since some of those papers on its website (http://go. nature. com/rvwuwi). Last week, during Tunnell's most recent trip, the first stop was a rocky limestone shoreline near the town of Champot  n on the Yucat ¡
As for the fishermen near the Ixtoc I site, they are well aware of the new disaster unfolding to the north.
They say that a nationwide network to monitor groundwater levels is needed urgently, and that the government should improve data sharing,
Efforts to understand the scale of the problem are stymied often by the lack of a national water-monitoring network,
The central government has earmarked about 1. 8 billion renminbi (US$265 million) to set up a groundwater observation network to take measurements from tens of thousands of wells across the country.
The network could also help to pin down the causes of freshwater depletion across the country. Climate change is blamed often, for example.
and restoring a tablet with the Phoenician alphabet, which permitted philologists to decipher the inscription1.
The country has the rich store of ancient human sites, but problems have held back progress in some areas.
A secondhand laptop computer, which she received as a gift, rests on a century-old desk.
But I prefer a fax. Her father, Hasan Cemil¡ambel, was close to Kemal Ataturk, who founded the secular Turkish republic in 1923.
She argued the importance of keeping the objects on the site, overlooking the Ceyhan River flowing toward the Mediterranean.
which would have flooded many archaeological sites. It was very difficult; they wanted a huge dam,
thus saving the sites. Then she campaigned to get mountain villagers to switch from grazing goats to sheep,
Nature Newsthe rigour and honesty of scientists embroiled in the climate change e-mail affair are not in doubt according to an independent review of the matter released today.
In November 2009, more than 1, 000 e-mails and documents were hacked from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, UK,
and posted on the Internet. They prompted allegations from climate-change sceptics that CRU scientists withheld,
such as Andrew Montford who maintains the blog Bishop Hill. I find the review pretty appalling,
the committee scrutinized e-mails concerning the selection of weather-station data in research published in Nature1,
the review panel downloaded the source data directly from publicly accessible sites. It became very clear,
it took us literally minutes to download, says committee-member Peter Clarke, a professor of physics at the University of Edinburgh, UK.
In one of the most notorious leaked e-mails, Jones, referring to the WMO report graph,
In an email, Mann told Nature he was satisfied with the results of the review, adding, It is my hope that we can now put this bogus, manufactured scandal behind us.
Montford says the report does not address some of the allegations relating to the e-mails.
but a government development agency wants to bulldoze the site. The Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry in St petersburg,
the core of the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research Replacement (CMRR) project, has violated federal law by failing to produce an environmental-impact statement.
the site of the nuclear power plant that exploded in 1986. This has raised fears that radioactive particles could be released into the atmosphere.
The team found B. napus at nearly half of the 288 sites tested. Of these, 80%had at least one herbicide-resistant transgene (41%were resistant to Roundup and 40%resistant to Liberty.
Zhang says that there should be a national network for monitoring the build up or deficiency of phosphate in soils,
In October 2009, India's Genetic engineering Approval Committee gave the go-ahead to commercial planting of Bt brinjal,
a variety of aubergine modified to produce a protein from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium that is toxic to insect pests.
Bt Brinjal: A Pioneering Push, written by Kumar for the magazine Biotech News, and The Development and Regulation of Bt Brinjal in India by the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, a lobby group based in Ithaca, New york,
and funded by biotechnology corporation Monsanto, headquartered in St louis, Missouri. Kumar had contributed also to this second report.
Bt brinjal...has been subjected to a rigorous biosafety regulatory process encompassing all aspects of toxicity, allergenicity, environmental safety, socioeconomic assessment etc.
Kumar says that the report's conclusion that Bt brinjal is safe is based largely on data analysed by the Genetic engineering Approval Committee last year suggesting that a report commissioned to supplement the committee's scientific guidance is actually based on the committee's recommendations.
I knew even before the moratorium was put on Bt brinjal, he told the Times of India this week.
This information was fed then into a computer-based geographical information system to produce a map of the different locations
and failed to detect any such greening (see'Amazon drought raises research doubts')2. Some go as far as to say that the satellite data aren't good enough to answer the question at all.
It will certainly give scientists another opportunity to pore over the various ground and satellite data,
It's not clear how the debate over satellite data will play out. As the recent PNAS paper indicates,
Work in recent years has uncovered also a handful of Stone age sites in the Near east with evidence for plant-eating.
The researchers also found grinding tools coated with cattail and fern residues at human sites in southern Moravia in the Czech republic and south of Moscow
The area includes provinces such as Bali and Java, as well as small, autonomous groups such as the Iban speakers living in Malaysia.
and Astrazeneca, will also design software to make the results useful to researchers and clinicians.
a geneticist who helps lead the hospital's cancer testing programme. For example, its broad genetic test detects a mutation in a gene called BRAF that is already known to be mutated commonly in metastatic melanoma.
Basic research should also benefit from the NHS programme, says Peach. Researchers will have access to consenting patients'genetic data as well as to medical records of the outcomes of the treatment.
and an adviser to the programme. Peach hopes that the first phase of the cancer programme will pave the way for expanding genetic testing to more patients and other conditions, such as diabetes, AIDS and even psychiatric disorders.
Cancer offers a good testing ground for personalized medicine, because numerous targeted therapies already exist, but there's no reason why this should be restricted to cancer,
Fabrice Andrã, who runs a similar cancer diagnostic programme that has so far been offered to about 100 patients at the Gustave Roussy Institute in Villejuif
France, says the NHS programme could point the way to implementing personalized medicine across an entire population. It can really change the landscape of how molecular testing is being done for cancer,
assessed the effects of planting maize (corn) genetically modified to produce Bt toxin, which kills the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis).
We were surprised to find that a higher proportion of the total benefit is actually going to the non-Bt farmers,
Not only does Bt maize suppress the corn-borer population in fields planted with the GM crop
This work provides strong evidence for the reduced pest burden for non-Bt corn caused by the Bt corn, based on a reduction in overall pest-population size
Conventional growers also help to stop corn borers becoming resistant to the Bt toxin by hosting pest populations that are susceptible to it, according to the team's research.
the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), has evolved resistance to Bt toxin in situations where GM-crop coverage is 100%.
Some farmers were very sceptical of entomologists telling them they needed to maintain non-Bt corn
Nature News TEL MEGIDDO Fabled as a site of biblical battles and spectacular palaces, Tel Megiddo today is a dusty mound overlooking Israel's Jezreel valley.
and natural scientists, working shoulder-to-shoulder at Tel Megiddo and several other important Israeli sites. In the past, all too often, archaeologists and scientists worked together,
tweezers and teaspoons to gather sediment samples into small plastic vials before taking them to an infrared spectrometer set up on a folding table at the edge of the site.
or grains were stockpiled at the site. Experts in radiocarbon dating, who usually stick close to their laboratories,
Having an accelerator near to local excavation sites will help to yield results much more quickly,
preventing contamination that could otherwise cast doubt on the analysis. Boaretto explains that she is on site
Having scientists on site can help archaeologists to make faster decisions about where to excavate and
Germany, who specializes in Ancient greek sites. It's different from having an archaeologist define the question
As a small country rich in archaeological sites and with a strong science base, it may be much easier for Israel's scientists to spend extended periods at excavations than for those in other countries,
The group used satellite data to identify the start, end and length of the growing season for the meadow and steppe vegetation of the Tibetan Plateau between 1982 and 2006,
and digitizing information from databases of different agencies, such as the US Forest Service or Fish and Wildlife Service, says Cameron, also a conference organizer.
based in Los Ba ae'Â os, the Philippines, and part of a consortium of leading agricultural research centres called the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
Fastest computer China now possesses the world's speediest supercomputer. As expected, its Tianhe-1a computer (pictured), housed in the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin,
has eclipsed the US Department of energy's Jaguar system at the Oak ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. In the latest update to the list of the world's top 500 supercomputers (www. top500. org), released on 11 november,
Tianhe-1a was shown to have achieved 2. 57 petaflops (2. 57 ae'1015 floating point operations per second),
with Jaguar managing 1. 75 petaflops. The United states still boasts five of the world's top ten fastest computers.
) The Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University reported on its website on 11 november that the culprit was simian retrovirus-4 (SRV-4). The problem emerged
based in Los Ba  os, the Philippines, part of a consortium of leading agricultural research centres called the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
Delaware, and Honeywell of Morristown, New jersey, in response to a 2006 European union law requiring car makers to reduce the greenhouse-gas potential of their refrigerants,
called Bt toxin. To prevent the spread of Bt resistance, farmers are required to plant nearby'refuges'of conventional crops.
The idea behind the refuges is to keep a population of non-resistant moths close at hand as potential mates for any resistant moths that arise.
Tabashnik and his colleagues developed computer simulations to predict the consequences of the farmers'proposed strategy.
To his surprise, the models suggested that the combination of Bt cotton and sterile-moth releases could wipe out pest populations
and stave off Bt resistance for at least 20 years. In 2005, the Pink bollworm Rearing Facility in Phoenix began cranking out pinkies for the Arizona experiment.
Ideally, the same approach could be used in regions where poor farmer compliance with the refuge rule has contributed to widespread Bt resistance.
it's conceivable that farmers will someday no longer have a use for Bt cotton at all.
or strata, in field sites in northern Belize. Working in low-lying wetlands, which are difficult to access
Fossilized plant remains at these sites show that the Maya were growing crops such as avocados, grass species and maize.
Beach says that surveys carried out using Google earth and remote sensing techniques suggest that this wetland system was probably around 100 kilometres across.
One of the reasons some scholars dismissed the idea that wetlands were fundamentally important to the Maya is that they are often far from famous sites such as Tikal and Chichen Itza.
largely by participating on outsider blogs such as Climate Audit, the Air Vent and the Black  board.
Stated publicly on some of the same Web sites that broke the so-called Climategate e-mails last fall
and distributing e-mails hacked from personal computer accounts rather than trying to work things out at conferences and in journal papers.
It earned her scathing attacks on skeptical climate blogs. They claimed there were serious problems with the hurricane statistics the paper relied on, particularly from before the 1970s,
In the course of engaging with the skeptics, Curry ventured onto a blog run by Roger Pielke, Jr.
became my blog of choice, because I found the discussions very interesting and I thought,'Well,
I want to reach rather than preaching to the converted over at the mainstream climate science blog Realclimate.'
Still, once Curry ventured out onto the skeptic blogs, the questions she saw coming from the most technically savvy of the outsiders including statisticians,
mechanical engineers and computer modelers from industry helped to solidify her own uneasiness. Not to say that the IPCC science was wrong,
she said in a recent interview posted on the Collide-a-Scape climate blog. Curry began to find other examples where she thought the IPCC was torquing the science in various ways.
She does not believe that the Climategate e-mails are evidence of fraud or that the IPCC is some kind of grand international conspiracy.
None found evidence of fraudulent science including, most important, a probe by the Interacademy Council (IAC) a network of the U s. National Academies of Science and its counterparts around the world.
when you try to add in those feedbacks to project likely temperature increases over the next century,
including Marc Morano, the former aide to Senator Inhofe and founder of the Climate Depot skeptic blog.
Andrew C. Revkin, the New york times's longtime environment reporter has treated her with great respect on his Dot Earth blog more than once.
who runs the militantly evenhanded Collide-a-Scape blog. What scientists worry is that such exposure means Curry has the power to do damage to a consensus on climate change that has been building for the past 20 years.
Says Gavin A. Schmidt, a climate scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New york city and proprietor of the Realclimate blog:
east of Chernobyl the site of the nuclear power plant that exploded in 1986 could cause radioactive particles in the soil to be released into the atmosphere.
if there are further fires closer to the site. Goldammer is relieved that the Russian government has said it will take action to prevent wildfires in the future.
to an e-mail from Nature by saying that he intends to pay the rest. In Michigan, Heather Ames, the student whose work was targeted,
she has received hundreds of sympathetic e-mails from colleagues and a handful asking for advice on dealing with fraud in their labs. She says that a few colleagues have questioned the wisdom of talking so openly about her lab's problems,
a board of advisers to NIH director Francis Collins was set to vote on a proposal to create an institute to house The cures Acceleration Network,
and scale back plans for an upgrade. On 30 november, members of the ESRF Council voted for a 6%cut to the facility's  86.8-million (US$114-million) annual budget.
Events Tracking forests by satellite Google unveiled its much-anticipated'Earth Engine'at climate talks in Canc  n, Mexico, last week.
The online tool provides scientists with more than 25 years of satellite data and should help analysis of land-use trends, in support of efforts to halt carbon dioxide emissions from deforestation.
The platform was developed to work with satellite software used by researchers such as Greg Asner, an environmental scientist at the Carnegie Institution for Science in Stanford, California,
People Misconduct finding In a fraud inquiry overshadowed by an anonymous Internet campaign, two former postdoctoral students at the Research center Borstel in Germany have been found guilty of scientific misconduct by an external investigating committee.
anonymous e-mails sent to science journalists had implicated the former head of the Borstel laboratory, immunologist Silvia Bulfone-Paus,
it confirmed to the patient website Myeloma Beacon last week. Instead, the company is focusing on other chemicals thought to activate the same biological pathway as resveratrol.
the amoebae are relatively primitive farmers, with no active cultivation at the new site. It was thought previously that slime moulds were strictly predators of bacteria,
but if it did so it would no longer be able to match up with its binding sites on the virus. So for the virus to escape,
car batteries, wind turbines and mobile phones. Business watch In 2011 and 2012, the drug industry will face the worst effects of its'patent cliff'
The deal 墉 subject to parliamentary ratification 墉 gives Brazilian astronomers access to telescopes at three sites in Chile operated by ESO,
Data from Landsat satellites revealed the true extent of mangroves only last year. The survey found that in 2000,
and how it might be restructured to broaden participation, lower administrative burdens and mesh with national policies.
Grants glitch Computer glitches forced Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council to shut down its online system for accepting funding applications last week.
to house a collection of tools, ceramics and bones from the Inca site Machu Picchu.
Research Record ice core drilled Researchers at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core project have drilled a column of ice nearly
Gas bubbles in the 3, 330-metre-long core, the final section of which was extracted on 28 january,
A joint team of Russian, US and French scientists completed the longest ice core, at 3, 623 metres, in 1998.
In an e-mail to Nature, Stocker said that Ruddiman's latest paper merely reiterates in extenso all of the points made earlier.
an ecologist at the University of Sydney, has been invited by the Victoria government to lead the program of research that will accompany the trial, according to Victoria's website.
and see that, at a single site, there have been formed new populations further north, you will have a harder time making the greenhouse-gas link
The field site he was visiting was near a botanic garden and he could see that many of the plants in the site had come from the garden.
A lot of the species were spreading into the forest, he says. Hulme first looked at the 34 plants on an International Union for Conservation of Nature list of 100 of the worst invasive species. For 19 of the 34,
a global network of botanic gardens that is based in London. He discovered that they did,
Peatlands have been the focus of a lot of attention by developers who want to convert them to agricultural use,
Given the rather coarse resolution of that satellite data, only large palm-oil plantations with closed canopies are easily identifiable,
Better imaging techniques using Landsat data at higher resolutions are available, he says, pointing to a recent study on loss of forest cover in Indonesia4.
This study used Landsat satellite data from the USGS together with data from the Japanese satellite ALOS,
Viral response plan Medical virologists from around the world gathered in WASHINGTON DC on 1 3 march to work out the details of a Global Virus Response Network.
The network would also inform governments, health organizations and the public about existing viruses and attract scientists to the field.
it is the latest of many investigations to clear researchers of implications of scientific misconduct in e-mails from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia,
found no evidence of wrongdoing in the e-mails. Trend watch Developing countries look poised to overtake industrialized countries in planting genetically modified (GM CROPS (see chart.
European networks The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) said on 14 april that it is considering eight areas 墉 including biotechnology, smart cities and ageing 墉 in which to fund new
collaborative research networks. It already funds three such initiatives, known as Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICS
These are networks of industry and academic partnerships with EIT funding of ¢ 308.7 million (US$439 million) to 2013.
and cleaning up the site. On 17 april, the Tokyo electric power Company (whose executives are pictured at a harried press conference six days earlier) put forward a plan to stabilize the plant within six to nine months.
and decontaminate used water on the site. The company also plans to cover the damaged reactors with temporary structures in order to limit the release of radioactivity.
bankrolled by Microsoft cofounder Paul Allen, was unveiled officially on 12 april. The Seattle, Washington-based Allen Brain science Institute's human brain atlas (www. brain-map. org) logged gene expression patterns and biochemical activity at 1,
The International Rice Research Institute in Los Ba ae'Â os, the Philippines, won $10. 3 million to develop golden rice,
43%of its applications considered in 2005 墉 oe10 were in digital and telecommunications,
Coming up 24 墉 oe29 April The European Science Foundation is holding a week-long conference devoted to the science and technology of graphene, in Obergurgl,
says Roslyn Dakin, a Phd student in behavioural ecology at Queen's university in Kingston, Canada. Dakin and a colleague, Robert Montgomerie, tracked three populations of feral peacocks and peahens during the spring breeding season,
or consumers until they pass tests for biosafety in each country, says Gerard Barry, who coordinates the Golden Rice Network at the International Rice Research Institute in Los Ba  os
New hampshire, and his team sampled 25 mangrove sites across a broad territory that included Micronesia, Indonesia and Bangladesh.
Kauffman and his team assessed aboveground and belowground carbon pools in mangrove sites occupying estuaries and oceanic settings, such as island coasts.
There are also plans to set up long-term monitoring networks to ensure sustained protection. As most existing environmental laws and guidelines are geared towards industrial pollution,
But regardless of individual regional differences, the core idea remains the same, that REDD+funds should target those drivers to achieve the programme's goals.
The seawater samples were taken from a region close to the reactor site. Both were measured in late March.
The team then plugged those concentrations into a piece of software called ERICA (Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants) to calculate the radiation dose that various groups of wildlife would have received.
On 18 may, Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) released satellite data recording that 593 square kilometres of forest had been cleared in March and April,
Research Einstein telescope A network of European researchers released designs on 19 may for an ultra-sensitive gravitational-wave observatory.
Royal Society intake Among 44 fellows elected to the Royal Society in London on 20 may were Nobel-prizewinning graphene researcher Kostya Novoselov of the University of Manchester;
will not be restarted until Chubu completes existing plans to upgrade seawall defences there. The suspension has worried both utilities and local industry,
The Australian and New zealand bid to host the Square Kilometre Array radio telescope received US$40. 2 million in one notable initiative.
translation of stem cells from research tools to therapies was a major selling point. 3d transistors Computer-chip manufacturer Intel has announced that it will mass-produce three-dimensional transistors for its next generation of chips.
Usually, the channel along which electric current passes in a transistor is flat; in the'Tri-gate'transistors (pictured), it protrudes from the surface so that the'gate'that switches current on or off wraps around the channel on three sides.
The concept 墉 developed in the late 1990s by Chenming Hu at the University of California, Berkeley,
what could be the world's largest research database linking genetic profiles with health records.
Bryan Charleston, a foot-and-mouth expert at the UK Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, Surrey which is on the site where the virus leaked in 2007
and his team exposed eight cows to one form of the virus. They then attempted to transmit the virus from these'source'cows to other bovines in a biosecure compound on the Pirbright site,
Special locust squads, guided by satellite data to the breeding grounds, have sprayed more than 90,000 hectares since January.
the FDA says that it will build a global data network that will allow regulators to proactively share real-time information.
CIFOR's director-general, has been that most previous studies looked at anecdotal evidence from single sites.
The other is to fly over plots monitored by the Amazon Forest Inventory Network (RAINFOR) to address a nagging question:
Developers then used genetic control elements derived from pathogenic plant viruses such as the cauliflower mosaic virus to switch on the genes.
By revealing similar elements in plants'DNA, genome sequencing has liberated developers from having to borrow the viral sequences.
Other techniques under development insert foreign genes into designated sites in the genome, unlike the near-random scattering generated by Agrobacterium.
and Sangamo Biosciences in Richmond, California, announced that they had used enzymes called zinc-finger nucleases to insert a gene for herbicide resistance at a specific site in the maize genome (V. K. Shukla et al.
has found that soil radiation levels at four sites in Fukushima city, some 60 kilometres from the reactors, measured up to 47,000 Bq kg-1 surpassing the 10,000 Bq kg-1 human exposure safety level set by the government.
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