The researchers analysed a database of 6255 accidents of this type. Drivers must understand that many roads pass through the habitats of these species
and gene sequences uploaded to gene databases adding to the pool of data available for comparison by scientists trying to unravel the origin of novel viruses.
Data for neighbors siblings and spouses were drawn from administrative records using the Utah Population Database a multifaceted data resource used by health researchers.
A total of 375 gardeners were linked to BMI information in the database; once linked driver's license records were used to build a sample of neighbors--individuals matched for age gender
In Jordan for example building codes have been changed to require wastewater recycling to be incorporated into new construction. In Morocco government subsidies for efficient drip irrigation technologies are used also as a lever to encourage farmers to grow value-added crops that make better use of scarce water.
and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
and providing recommendations to minimize exposure should continue to be incorporated as part of children's routine medical care noted Jeffrey Fadrowski MD MHS co-author of the study and an assistant professor in Pediatric Nephrology at the Johns Hopkins School of medicine.
The study has been published recently in the peer review open access journal Zookeys with distribution data available via Canadensys.
and data GPS data Google earth data and his own months-long work in the region Washam found that his study area in the Grand canyon is being safeguarded and protected.
The study involved a reexamination of 46 research papers published between 1957 and 2010 as well as an analysis of 409 soil profiles from the National Soil Carbon Network database.
Corn and cotton have been modified genetically to produce pest-killing proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt for short.
Compared with typical insecticide sprays the Bt toxins produced by genetically engineered crops are much safer for people
Although Bt crops have helped to reduce insecticide sprays boost crop yields and increase farmer profits their benefits will be short-lived
Bt crops were grown first widely in 1996 and several pests have already become resistant to plants that produce a single Bt toxin.
To thwart further evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops farmers have shifted recently to the pyramid strategy:
As reported in the study the pyramid strategy has been adopted extensively with two-toxin Bt cotton completely replacing one-toxin Bt cotton
His home institution the Center for Agricultural Research for Development or CIRAD is interested keenly in factors that could affect pest resistance to Bt crops in Africa.
For their experiments the group collected cotton bollworm--also known as corn earworm or Helicoverpa zea-a species of moth that is a major agricultural pest and selected it for resistance against one of the Bt toxins Cry1ac.
when Carriã re's team put them on pyramided Bt cotton containing Cry2ab in addition to Cry1ac.
and some other pests that are not highly susceptible to Bt toxins to begin with. The team found violations of other assumptions required for optimal success of the pyramid strategy.
In particular inheritance of resistance to plants producing only Bt toxin Cry1ac was dominant which is expected to reduce the ability of refuges to delay resistance.
Refuges consist of standard plants that do not make Bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests Under ideal conditions inheritance of resistance is not dominant
According to Tabashnik overly optimistic assumptions have led the EPA to greatly reduce requirements for planting refuges to slow evolution of pest resistance to two-toxin Bt crops.
#Even graphene has weak spotsgraphene the single-atom-thick form of carbon has become famous for its extraordinary strength.
The kryptonite to this Superman of materials is in the form of a seven-atom ring that inevitably occurs at the junctions of grain boundaries in graphene where the regular array of hexagonal units is interrupted.
At these points under tension polycrystalline graphene has about half the strength of pristine samples of the material.
They could be important to materials scientists using graphene in applications where its intrinsic strength is a key feature like composite materials and stretchable or flexible electronics.
Graphene sheets grown in a lab often via chemical vapor deposition are almost neverperfect arrays of hexagons Yakobson said.
Domains of graphene that start to grow on a substrate are lined not necessarily up with each other
Most common of the defects in graphene formation studied by Yakobson's group are adjacent five-and seven-atom rings that are a little weaker than the hexagons around them.
Graphene is usually a quilt made from many pieces. I thought we should test the junctions.
and good old mathematical analysis that in a graphene quilt the grain boundaries act like levers that amplify the tension (through a dislocation pileup) and concentrate it at the defect either where the three domains meet or where a grain boundary between two domains ends.
And graphene is a brittle material so a crack might go a really long way.
For graphene we call this a pseudo Hall-Petch because the effect is very similar
because you cannot avoid the effect in polycrystalline graphene. It's also ironic because polycrystals are considered often
If you need a patch of graphene for mechanical performance you'd better go for perfect monocrystals
or graphene with rather small domains that reduce the stress concentration. Co-authors of the paper are graduate student Zhigong Song and his adviser Zhiping Xu an associate professor of engineering mechanics at Tsinghua.
The big developers who are responsible players in the industry would be in favor of this regulation
Endres said that developers also do not want to spend a lot of money to commercialize a biofuels plant that's going to cause trouble later on--they want to do that analysis beforehand
Quinn said We want to encourage developers to commercialize only those species that will carry a low risk of invasion.
but also protects developers from potential losses due to findings of negligence down the road. Our plan gives them an opportunity to develop something safe early in the process she said.
We want to shift developers'incentives to make sure that they're doing an assessment of the invasiveness before they go too far down the development stage
(1. 5 terabytes) are available in the Gigascience database Gigadb in a citable format (see:
http://dx. doi. org/10.5524/100050 and http://dx. doi. org/10.5524/100054) and are available as raw reads in the NCBI SRA database (Accession#SRP005973 and SRP005974.
Hybrid ribbons a gift for powerful batterieshybrid ribbons of vanadium oxide (VO2) and graphene may accelerate the development of high-power lithium-ion batteries suitable for electric cars and other demanding applications.
The high-conductivity graphene lattice that is literally baked in solves that problem nicely he said by serving as a speedy conduit for electrons and channels for ions.
The atom-thin graphene sheets bound to the crystals take up very little bulk. In the best samples made at Rice fully 84 percent of the cathode's weight was the lithium-slurping VO2
One challenge to production was controlling the conditions for the co-synthesis of VO2 ribbons with graphene Yang said.
The process involved suspending graphene oxide nanosheets with powdered vanadium pentoxide (layered vanadium oxide with two atoms of vanadium and five of oxygen) in water and heating it in an autoclave for hours.
while the graphene oxide was reduced to graphene Yang said. The ribbons with a weblike coating of graphene were only about 10 nanometers thick up to 600 nanometers wide and tens of micrometers in length.
These ribbons were the building blocks of the three-dimensional architecture Yang said. This unique structure was favorable for the ultrafast diffusion of both lithium ions
A separate study led by the Feder lab details how the apple maggot fly was introduced recently into the Pacific Northwest region of the U s. likely via larval-infested apples from the East.
Sequoia based on IBM Bluegene/Q architecture is the first machine to exceed one million computational cores.
It also is No. 2 on the list of the world's fastest supercomputers operating at 16.3 petaflops (16.3 quadrillion floating point operations per second.
what computer scientists call strong scaling OSIRIS obtained 75 percent efficiency on the full machine. But when the total problem size was increased
http://www. nap. edu/catalog. php? record id=18264story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by National Academy of Sciences.
To do this they looked at all known protein structures as defined in the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database
and vegetables so that the image analysis software can assign common features to a database. The process involves photographing an image of the different fruits removing the background
Suggestions for Improved Regulation the authors also advocate liability for industry developers who fail to show due diligence in evaluating the potential invasiveness of a new cultivar.
This will help take the expense of noxious weed control away from taxpayers while protecting conscientious biofuels developers some of
Through large database searches his team eventually was able to find a similar chromosome in the Mbo a population living in a tiny area of western Cameroon in Sub-saharan africa.
Ongoing data capture will continue to expand the bee database so that statistical analyses can be applied across a broader geographic area
#Short algorithm, long-range consequencesin the last decade theoretical computer science has seen remarkable progress on the problem of solving graph Laplacians--the esoteric name for a calculation with hordes of familiar applications
The 2004 paper required fundamental innovations in multiple branches of mathematics and computer science but it ended up being split into three papers that
Overcoming resistancea graph Laplacian is a matrix--a big grid of numbers--that describes a graph a mathematical abstraction common in computer science.
Paradigm shiftdaniel Spielman a professor of applied mathematics and computer science at Yale university was Kelner's thesis advisor
Suppose also that every time you polished off a jug of two percent you would be stocking up on raw material to make anything from a cell phone case and golf tees to a toy castle and a garlic press.
Robertson's meticulous database is probably the oldest of its type for flower-visiting insects.
These kinds of adaptations of existing structures are common in natural history notes Robert Berwick a co-author of the paper who is a professor of computational linguistics in MIT's Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems in the Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science.
#Excavation set to shed new light on Londons Victorian pastfrom a clay smoking pipe to Neolithic flint a 19th century garden has been revealing some of its secrets to an archaeological team from London's Kingston University.
The team studied 19th century maps from English Heritage archives comparing them with aerial photographs taken during WORLD WAR II by the Royal air force as well as more modern day Google earth images.
The above story is provided based on materials by Kingston University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
Visual reconstruction of the placental ancestor--a small insect-eating animal--was made possible with the help of a powerful cloud-based and publicly accessible database called Morphobank.
Researchers recorded observational traits for 86 placental mammal species including 40 fossil species. The resulting database contains more than 12000 images that correspond to more than 4500 traits detailing characteristics like the presence or absence
I think this database is amazing because it's being presented in such a way that it will be reproducible for the future generations Bloch said.
Bing Shen postdoctoral research associate; Benjamin Slotnick graduate student; and Kelley Liao a graduate student who began work on the project as undergraduate.
#Benefits of Bt corn go beyond rootworm resistanceengineered to produce the bacterial toxin Bt Bt corn resists attack by corn rootworm a pest that feeds on roots
But besides merely protecting against these losses the Bt trait has boosted also corn yields in some cases beyond normal expectations.
Fred Below and Jason Haegele of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign set out to answer that question by determining how Bt corn uses nitrogen in the soil.
and with better root systems it's possible that Bt corn uses nitrogen differently than non-resistant strains the scientists hypothesized in turn affecting corn production.
The study published February 6 in Crop science showed just that--Bt corn had higher yields and used nitrogen more efficiently than non-resistant corn.
With its resistance to corn rootworm Below explains Bt corn has healthier and more active roots than corn without the resistance trait.
Additionally Bt corn would fare better at current levels of nitrogen use in the United states. In 2010 the average nitrogen application rate for corn production was around 140 lb/acre say Haegele and Below.
The healthy roots and efficient nutrient use of Bt corn could lead to changes in management practices that would further increase production.
With the Bt corn though you can protect the root system and grow more plants.
In addition to its utility in crop production Below is hopeful that Bt corn will open up new avenues of research as scientists begin to better understand root systems.
The elephants in the database are semi-captive animals working in the timber industry by pushing and dragging logs.
It was part of a research project that won the youths honors in the Intel Science competition.
if laboratories striving to grow graphene from carbon atoms kept winding up with big pesky diamonds.
when it becomes graphene. And boron clumps aren't nearly as sparkly. Yakobson and his Rice colleagues have made progress toward 2-D boron through theoretical work that suggests the most practical ways to make the material
Earlier calculations by the group indicated 2-D born would conduct electricity better than graphene.
Yakobson's lab first reported in a Nano Letters paper last year that unlike graphene 2-D boron rolled into a nanotube would always be metallic.
Also unlike graphene the atomic arrangement can change without changing the nature of the material.
Instead of the steady rank-and-file of hexagons in a perfect graphene sheet 2-D boron consists of triangles.
Here we have conceived a material that resembles graphene but is always conductive no matter what form it takes.
or gold substrates in a process called chemical vapor deposition commonly used to make graphene.
Then like graphene these atom-thick boron sheets could be applied to other surfaces for testing and ultimately for use in applications.
For example 2-D boron is more conductive than graphene because of its unique electronic structure and atomic arrangement.
In fact comparing (boron) with graphene is very helpful he said. The state-of-art synthesis methods for graphene provide us good templates to explore 2-D boron synthesis. Yakobson is thinking a step beyond the current work.
There are many groups at Rice and elsewhere working on 2-D boron he said. To appreciate this work you have to stand back
and contrast it with graphene; in some sense the synthesis of graphene is trivial. Why?
Because graphene is given a God material he said. It forms at the global minimum (energy) for carbon atoms--they go there willingly.
But boron is a different story. It does not have a planar form as a global minimum
another new paper from Rice on a hybrid graphene-hexagonal boron nitride shows the need for a 2-D semiconductor to complement the material's conducting
and their plant development environment adds the researcher. According to the author the discovery of this insect-plant relationship is especially important for establishing conservation methods both for these species and others that share the same development environment.
According to the entomologist hoverflies are present in practically all terrestrial ecosystems and they carry out very important biological functions such as pollination nutrient recycling
We tried to provide a zoomable view like Google maps so you can look at the system from various perspectives Abraham said.
Joseph Nichols a research associate in the center worked on the newly installed Sequoia IBM Bluegene/Q system at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories (LLNL) funded by the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program of the National
At the one million-core level previously innocuous parts of the computer code can suddenly become bottlenecks.
Back then he worked on the Cray Y-MP one of the fastest supercomputers of its time.
The computer code used in this study is named Charles and was developed by former Stanford senior research associate Frank Ham.
The materials at play--graphene and hexagonal boron nitride--have been merged into sheets and built into a variety of patterns at nanoscale dimensions.
Graphene has been touted as a wonder material since its discovery in the last decade. Even at one atom thick the hexagonal array of carbon atoms has proven its potential as a fascinating electronic material.
Graphene-based electronics require similar compatible 2-D materials for other components and researchers have found hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) works nicely as an insulator.
H-BN looks like graphene with the same chicken-wire atomic array. The earlier work at Rice showed that merging graphene
and h-BN via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) created sheets with pools of the two that afforded some control of the material's electronic properties.
He has concluded since that the area of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene has grown significantly and will play out as one of the key exciting materials in the near future.
His prediction bears fruit in the new work in which finely detailed patterns of graphene are laced into gaps created in sheets of h-BN.
The interface between elements seen clearly in scanning transmission electron microscope images taken at Oak ridge National Laboratories shows a razor-sharp transition from graphene to h-BN along a subnanometer line.
After the masks were washed away graphene was grown via CVD in the open spaces where it bonded edge-to-edge with the h-BN.
While there's much work ahead to characterize the atomic bonds where graphene and h-BN domains meet and to analyze potential defects along the boundaries Liu's electrical measurements proved the components'qualities remain intact.
And the graphene still looks very good. That's important because we want to be sure
which they combed large public databases to compare people with or without high blood-glucose levels--a defining marker of type-2 diabetes--in pursuit of differences between the two groups'exposures to myriad environmental substances.
and have produced a climate change guidebook and Web portal for climate science information. The main objective is to get science in the hands of managers
#New insight into graphene grain boundariesusing graphene--either as an alternative to or most likely as a complementary material with--silicon offers the promise of much faster future electronics along with several other advantages over the commonly used semiconductor.
However creating the one-atom thick sheets of carbon known as graphene in a way that could be integrated easily into mass production methods has proven difficult.
When graphene is grown lattices of the carbon grains are formed randomly linked together at different angles of orientation in a hexagonal network.
These boundaries scatter the flow of electrons in graphene a fact that is detrimental to its successful electronic performance.
Beckman Institute researchers Joe Lyding and Eric Pop and their research groups have given now new insight into the electronics behavior of graphene with grain boundaries that could guide fabrication methods toward lessening
The researchers grew polycrystalline graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy for analysis to examine at the atomic scale grain boundaries on a silicon wafer.
We obtained information about electron scattering at the boundaries that shows it significantly limits the electronic performance compared to grain boundary free graphene Lyding said.
Grain boundaries form during graphene growth by CVD and while there is much worldwide effort to minimize the occurrence of grain boundaries they are a fact of life for now.
Boundary free graphene is a key goal. In the interim we have to live with the grain boundaries
Lyding compared graphene lattices made with the CVD method to pieces of a cyclone fence.
The research involved Pop's group led by Beckman Fellow Josh Wood growing the graphene at the Micro
In the paper the researchers were able to report on their analysis of the orientation angles between pieces of graphene as they grew together
and the GBS are continuous across graphene wrinkles and Si02 topography. They reported that analysis of those patterns indicates that backscattering
and intervalley scattering are the dominant mechanisms responsible for the mobility reduction in the presence of GBS in CVD-grown graphene.
Lyding said that the relationship between the orientation angle of the pieces of graphene and the wavelength of an electron impinges on the electron's movement at the grain boundary leading to variations in their scattering.
The more difficult you make that the lower the quality of the electronic performance of any device made from that graphene.
At study baseline the team assessed the participants'dietary patterns by calling each of them by telephone four or five times during a 10-month period and asking them about their diets over the previous 24 hours.
Blueberries and strawberries can easily be incorporated into what women eat every week said Eric Rimm D. Sc. senior author and Associate professor of Nutrition and Epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public health in Boston Mass.
It has developed resistance to against more than 50 insecticides including DDT Bt toxins among others making the use of chemicals as a control measurement become ineffective.
and have the first publicly accessible database of diamondback moth genome. I expect we could translate our achievements into real actions for sustainable pest management in the near future.
The complete genome sequence of diamondback moth is publicly available via visit http://www. iae. fafu. edu. cn/DBM.
#Graphene oxide soaks up radioactive waste: U s.,Russian researchers collaborate on solution to toxic groundwater woesgraphene oxide has a remarkable ability to quickly remove radioactive material from contaminated water researchers at Rice university
A collaborative effort by the Rice lab of chemist James Tour and the Moscow lab of chemist Stepan Kalmykov determined that microscopic atom-thick flakes of graphene oxide bind quickly to natural and human-made radionuclides
Graphene oxide's large surface area defines its capacity to adsorb toxins Kalmykov said. So the high retention properties are not surprising to us he said.
which it can react there is a greater likelihood that the'magic'will happen with graphene oxide than with a big old hunk of bentonite said Steven Winston a former vice president of Lockheed martin
The lab tested graphene oxide synthesized at Rice with simulated nuclear wastes containing uranium plutonium
Even so graphene oxide proved far better than the bentonite clays and granulated activated carbon commonly used in nuclear cleanup.
Graphene oxide introduced to simulated wastes coagulated within minutes quickly clumping the worst toxins Kalmykov said.
which are needed for cell phones Tour said. China owns the market because they're not subject to the same environmental standards.
Where you have huge pools of radioactive material like at Fukushima you add graphene oxide
Graphene oxide burns very rapidly and leaves a cake of radioactive material you can then reuse.
The low cost and biodegradable qualities of graphene oxide should make it appropriate for use in permeable reactive barriers a fairly new technology for in situ groundwater remediation he said.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
The academics from the University's School of Computer science have run a series of workshops for schoolteachers aiming to transform the teaching of computing in schools.
Raspberry Pi was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the aim of improving teaching of basic computer science in schools.
Dr David Rydeheard from the School of Computer science said: This is an exciting development taking computing out of its box
The combination of Raspberry Pi and Piface creates a cheap personal laboratory for computer science that every child can own.
Now the team led by Dzurak has discovered a way to create an artificial atom qubit with a device remarkably similar to the silicon transistors used in consumer electronics known as MOSFETS.
Postdoctoral researcher Menno Veldhorst lead author on the paper reporting the artificial atom qubit says It is really amazing that we can make such an accurate qubit using pretty much the same devices as we have in our laptops and phones.
and Bed bug Patrol and how they can be incorporated into a bed bug management program. Curiously some of the active ingredients in Ecoraider and Bed bug Patrol are also found in some of the other tested products that exhibited very low rates of efficacy an indication that the products'inactive ingredients are also important.
The technique believed to be the first of its kind uses advanced computer technology to analyze photographs taken of root systems in the field.
The roots are photographed then against a black background using a standard digital camera pointed down from a tripod.
and have spreadsheets of results ready for study the next day. In the lab you are just seeing part of the process of root growth said Bucksch who works in the group of Associate professor Joshua Weitz in the School of Biology and School of Physics at Georgia Tech.
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