability of certain fruits and vegetables and some higher costs explained Fell.
Honeybees are not the only species of bee that can be used in managed pollination. If colonies continue declining Fell believes that there will be an increase in the use of other species including the bumble bee and alfalfa leafcutter bee.
In addition they are not as easily managed for pollination as the honeybee. The major advantages of using honeybees are ease of movement both in
By biasing fertilisation in favour of MHC-dissimilar males females increase the diversity of MHC within their offspring providing them with better disease resistance.
#Dieting for obese mothers just before pregnancy may not be enoughwhile there is never a bad time to address one's own obesity
According to new research published in the September 2013 issue of The FASEB Journal not only is dieting before getting pregnant not enough to prevent diabetes risks
One week after conception embryos from all of these sheep were transferred to normal weight normally nourished sheep for the remainder of pregnancy.
and urban areas and to enhance pollination services for crops and biodiversity. Under current agri-environment schemes the UK Government pays farmers to manage their land for the benefit of particular habitats
because the sugar gave them extra energy to handle the burden of pregnancy --but then had lower reproductive rates as the study progressed partly
and hopefully prevent the birth of the next pandemic S. aureus strain. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Microbiology.
because bees play a pivotal role in crop pollination agricultural yields and therefore food supply and prices.
and increasing the chance of pollination. An infrared camera from Goleta-based FLIR captured time-sequence thermal photography of Chanel as her spadix the tall core spike that houses both female and male flowers heated up to nearly human body temperature.
and pollination systems said Scott Hodges professor in the Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology.
Julia Calderã n-DÃ az a Phd candidate at University of College Dublin said pregnant sows placed on cushioned flooring would have a lower risk of being compared lame with sows placed on concrete.
In this experiment researchers studied the effects of two types of flooring on pregnant gilts in Ireland.
One hundred sixty-four pregnant gilts were divided into two groups. One group was housed on concrete slatted floors
The replacement gilts were observed from the time they were bred until 110 days into their pregnancy.
Dr. Alan Fahey a lecturer at the University college Dublin said the gilts were studied during two pregnancies.
The results were similar during both pregnancies. Sows housed on rubber mats had reduced a risk of swelling
In the European union pregnant sows must be housed group four weeks after breeding until one week before farrowing.
Calderã n-DÃ az said other countries are likely to use group housing for pregnant sows in the near future.
if the gestation period is said 12 months Tim Cole lead author and a biologist at the Woods Hole Laboratory of NOAA's Northeast Fisheries science Center (NEFSC).
The researchers further assumed a 12-month gestation period for North Atlantic right whales similar to that estimated for the closely-related southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) by the South african whale biologist Dr. Peter Best.
In late fall and early winter pregnant females migrate to waters off the southeastern U s. to give birth.
and the calves stay with their mothers for a year following birth Recovery of this endangered species depends on successful reproduction
whether an oil palm plantlet is a high-yielding palm Even with selective breeding 10 to 15 percent of plants are the low-yielding dura form due to uncontrollable wind and insect pollination particularly in plantations
and other insects--the pollination they carry out is essential for both natural ecosystems and agriculture.
Across the steps of the pollination process from patterns of bumblebee visits to plants to picking up pollen to seed production the researchers saw a cascading effect of removing one bee species
and imported bumblebees are essential for pollination of greenhouse crops such as tomatoes. They are used also to enhance pollination of other food crops such as strawberries
and are marketed now for use in people s gardens. The trade is large and widespread:
Taste preferences are evident shortly after birth with children preferring sweet and salty tastes first
Fisher recommends diversifying diets in pregnant and nursing women since diets are determined long before they taste their first bite of solid food.
But a Kansas State university researcher found that inflammation that occurs naturally in dairy cows the first few days after giving birth may play a surprisingly beneficial role in the complex process of going from late pregnancy to lactation.
Thinking that reducing inflammation during this period might be beneficial for the cow's transition from gestation to lactation plus limit metabolic disease Bradford
The researchers analyzed the expression of the entire Y-linked genes as the bull aged beginning soon after the bull's birth during puberty and then again after the bull matured.
His success story provides hope for other children born with this disorder an estimated 1 in 2100 births.
To test whether such a carbon dioxide fertilization effect was taking place in forests Keenan Richardson
Shortly before the birth of the iceberg the gap then widened bit by bit so that it measured around 540 metres at its widest point.
Contemporary nitrogen fertilization practices are not environmentally or economically smart says Busov who studies the functional genomics of plant development.
They can suck some of the excess nitrogen from crop fertilization out of ground water. That's good for the plants and good for nature the researcher observes.
or having a large birth-weight baby it takes longer for their milk to come in suggesting a role for insulin in the mammary gland.
or having a large birth-weight baby it takes longer for their milk to come in suggesting a role for insulin in the mammary gland.
because it is a very important element for children and pregnant women. The concentration of nutrients in animal food products is linked to the diets of the animals reared.
Iodine is necessary for the metabolism especially during pregnancy and infancy. Iodine deficiency can cause scurvy which has historically been a big problem the world over particularly in populations at a distance from the coast who did not eat much fish
In addition to some 7. 4 million lives saved the tobacco control policies we examined can lead to other health benefits such as fewer adverse birth outcomes related to maternal smoking including low birth weight
In normal pollination sperm-carrying pollen grains land on the pistil's tip or stigma and grow tubes down its style to reach the ovaries in the ovules at the pistil's base.
but fertilization often fails at the pollen tube burst -and-release step. Among crop plants pollination means food.
Understanding this molecular back-and-forth at all the different levels and stages will be useful to either engineer the process
#54%of pregnant women use insecticides that are harmful to the fetus, Spanish study showspregnancy and infancy are the periods of greatest vulnerability to the use of household insecticides.
Spanish researchers have described the use of domestic pesticides during pregnancy and the first year of life in nearly 2500 women and children in Sabadell Guipã zcoa and various areas of Asturias and the Valencian Community.
In 2003 and 2008 the authors monitored the women who agreed to take part in the project from the beginning of their pregnancy until birth and during their offspring's first few years of life.
Exposure during pregnancy or infancy proves to have a negative impact on fetal growth and neurological effects as well as increasing the risk of childhood leukemia she continues.
The results show that 54%of pregnant women used some kind of insecticide inside the home
5%throughout the whole year 75%seasonally and 20%on an occasional basis. The most frequently used method in the bedroom was the electric device at 62%.47%of pregnant women used insecticides in the rest
Only 1%of women used insect repellents during pregnancy. 10%of pregnant women used outdoor insecticides such as in gardens or vegetable plots and yards with plants:
53%during pregnancy and 26%during infancy. In contrast the use of the electric device remained constant.
or BPA causes increased inflammation in fat tissues after birth which can lead to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
The researchers fed two groups of pregnant sheep corn oil either with nothing added to it
The study of 50 pregnant women found detectable levels of organochlorines in all of the women participating in the study--including DDT PCBS
Most studies of environmental contaminants and child development wait until children are much older to evaluate effects of things the mother may have been exposed to during pregnancy;
-and low-income pregnant women living in and around Baltimore Md. At 36 weeks of pregnancy blood samples were collected from the mothers
and measurements were taken of fetal heart rate and motor activity. The blood samples were tested for levels of 11 pesticides and 36 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds.
and after birth said Dipietro. Fetal heart rate and motor activity associations with maternal organochlorine levels:
. However recently there has been a lot of concern that the decline of pollinators might result in pollination limitation of insect-pollinated crops.
'Rachael Winfree a leading pollination scientist from Rutgers University New jersey USA comments'This is an interesting timely and comprehensive study that tests several ecological hypotheses to answer an important question:
and behavior among rhesus macaques at UC Davis. The team was able to determine exact timing of birth
Shorter lactation periods could mean shorter gaps between pregnancies and a higher rate of reproduction.
The announcement now in its sixth year coincides with the anniversary of the birth of Carolus Linnaeus--the 18th century Swedish botanist responsible for the modern system of scientific names and classifications.
and vegetables depends on animal pollination and we know that most crop pollination is done by wild pollinators.
Biodiversity is important to ensuring we don't lose that service. Relying on a few species could be risky in a changing environment he added.
or to the quality of the pollination services they provide to wildflowers or agricultural crops.
and skin cancers and has been associated with other conditions as well including heart disease type 2 diabetes cognitive deficits and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
#Early formula use helps some mothers breastfeed longerrecent public health efforts have focused extensively on reducing the amount of formula babies are given in the hospital after birth.
Women do not immediately produce high volumes of milk after childbirth. Instead at first mothers secrete small amounts of colostrum
The study enrolled 40 full-term newborns between 24-48 hours old who had lost more than 5 percent of their birth weight.
when their mothers began producing mature milk approximately two to five days after birth. At the one week assessment all the babies in both groups were still breastfeeding.
Indeed he believes farmers will benefit from healthy pollinator populations as they provide substantial economic benefits to crop pollination.
For instance Kikuyu women in Africa smear themselves with the sap of fig trees to ensure pregnancy..
While 50 years of inorganic fertilization did increase soil organic carbon stocks in a long-term experiment in western Kansas the practice seemingly failed to enhance soil aggregate stability--a key indicator of soil
Fertilization typically leaves behind more crop residues in fields he explains which in turn can boost soil organic carbon levels.
When he tested soils from the experimental plots he saw soil organic carbon concentrations rise gradually with increases in nitrogen fertilization at soil depths from 0 to 6 inches although not at deeper ones.
Similarly phosphorus fertilization increased soil organic carbon at depths of 0 to 3 inches and 6 to 12 inches.
Because tillage periodically disturbs the soil it may also negate any benefits of fertilization. Blanco is now testing these hypotheses in three additional long-term experiments in Nebraska that encompass a wider range of tillage practices
The hypothesis is that inorganic fertilization combined with conservation tillage--strip till no-till and others--may improve soil structural properties relative to conventional tillage systems.
Parenting starts from birth. What could have a greater impact than that? Less effective Yang said are parenting strategies that employ negative reinforcement such as belittling a teenager threats physical discipline
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