#Global database: Cattle genome cracked in detailby creating a global database an international consortium of scientists has increased the detailed knowledge of the variation in the cattle genome by several orders of magnitude.
The first generation of the new data resource which will be open access forms an essential tool for scientists working with cattle genetics and livestock history.
Ancestral bulls The data used in the huge database are derived from key ancestor bulls. These bulls have produced millions of descendants
For example Holstein bulls in the database have fathered at least 6. 3 million daughters worldwide. The data consist of sequenced genomes for a number of bulls
Currently the database contains genomes of more than 1200 animals of different cattle breeds but as more scientists from other countries gradually join the project there is a continual inflow of data.
so it is a considerable strength of the project that such data are connected into one database.
High level of detail What makes the database so special is the level of detail of the data.
With the new and detailed database we have over 30 million markers to work with.
New basis for genetic work The scientists explain that the database will become the standard reference within bovine genetics.
Only 8. 5 percent to 16.2 percent of the organisms discovered in the park soils depending on their type had been entered previously into existing databases that describe microbial life according to the study results published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society
and packing at electrode surfaces the team combined knowledge about graphene and organic crystals. Though it was difficult Briseno says they managed to get the necessary compounds to stack like coins.
We had exploited essentially every substrate possible until we finally succeeded with graphene he adds which happened by accident
Like his colleague Daniel Giddings Vassã£o Felipe Wouters is from Brazil where fall armyworm caused major losses of the maize yield before Bt maize was introduced.
According to a Reuters report this summer Brazilian farmers are complaining that Bt is not protecting the plants against the fall armyworm any longer.
The increasing resistance of pest insects to Bt is another reason to look deeper into the natural insect adaptations against plant defenses.
When searching a database for similar genes in other organisms the researchers found them in microbes from the human gut.
In the bioartificial liver under investigation blood is drawn from the patient via a central venous line
#Graphene imperfections key to creating hypersensitive electronic noseresearchers have discovered a way to create a highly sensitive chemical sensor based on the crystalline flaws in graphene sheets.
When a graphene lattice or sheet is formed its polycrystalline structure has random boundaries between the single-crystal grains.
But Salehi-Khojin and his colleagues showed that these imperfections are important to the working of graphene-based gas sensors.
They created a micron-sized individual graphene grain boundary in order to probe its electronic properties and study its role in gas sensing.
and accumulate there rather than on the graphene crystal making it the ideal spot for sensing gas molecules.
Salehi-Khojin said it should be possible to tune the electronic properties of graphene grain-boundary arrays using controlled doping to obtain a fingerprint response
After one year about 70 percent of all animals which were tested positive via lymph-PCR had been culled from their herds.
They collected data on leaf-change dates for several tree species both in Alaska using the USA National Phenology Network a free online database of seasonal-change observations recorded by scientists
The material is made of graphene nanoribbons atom-thick strips of carbon created by splitting nanotubes a process also invented by the Tour lab
This scanning electron microscope image shows the network of conductive nanoribbons in Rice university's high-density graphene nanoribbon film.
The graphene-infused paint worked well Tour said but where it was thickest it would break down
This scanning electron microscope image shows a closeup of the nanoribbon network in Rice university's high-density graphene nanoribbon film.
but testing showed the graphene nanoribbons themselves formed an active network when applied directly to a surface.
and Vladimir Volman an engineer at Lockheed martin. Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of materials science and nanoengineering and of computer science.
They then compared these sequences to sequences in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database and classified them based on evolutionary relationships.
and chemicals deep into underground rock formations are the subject of new research that synthesizes 165 academic studies and government databases.
and a new global database on power plants to create high-resolution planetary maps. These maps provide a scientific independent assessment of the planet's greenhouse gas emissions--something policy-makers can use
The research team combined information from space-based nighttime lights a new population database national statistics on fuel use
and a global database on power plants to create a CO2 emissions map broken down by hour year and region.
and meat-rich diets said Gretchen Daily the Bing Professor in Environmental science at Stanford and senior author on the paper.
Physicists find 2-D form pays no heed to defectsdefects damage the ideal properties of many two-dimensional materials like carbon-based graphene.
Like perfect graphene--but unlike imperfect graphene--it performs as expected. View 2-D phosphorus from above and it looks like graphene boron nitride or other dichalcogenides with its rows of hexagons.
But at an angle phosphorus reveals its true form as alternate atoms jut out of the matrix.
Now a comprehensive database of CWR for China exists and the priority species have been identified the next step is to systematically conserve their diversity in situ
Now a comprehensive database of globally important CWR exists thanks to this study. The inventory lists 173 crops and their 1667 priority wild relatives along with their particular traits.
They therefore quizzed adult smokers on the phone about their tobacco purchasing habits a year before the plain packaging policy was introduced in 2011;
and should be incorporated into different land use policies such as the Brazilian Forest Code programs for ecosystems payments or in socioenvironmental certification incentives.
and trends in their spread using global databases to investigate the factors that influence the number of countries reached by pests and the number of pests in each country.
and silenced with one spritz said one product reviewer on Amazon com. It's changed my life.
and hit the stores as Stop That for both dogs and cats available at Petsmart or through Amazon com.
Dr. Mahalingam is studying how wildland fire propagates in an effort to be able to more accurately model such fires via physically based computational models.
Everyone from government agencies to developers to forest managers to firefighters --and even potential evacuees--could benefit from reliable physically sound fire prediction tools.
Vizier a database where researchers can post their astronomical data was a starting point but since not everyone posts their data online many times Hinkel had to go to individual papers
Researchers at the University of California Davis have developed Easy Leaf Area--a free software written in an open-source programming language--to allow users to accurately measure leaf area from digital images in seconds.
and scale area from smartphone images explains Hsien Ming Easlon a researcher at UC Davis and one of the developers of Easy Leaf Area.
The digital images he uses are taken with the Apple IPHONE 4 but any current smartphone camera or digital camera will do.
Once the images are uploaded to a computer Easy Leaf Area can process hundreds of images and save the results to a spreadsheet-ready CSV file.
We figured out how to use Photoshop to measure areas in digital images but this method still required one to five minutes of human input per image.
#New test reveals purity of graphene: Scientists use terahertz waves to spot contaminantsgraphene may be tough
Because it's so easy to accidently introduce impurities into graphene labs led by physicists Junichiro Kono of Rice
They expect the finding to be important to manufacturers considering the use of graphene in electronic devices.
It was made possible by the Rice-based Nanojapan program through which American undergraduates conduct summer research internships in Japanese labs. Even a single molecule of a foreign substance can contaminate graphene enough to affect its electrical and optical properties
The researchers used it as a substrate for graphene. Hitting the combined material with femtosecond pulses from a near-infrared laser prompted the indium phosphide to emit terahertz back through the graphene.
Imperfections as small as a stray oxygen molecule on the graphene were picked up by a spectrometer.
The change in the terahertz signal due to adsorption of molecules is said remarkable Kono. Not just the intensity but also the waveform of emitted terahertz radiation totally and dynamically changes in response to molecular adsorption and desorption.
The laser gradually removes oxygen molecules from the graphene changing its density and we can see that Kono said.
The experiment involved growing pristine graphene via chemical vapor deposition and transferring it to an indium phosphide substrate.
Laser pulses generated coherent bursts of terahertz radiation through a built-in surface electric field of the indium phosphide substrate that changed due to charge transfer between the graphene and the contaminating molecules.
For any future device designs using graphene we have to take into account the influence of the surroundings said Kono.
Graphene in a vacuum or sandwiched between noncontaminating layers would probably be stable but exposure to air would contaminate it he said.
The Rice and Osaka labs are continuing to collaborate on a project to measure the terahertz conductivity of graphene on various substrates he said.
With a lower supply of coffee in the market prices rise and that favors fraud because of the economic gain says research team leader Suzana Lucy Nixdorf Ph d. In 2012 a study from the U k.'s Royal Botanic Gardens
Now however Nixdorf and her team at State university of Londrina in Brazil have developed a way to nip coffee counterfeiting in the bud.
because if there is a large amount of impurities they were added probably purposefully--not by accident as some producers claim says Nixdorf.
This gives her team a much closer look at the ingredients in an unbiased way according to Nixdorf.
when using chromatography that separates out the real coffee compounds says Nixdorf. The added unwanted grain fillers generate different levels of sugars than the natural ingredients
But the advent of smartphone apps with the facility to upload photos in real time which can be accessed easily on the go could be about to change that they say.
They used 450 photos of food/drink uploaded onto the Eatery app by 333 unique users in Europe and the US.
This app enables users to rate their meals on a basic sliding'healthiness'scale from'fit'(healthy) to'fat'(unhealthy)
and to rate the photos of other app users in the same way in a bid to help them improve the quality of their diet.
The expert raters'scores were compared then with those of the app users. The results showed that both sets of ratings were added similar to
which the app users'scores were in line with the national guidance. They gave the'eat more of'foods such as fruits
COMET-Farm is unique in that it allows non-experts to use very advanced methods databases and models for greenhouse gas inventory via a fully spatial user-friendly interface.
The lead software engineer on COMET-Farm CSU computer science alumnus Kevin Brown is the lead software engineer on COMET-Farm
and his team includes several CSU undergraduate students in computer science engineering and agriculture. The USDA report is the work of 38 experts in GHG estimation in the cropland grazing land livestock and forest management sectors across academia the USDA and other agencies of the federal government.
The patent-pending process was developed by NYU School of engineering Associate professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering Jin Kim Montclare along with Richard Bonneau an associate professor in NYU's Department of biology and a member of the computer science faculty
Through this technology we can build a database with a collection of viruses based on where they came from and
The bull analysis presented at this time is the first phase of the 1000 Bull Genomes project a database which is planned to incorporate the genomes of a thousand bulls from all over the world.
The inputs the researchers employed came from the US Department of agriculture databases among other resources. Using the US for this study is ideal says Milo
and as part of the planning process developers must now provide data on presence and abundance of this species and provide mitigation plans to prevent their disturbance before planning applications will be considered.
-and paleoendemism (CANAPE) while he was in Australia in 2011 to take advantage of the country's comprehensive plant database.
however with any good georeferenced database of species abundance and relatedness Mishler said. He Bruce Baldwin and David Ackerly UC Berkeley professors of integrative biology earlier this year received a $391000 three-year grant from the National Science Foundation to apply CANAPE to the state's plant databases
primarily that of the Consortium of California Herbaria. These new methods will allow assessment of conservation reserve coverage
Akhunov Shichen Wang a programmer and bioinformatics scientist in plant pathology and Jesse Poland assistant professor of plant pathology collaborated with the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium to order genes along the wheat chromosomes.
The oil can be incorporated into films and coatings for packaging both meat and fresh produce Sheng said.
Every death that occurs in the United states is recorded in a database managed by the National Center for Health Statistics.
Researchers compare it to the continued use of pens in the age of the word processor.
and they wanted to identify spatial patterns from the 136930 groundwater level observations from the Texas Water development Board's database.
Tour is Rice's T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry and professor of mechanical engineering and nanoengineering and of computer science.
For example manufacturers have announced plans for RRAM prototype chips that will be capable of storing about one terabyte of data on a device the size of a postage stamp--more than 50 times the data density of current flash memory technology.
We envision dozens of SPOTS on a space habitat said Dane Larsen who is working on a master's degree on computer science.
For Daniel Zukowski who is also working on a master's in computer science the X-Hab Challenge is an opportunity to use terrestrial-based know-how
Hava noted that the team has benefited from support from former NASA astronaut Joe Tanner who now is a senior instructor of aerospace engineering sciences at the University of Colorado and Nikolaus Correll assistant professor of computer science at the university.
Researchers unzip nanotubes by shooting them at 15,000 mphcarbon nanotubes unzipped into graphene nanoribbons by a chemical process invented at Rice university are finding use in all kinds of projects
One-step chemical-free clean and high-quality graphene nanoribbons can be produced using our method. They're potential candidates for next-generation electronic materials he said.
or telephone survey at the beginning and end of the program to report their child's at home consumption of fruits vegetables and milk.
A team of computer scientists from the University of Lincoln UK is co-organising an international workshop on recent advances in agricultural robotics.
Dr Grzegorz Cielniak senior lecturer in the School of Computer science said: The workshop will provide a forum to present the state-of-the-art technical solutions in agricultural robotics
or a Photoshop image removing any traces of those words thereby creating two different images of the same product.
I took a label from Cherry 7-Up Antioxidant and Photoshop it without the word'antioxidant'and only the words'Cherry 7-Up.'
The acetic acid bacteria then process these simultaneously via separate metabolic pathways ultimately producing acetate from them.
Christopher Henry a computational biologist at the University of Chicago who had a leading role in creating the database called Plantseed said it is an important step toward the engineering of improved crops such as creating rice that grows more efficiently
Plantseed will help plant scientists begin to make better use of genome information by helping them create consistently accurate models for all plant genomes contained in the database.
or tablet using Apple or Android operating systems and Wi-fi signals. The Parrot came with a protective polystyrene hull for use indoors
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and nanoengineering and of computer science.
The STAN (Science Technology Architecture Networks) research project which involves computer scientists and architects is exploring
Dr Duncan Rowland a fine artist and Reader in the School of Computer science developed the software application.
But such simple steps as leaving slash--the plant waste left over after crop production--on fields after harvests so it could be incorporated into the soil could reintroduce between 0. 4 and 1. 1 gigatons of carbon annually to soil the study says.
along with the release of this entire dataset in a citable format in journal's affiliated open-access database Gigadb.
not only 13.4 terabytes of data they have collected also seeds from each strain (available in the International Rice Genebank Collection housed at IRRI).
The ultimate goal was to provide the piglets with as much antibodies as possible via their mother's milk during the first few days of life.
Baldocchi said that fruit developers are already trying to develop cultivars that can tolerate less winter chill.
and continuously send data to publicly accessible databases became available I thought'Why should everybody have to go through the same learning curve?'
and chains and feed it into databases that tell us about the landscape before Europeans made drastic changes to it.
which was designed to make an insect-killing bacterial protein called Bt toxin. The results could have major impacts for managing pest resistance to Bt crops.
Bt crops have had major benefits for society said Jeffrey Fabrick the lead author of the study and a research entomologist at the USDA Agricultural research service in Maricopa Arizona.
By understanding how insects adapt to Bt crops we can devise better strategies to delay the evolution of resistance
and extend these benefits. Many mechanisms of resistance to Bt proteins have been proposed and studied in the lab
but this is the first analysis of the molecular genetic basis of severe pest resistance to a Bt crop in the field said Bruce Tabashnik one of the paper's authors and the head of the Department of Entomology in the UA College
of Agriculture and Life sciences. He also is a member of the UA's BIO5 Institute.
Based on laboratory experiments aimed at determining the molecular mechanisms involved scientists knew that pink bollworm can evolve resistance against the Bt toxin
and implement resistance management strategies such as providing refuges of standard cotton plants that do not produce Bt proteins and releasing sterile pink bollworm moths.
Planting refuges near Bt crops allows susceptible insects to survive and reproduce and thus reduces the chances that two resistant insects will mate with each other
As a result pink bollworm has been eradicated all but in the southwestern U s. Suppression of this pest with Bt cotton is the cornerstone of an integrated pest management program that has allowed Arizona cotton growers to reduce broad spectrum insecticide use by 80
In the U s. pink bollworm populations have not evolved resistance to Bt toxins in the wild. However resistant pink bollworm populations have emerged in India
which grows the most Bt cotton of any country in the world. Crops genetically engineered to produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis
--or Bt--were introduced in 1996 and planted on more than 180 million acres worldwide during 2013.
Organic growers have used Bt proteins in sprays for decades because they kill certain pests but are not toxic to people and most other organisms.
Pest control with Bt proteins--either in sprays or genetically engineered crops--reduces reliance on chemical insecticides.
Although Bt proteins provide environmental and economic benefits these benefits are cut short when pests evolve resistance.
The emergence of resistant pink bollworm in India provided the researchers an opportunity to test the hypothesis that insects in the field would evolve resistance to Bt toxin by the same genetic mechanism found previously in the lab. In the lab strains the scientists had identified mutations in a gene
Binding of Bt toxin to cadherin is an essential step in the intoxication process. Mutations that disrupt cadherin block this binding
which leaves the insect unscathed by the Bt toxin. We wanted to see if field-resistant pink bollworm from India harbored these same changes in the cadherin gene Fabrick said.
Our findings represent the first example of alternative splicing associated with Bt resistance that evolved in the field said Fabrick who is also an adjunct scientist in the Department of Entomology at UA.
Mario Soberã n a Bt expert at the Universidad Nacional Autã noma de MÃ xico in Cuernavaca who was not an author of the study commented This is a neat example of the diverse mechanisms insect
An important implication is that DNA screening would not be efficient for monitoring resistance of pink bollworm to Bt toxins.
They used the World health organization's Cancer Mortality Database covering populations on 10 six continents to calculate age-standardized lung cancer death rates during 2006 to 2010 and annual percent change in rates for available
A video camera placed at each nest will allow building a database of the bees'response to manipulated changes in their natural schedule
but also an excellent well-documented specimen database for all future researchers in natural history Davis said.
I did a Google search for images and I found out that it is quite common!
lentivirus de pequeã os rumiantes Role of the mannose receptor and the polarization of macrophages due to lentivirus infection in small ruminants.
Scientists studied a database of thousands of tree species taken from more than 400 hectare-sized plots across the nine countries of the Amazon basin--Brazil Bolivia Colombia Ecuador French guiana Guyana Peru Suriname
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science.
Kenneth O. Obi and Joel H. Rubenstein at the University of Michigan Medical school performed a systematic literature search in multiple electronic databases
But also these are evolutionarily distant from the genes we already have in the genetic databases
and radiation as well as elements that enable wireless connectivity between the greenhouse and mobile devices like cell phones.
and Horticulture Steve Goddard professor of computer science and engineering and interim dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and graduate student Haitao Zhu to design the computational experiment at the core of the paper.
which economic prosperity and all other aspects of human well-being depend said co-author Gretchen Daily the Bing Professor in Environmental science at Stanford
diselenide--a highly sought semiconductor that is similar to graphene but has better properties for making certain electronic devices like switchable transistors and light-emitting diodes.
Unlike graphene which can now easily be made in large sheets many interesting 2-D materials remain difficult to synthesize.
because they have an atomic structure similar to graphene the pure carbon wonder materials that attracted the 2010 Nobel prize in physics.
Graphene and similar materials are referred often to as two-dimensional because they are only one atom thick.
Graphene has extraordinary electronic properties. For example its electron mobility is tens of thousands of times greater than that of TMDCS.
because their electronic properties are complementary to graphene. For example pure graphene has no bandgap--a useful electronic property that engineers can exploit to make FETS that are switched easily on and off.
As with many nanomaterials scientists have found that the physical properties of TMDCS change markedly when the material has nanoscale properties.
Milk consumption plays an important role in bone health explains lead author Bing Lu M d. Dr. P. H. from Brigham & Women's Hospital in Boston Mass.
To select their sites they compiled a database of fires and ESR projects from which they randomly chose a set of project sites with a gradient of precipitation and annual temperatures but similar soil types.
He explains that the FDA already requires developers of GM CROPS to compare a handful of key nutritional compounds in GM varieties relative to their non-GM parents.
which are trucked in via beekeepers and pollinate crops valued at $14 billion nationwide Isaacs said. Honey bees do a great job of pollinating blueberries
Each participant completed both a phone-based and a web-based survey. The youths received $10 for the phone survey and additional $10 or $25 for completion of the web based survey.
Overall 12 percent of 15-to-17-year olds and 26 percent of 18-to-23-year olds were exposed to either form of direct-to-consumer tobacco marketing coupons received via US mail
and to offer cessation counseling to 99 percent of smokers who expressed a willingness to kick the habit according to a study from Columbia University School of nursing published in Oncology Nursing Forum. â#oethese findings suggest that mobile applications can play a significant role
and they also point to a broader benefit of mobile applications in getting more clinicians to follow evidence-based practice guidelinesâ#Cato says.
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