It consists of climate change projections based off computer modeling of photos and Quickbird satellite images of remote Cloud Forests in Peru's protected Manu National park and unprotected surrounding areas.
They used computer models to analyze the temperature and precipitation requirements of the trees at different life stages and also considered factors like reproductive dependence of young and adult trees.
and carbohydrate content from the manufacturers'websites labels on products in store and via direct email inquiry.
Nicolas Chaumont a software engineer at the Natural Capital Project; and Randi Figueroa Sandi a field assistant in Copal de Agua Buena in Costa rica.
The program is now using RIOS software developed at Stanford by the Natural Capital Project to pinpoint high-risk areas.
and putting in place monitoring programs to track food waste with more precision. The authors acknowledge funding from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's republic of china the National Natural science Foundation of China the Special Fund for Forestry Scientific research in the Public interest the Organization Department of the Central Committee the Fundamental Research
After combining equal amounts of RTIL and naturally occurring Bentonite clay into a composite paste the researchers sandwiched it between layers of reduced graphene oxide
or strongly recommend data be stored in an online database and others do said not Drew. The most widely used publicly accessible databases include Genbank Treebase and Dryad.
Most journals require DNA sequences be deposited in Genbank but comparatively few require the sequence alignments to be archived publicly.
There are databases for archiving but some of their interfaces are somewhat cumbersome and if you haven't previously done this it can appear to be a daunting task.
A prospective cohort study of 41 Huntington study group sites in the United states and Canada involving 1001 participants enrolled in the Prospective Huntington at Risk Observational Study (PHAROS) between July 1999
Our findings provide novel evidence suggesting that certain fruits may be especially beneficial for lowering diabetes risk said senior author Qi Sun assistant professor in the Department of Nutrition at HSPH and assistant professor at the Channing Division of Network
and reveals that individuals from the Eastern African population have adapted to be able to digest milk but via different mutations in their genetic material.
and 217 leopards living in four distinct populations in the 17375-mile Satpura-Maikal region of central India then used computer modeling to compare contemporary and historical gene flow among the region's tiger
#Targeting mosquito breeding sites could boost malaria control efforts in Africa and Asiaa malaria control method that targets mosquito larvae and pupae as they mature in standing water could be an important supplementary measure in the fight against the disease according to a new report.
and rural areas of Africa and Asia--wherever it is possible to target a sufficient proportion of mosquito breeding sites.
The authors note that further research is needed to assess how effective LSM is in rural Africa where breeding sites are harder to target such as large flood plains or rice paddies.
and high site fidelity which tie them closely to conditions of place. The findings of this case study are important
Since 2009 this EU initial training network involving 12 postgraduate students and their mentors from different disciplines i e. anthropology archeology chemistry and genetics has been looking at the role played by milk cheese
To better understand the actual world in which the early farmers lived the BEAN researchers recently visited archaeological sites in western Anatolia on a ten-day excursion.
http://academy. asm. org/index. php/browse-all-reports/800-how-microbes-can-help-feed-the-world?
And those sites are not acidic and algae and fish can be sensitive to alkalinity changes.
and reach potentially sensitive sites such as the spleen brain liver and heart. The growing trend to use other types of nanoparticles has revolutionized the food industry by enhancing flavors improving supplement delivery keeping food fresh longer
Using coal waste from the site of a former colliery in Nottinghamshire as a substrate the researchers grew rapeseed flax sugar beet and maize with different additives:
Dr Heard will present the team's findings to INTECOL at Excel London on Thursday 22 august 2013.
NASAS Landsat directs restoration to at-risk areaswhile the 138000-acre Silver Fire still smoldered forest restoration specialists were on the job.
They analyzed maps created using Landsat satellite data to determine where the burn destroyed vegetation and exposed soil--and where to focus emergency restoration efforts.
And Landsat satellites built by NASA and operated by the U s. Geological Survey help direct the crews to those forest areas needing attention.
In Landsat images he looks at two of the 11 spectral bands--the near-infrared band and a short-wave infrared band.
and so sends back a strong signal to the Landsat detector that isn't present over burned areas explained Jeff Masek Landsat program scientist with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt Md.
But the shortwave infrared band--added to Landsat satellites starting with Landsat 4--has a distinct spectral signature for burned areas.
While he also employs remote sensing data from other satellites Landsat is the satellite of choice Albury said.
And with Landsat 8 online this summer the new images don't have the gaps present in Landsat 7 imagery.
He's counting on Landsat 8 being calibrated closely to Landsat 7 he said so he can compare a pre-fire Landsat 8 image with a post-fire Landsat 7 version or vice versa.
It's one of the reasons why the Landsat team focused on calibrating Landsat 8 so the reflectance data it gathers is measuring landcover
They identify those risky areas with a combination of the Landsat-derived maps reports from the field
For more information about Landsat visit: http://www. nasa. gov/landsat/Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by NASA.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Genesis and evolution of H7n9 influenza virusan international team of influenza researchers in China the United kingdom and the United states has used genetic sequencing to trace the source
On four sites on the Allegheny National Forest and private timber inholdings in northeastern Pennsylvania Stoleson set out to learn where the birds spend time after breeding season and
Ethanol also has a tendency to absorb water corroding pipelines and damaging engines but isobutanol doesn't mix easily with water.
Participants in the treatment group completed a computer-assisted program with tailored feedback received a print manual met for 15-30 minutes with a counselor
and the computer-assisted intervention was repeated at three and six months post-hospitalization to support participants through the process of quitting smoking.
A copy of the computer printout was mailed to patients'outpatient providers. A key aspect of the intervention is did that we not assume all patients were ready to quit Prochaska said.
Prokhorov is the principal architect of MD Anderson's ASPIRE program a teen-focused website
and Tobacco Free Teens a smartphone app--both are new approaches to keeping young people free from the grips of nicotine addiction.
and Oak ridge National Laboratory analyzed variations of a model molecule 4#-methyl-2#nitroacetanilide (MNA) and compared the results with computer-generated and XRD models.
and riparian old-growth forest were the primary distinguishing characteristics of both nest and foraging sites.
The researchers also used data from a global network of 500 recording stations some in operation for more than 15 years which record carbon dioxide concentrations and air currents in the atmosphere a few meters above ground or in forest canopies.
The team then fed the various readings into complex computer models to calculate the global effect of extreme weather on the carbon balance.
They are highly competitive over food nesting sites and territories he says. This competition demands high performance from their bodies so
or territories but the mice could climb easily over the mesh. Within each of the six sections was a nest box a feeding station and drinking water.
Since the spring of 2008 Mr Peterson has also been collecting data twice a year from a network of volunteers across Scotland on wild honey bees--those not managed by beekeepers and
Additional recent data comes from regular flights conducted by NOAA at a network of locations.
or progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus according to a report published by JAMA Internal medicine a JAMA Network publication.
Methane the main component of natural gas is released from leaking pipelines coal mines oil wells cattle rice paddies and landfills.
A modeled futuresmith and his former research assistant Andrew Mizrahi used a PNNL computer model the Global Change Assessment Model
PNNL's computer model used in this research GCAM is supported by the Department of energy. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
when irrigation is introduced due to increased amounts of standing water that serve as mosquito breeding sites.
solar-lighting technology cookstoves drip irrigation and a line of Nokia cellphones. From their research as well as interviews with product designers the researchers drew up guidelines on how to design for emerging markets.
and distributed in developing countries by Nokia. The company designed phones with a number of features that turned out to have wide appeal for microentrepreneurs:
Multiple contact lists allowed cellphone owners to rent out their phones to others and a time display marking the length of each call served as a method of metering--an easy way for cellphone owners to charge per call.
Nokia also provided reliability via dedicated service vans that traveled to rural Indian villages to fix broken phones.
This combination of features that help to make customers money along with a service plan that established a continuing relationship with the company likely swayed customers toward Nokia's phones.
Yang and Austin-Breneman found that service and reliability were also big factors for small farmers in choosing a system for drip irrigation--an efficient means of delivering small amounts of water directly to the base of each plant.
For example while Nokia was able to invest millions of dollars in developing a service network a startup may not have such resources.
and decreasing screen time says cardiologist and senior study author Elizabeth Jackson M d. M p h. assistant professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan Medical school.
but there were gender differences in how children spent their so-called screen time. When asked obese girls were more likely than any other group to use a computer.
Obese boys reported playing video games more often than normal weight boys although the association was not as strong as in other studies We did not find a significant association between time spent playing video games
and less fatty foods plus reducing time spent in front of computer and video game screens. Story Source:
By attaching the new fusion antibody to the nanoplatform we were able to deliver Herceptin directly to HER2-positive cancer cells at the same time transporting IL-2 to the tumor site to stimulate the immune system.
and computer modeling capabilities to work. They are grappling with what the future landscape of fire will look like in the American West.
The coordinates of active fires detected by MODIS are sent by text message often within an hour after the satellite overpass
The project uses data from Landsat satellites a mission jointly operated by NASA and the U s. Geological Survey.
The first Landfire maps took five years of on-the-ground fieldwork computer modeling and poring over satellite data to complete.
and about 24000 Landsat scenes to complete the annual U s. update. We use Landsat for our land cover mapping
and vegetation characterization efforts Vogelmann said. The extensive and free Landsat and MODIS archive also facilitates mapping
and analyzing past wildfires. Forest Service and USGS analysts are in the process of mapping the frequency size and severity of all large fires from 1984 to present.
NASA recently launched the Landsat 8 and Suomi-NPP satellites which will provide information on fire fuels active fires aerosols and climate:
For NASA's smoke and fires website visit: http://www. nasa. gov/firesstory Source: The above story is provided based on materials by NASA.
however the downy woodpecker was at a significantly higher level relative to control sites during the 2009 bird survey season
Researchers compared the abundance of the four bird species to their abundance in two sets of sites where the impact of EAB has not yet been severe.
These areas included sites approximately 50-100 km from the EAB epicenter where the insect had caused some tree mortality but considerably less than
and his team combined that information with in depth use of environmental satellite data using a series of images of vegetation growth and rainfall taken over days and weeks.
We're getting close to the stage where for some organisms we can use satellite data in management he said.
Such activities include restricting commodity imports from regions with ongoing fruit-fly outbreaks requiring postharvest treatments for produce grown in areas with established fruit-fly populations maintaining large-scale fruit-fly monitoring programs for early detection
and procedures for incorporating corrective measures into data streams. The article suggests best practices and approaches for implementing automated quality assurance/quality control procedures.
Jeffrey R. Taylor National Ecological Observatory Network Inc.;Ethan W. Dereszynski Oregon State university; James B. Shanley U s. Geological Survey;
The results showed that each timber rattler removed 2500-4500 ticks from each site annually.
But in computer models simulating a world of continued CFC use the researchers found that the hydrological changes in the decade ahead 2020-2029 would have been twice as severe as they are expected now to be.
Alex Feldwinn a computer technician in the Life science Computing Group at UCSB said It really smells like a dead animal--not just a dead animal but a rotting one.
An infrared camera from Goleta-based FLIR captured time-sequence thermal photography of Chanel as her spadix the tall core spike that houses both female and male flowers heated up to nearly human body temperature.
while enhancing their strength is critical to developing high-performance devices that integrate transistor-like electronics with mechanical components.
Researchers from the California Institute of technology USA and A*STAR Institute Of high Performance Computing (IHPC) Singapore have determined now how miniaturization
These dislocations through which a specific type of deformation develops propagate across an entire grain or from one grain to another inside the cores.
We did this by applying a series of computer models and using data from Jatropha curcas plantations in Egypt India
Revisiting this classic planetary science scenario with new computer modeling the astronomers found a lower thermal radiation threshold for the runaway greenhouse process meaning that stage may be easier to initiate than had been thought previously.
because their computer modeling was done in a single-column clear-sky model or a one-dimensional measure averaged around a planetary sphere that does not account for the atmospheric effect of clouds.
which have wire mesh with third-inch-wide openings. The tiny ants end up in the collection bags with
This mixture then is placed in mesh bags suspended over funnels that in turn are above plastic bags containing alcohol to kill
and preserve the ants that pass through the mesh bags. The ants then are brought home for analysis. Taxonomy
Data from the sensors were transmitted wirelessly to a computer on the sideline and processed to measure both the linear and rotational head acceleration caused by each impact.
Borneo is a network of timber plantations agroforestry areas and mines with patches of natural forest said Loken.
and nesting sites. Wehea Forest is one of the only places in Borneo where ten primates species including five species found only in Borneo overlap in their ranges.
Borneo is a network of timber plantations agroforestry areas and mines with patches of natural forest said Loken.
and nesting sites. Wehea Forest is one of the only places in Borneo where ten primates species including five species found only in Borneo overlap in their ranges.
All sites were downwind of agricultural areas. The samples were tested for 98 types of pesticides traces
of which were found in frog tissues from all sites said Smalling. We found that even frogs living in the most remote mountain locations were contaminated by agricultural pesticides transported long distances in dust and by rain.
A comparison of the frog tissue with water and sediment collected from the same sites shows that the frogs were the more reliable indicator of chemical exposure.
These fungi many of them still without formal Latin names live in bat hibernation sites and even directly on bats but they do not cause the devastating disease that has killed millions of bats in the eastern United states. Researchers hope to use these fungi to understand why one fungus can be deadly to bats
Applied to the cells of plants (intracellular) via the seed it provides every cell in the plant with the ability to fix nitrogen.
Our technique has helped already to unravel the complex gene networks behind biological processes and behavior such as gustatory perception said Dr. Ying Wang of Arizona State university.
and it overcomes the many shortfalls associated with typical single-gene targeting methods A common problem associated with single gene suppression is that it is not sufficient to show the interrelationship of a gene network.
These proteins are produced naturally in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) a bacterium which is applied to crops as a natural insecticide on some organic farms
In addition to Carnegie and STRI researchers scientists from Mcgill University and UC-Berkeley combined measurement methods--an extensive and essential network of ground-based plot sampling satellite imagery
The researchers then were able to scale up the plot and Lidar data with freely available satellite data on topography rainfall and vegetation to model carbon stocks at the national level.
The interviewees were all taking part in the annual phone Victorian Smoking and Health Survey
Those studies however were based on theoretical computer modeling. Brosi and Briggs were curious whether this theoretical resilience would hold up in real-life scenarios.
For those two key crops a computer model could predict crop failures three months in advance for about 20 percent of global cropland according to the study published July 21 in Nature Climate Change.
For example if satellite data and climate models forecast a good season for rice before seeds are planted even farmers
We can make a new framework that would allow much greater exploitation of satellite data and climate prediction models she said.
Halas Rice's Stanley C. Moore Professor in Electrical and Computer Engineering professor of physics professor of chemistry and professor of biomedical engineering is one of the world's most-cited chemists.
Neumann created a version of nanoshells that converts a broad spectrum of sunlight--including both visible and invisible bandwidths--directly into heat.
and the autoclave setup we reported in this paper can do said that Halas her team hopes to work with waste-treatment pioneer Sanivation to conduct the first field tests of the solar steam waste sterilizer at three sites in Kenya.
and combined this with a 25 year record from satellite data. The study supported by the Natural Environment Research Council was published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. Dr Ed Mitchard of the University of Edinburgh's School of Geosciences who led the study said:
#Internets backbone can readily be made more sustainable, experts saythe U s. Department of energy has announced that it wants to establish minimum energy efficiency standards for all computers
and servers sold in the United states. A new study shows that large server farms can in fact cut electricity use
Most big data centers the global backbone of the Internet could slash their greenhouse gas emissions by 88 percent by switching to efficient off-the-shelf equipment and improving energy management according to new research.
The carbon emissions generated by a search on Google or a post on Facebook are related mostly to three things:
the computing efficiency of IT (information technology) data center equipment like servers storage and network switches; the amount of electricity a data center's building uses for things other than computing primarily cooling;
and how much of the center's electricity comes from renewable or low-carbon sources. Adding renewable power to the mix can help reduce a data center's overall emissions by 98 percent
It's about the processorsthe processors in most server farms perform computations at just 3 percent to 5 percent of their maximum capacity.
Server virtualization consolidation and better software can increase utilization to greater than 30 percent and in some cases to be as high as 80 percent said Koomey a research fellow at Stanford university's Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy
and Finance citing a recent account by Google. Big outward-facing companies whose business primarily is cloud computing have solved the sustainability problem for data centers.
In addition to Google and Facebook companies like Amazon ebay and Expedia have instituted most or all of the changes motivated by cost publicity
and pressure from environmental organizations. ebay even discloses its data center efficiency publicly at dse. ebay. com. These companies were hearing a lot of noise from Greenpeace and others.
Other ways to avoid wasting electricity include faster computers that pay for themselves fairly quickly and using flash memory on the motherboard instead of hard disks.
Not following best practices are innumerable companies and institutions that are not primarily cloud-computing entities
and others supplying the vast data that feed the Googles and Expedias of the world.
whose main job is not computing has done a poor job of improving efficiency said Eric Masanet of Northwestern University's Mccormick School of engineering
and operate the equipment are often not accountable for energy costs or efficiency--a major institutional barrier to sustainable computing.
Koomey noted that the computing efficiency problem is exaggerated sometimes. Data centers consume about 1. 5 percent of the world's electricity
And the Internet overall is reducing greenhouse gas emissions because it distributes goods digitally that once were delivered physically like books music publications and mail.
Typically that ratio is about 1 kilowatt-hour for computing to 0. 8 kwh for the facility.
They purchase processors that are less sensitive to heat. And they use efficient cooling equipment
Laura Smarandescu an assistant professor of marketing and Brian Mennecke an associate professor of information systems did just that using a digital display featuring a rotating image of a salad along with menu information.
#Graphene onion rings have delicious potentialconcentric hexagons of graphene grown in a furnace at Rice university represent the first time anyone has synthesized graphene nanoribbons on metal from the bottom up--atom by atom.
As seen under a microscope the layers brought onions to mind said Rice chemist James Tour until a colleague suggested flat graphene could never be like an onion.
Usually graphene grown in a hot furnace by chemical vapor deposition starts on a seed--a speck of dust or a bump on a copper or other metallic surface.
Experiments in Tour's lab to see how graphene grows under high pressure and in a hydrogen-rich environment produced the first rings.
Under those conditions Tour Rice theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and their teams found that the entire edge of a fast-growing sheet of graphene becomes a nucleation site
The edge lets carbon atoms get under the graphene skin where they start a new sheet.
But because the top graphene grows so fast it eventually halts the flow of carbon atoms to the new sheet underneath.
The bottom stops growing leaving a graphene ring. Then the process repeats. The mechanism relies on that top layer to stop carbon from reaching the bottom so easily Tour said.
The Tour lab pioneered the bulk manufacture of single-atom-thick graphene nanoribbons in 2009 with the discovery that carbon nanotubes could be unzipped chemically into long thin sheets.
The atomic configuration at the edge helps determine graphene's electrical properties. The edges of hexagonal graphene onion rings are zigzags
which make the rings metallic. The big news here he said is that we can change relative pressures of the growth environment of hydrogen
This is dramatically different from regular graphene. Graduate student Zheng Yan a member of Tour's lab and lead author of the paper discovered the new route to nanoribbons
while experimenting with graphene growth under hydrogen pressurized to varying degrees. The sweet spot for rings was at 500 Torr he said.
Yan also determined the top sheet of graphene could be stripped away with argon plasma leaving stand-alone rings.
and turn them into low-voltage transistors he said. They may also be suitable for lithium storage for advanced lithium ion batteries he said.
Tour is the T. T. and W. F. Chao Chair in Chemistry as well as a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and of computer science at Rice.
Calculations were performed on the National Science Foundation-supported Davinci supercomputer at Rice the National Institute for Computational Sciences'Kraken and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center's Hopper.
The team used the Carnegie Landsat Analysis System-lite (CLASLITE) to reveal the vast and previously unmapped extent of heavily logged forest.
Felicia Wu of Michigan State university and Hasan Guclu of the University of Pittsburgh use network models--essentially food trade maps--to track the movement of maize in their article Global Maize Trade and Food security:
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