The U of A researchers'cradle-to-grave life-cycle analysis of milk will provide guidance for producers processors
--farm production and processes--farm-to-processor transportation--processor operations packaging and distribution--retail operations--consumer transportation and storage--post-consumer waste management--overall supply-chain loss
At the processor and distribution level greater emphasis on truck fleet-fuel usage and consumption of electricity will reduce emissions the researchers said.
Likewise processor plant fuel reductions can be achieved through improved steam systems and continued energy-efficiency improvements in other operating practices.
and anomalous copper states in A-site ordered perovskites was published Monday May 13 in Scientific Reports an online journal published by the journal Nature.
The most recent finds are being incorporated into a global database of environmental archives and may provide important information about a number of research questions:
Wikipedia).*)**BP=Before Present: a time-scale that is used in archaeology geology and other sciences to date events in the past.
Wikipedia). ) Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL.
Further in response to the task these women had a decrease in the engagement of a widespread network in the brain that includes emotion-cognition-and sensory-related areas.
The women in the other two groups showed a stable or increased activity in this network.
#Diamonds, nanotubes find common ground in graphenewhat may be the ultimate heat sink is only possible because of yet another astounding capability of graphene.
A diamond film/graphene/nanotube structure was one result of new research carried out by scientists at Rice university
when graphene is used as a middleman surfaces considered unusable as substrates for carbon nanotube growth now have the potential to do so.
By its very nature one-atom-thick graphene is all surface area. The same could be said of carbon nanotubes which are basically rolled-up tubes of graphene.
A vertically aligned forest of carbon nanotubes grown on diamond would disperse heat like a traditional heat sink but with millions of fins.
Such an ultrathin array could save space in small microprocessor-based devices. Further work along these lines could produce such structures as patterned nanotube arrays on diamond that could be utilized in electronic devices Ajayan said.
Graphene and metallic nanotubes are also highly conductive in combination with metallic substrates they may also have advanced uses in electronics he said.
To test their ideas the Honda team grew various types of graphene on copper foil by standard chemical vapor deposition.
They then transferred the tiny graphene sheets to diamond quartz and other metals for further study by the Rice team.
They found that only single-layer graphene worked well and sheets with ripples or wrinkles worked best.
The researchers think graphene facilitates nanotube growth by keeping the catalyst particles from clumping. Ajayan thinks the extreme thinness of graphene does the trick.
In a previous study the Rice lab found graphene shows materials coated with graphene can get wet
but the graphene provides protection against oxidation. That might be one of the big things about graphene that you can have a noninvasive coating that keeps the property of the substrate
but adds value he said. Here it allows the catalytic activity but stops the catalyst from aggregating.
Testing found that the graphene layer remains intact between the nanotube forest and the diamond or other substrate.
On a metallic substrate like copper the entire hybrid is highly conductive. Such seamless integration through the graphene interface would provide low-contact resistance between current collectors
and the active materials of electrochemical cells a remarkable step toward building high-power energy devices said Rice research scientist
The temperate and boreal forests of Europe and North america have been repeated subject to pathogen outbreaks over the last 100 years said Martyn Waller from Kingston University.
In the course of 4 campaigns bats tagged with radio transmitters were followed for several nights to discover their roosts
The disease is common in poor communities where homes may not have adequate screens to keep flying insects out.
and 12 countries outside the United states. The researchers used a computer program called the Weight Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measures students'unconscious preferences for fat or thin individuals.
He is also a postdoctoral fellow on the National Science Foundation-funded research coordination network:
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Training Network (BESTNET. Simonit and Perrings found that only 37 percent of the currently forested area positively impacts dry-season water flows offering up roughly 37.2 million cubic meters of seasonal flow (equivalent to US $16. 37 million
Graphene a single sheet of carbon atoms is the thinnest electrical conductor we know. With the addition of the monolayer molybdenum disulfide and other metal dichalcogenides we have all the building blocks for modern electronics that must be created in atomically thin form.
For example we can now imagine sandwiching two different monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides between layers of graphene to make solar cells that are only eight atoms thick--20 thousand times smaller than a human hair!
To do this they built tiny transistors the most basic component in all of electronics out of the crystals
By 2007 the stains were so prevalent they became a major concern for the conservation of precious rock art at the site that dates back to the Upper Paleolithic.
and prepared a description using Google docs. In this triumph for citizen science talents from around the globe collaborated by using new media in making the discovery.
We had to customise computers and rewrite many of the computer programmes used in similar studies
in order to handle the large amount of DNA sequences says Professor Joakim Lundeberg from Scilifelab. The national data storage system was stretched to the limit
This breakdown is expected for more complex products such as electronics where the energy that goes into manufacturing fine integrated circuits can outweigh the energy expended in processing raw materials.
and research scientist Elsa Olivetti broke down the various steps involved in both materials extraction
Olivetti Kirchain and their colleagues found that for these small light components such processes are energy-intensive
which we hadn't seen in similar products Olivetti adds. Part of that is because it's a synthetic product.
and welding steps Printing certain features onto a shoe instead of affixing them as separate fabrics would also streamline the assembly process.
Kirchain and Olivetti view their results as a guide for companies looking to evaluate the impact of similar products.
which makes a lot of sense Olivetti says. But we tried to identify a set of characteristics that would point you to making sure you were also looking at the manufacturing side--when it matters.
Scientists at the Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB) in the National University of Ireland Galway have published just their breakthrough polymerization method in Nature Communications.
#Top-class biofuel from the depths of the foresttops and branches from tree-felling sites are reborn in the laboratory as compact pellets.
Cheap fuel and Norwegian logging sites are full of it. But it is a poor-quality fuel
Future work will focus on grinding stones from nearby sites to see if this pattern is repeated along the coast.
The surveys included questions about how much time students spent talking to e-mailing or text messaging their parents.
By adapting an algorithm from information theory the researchers found that they could use these distinct gene genealogies to quantify the conflict
We think that the value of DNA data might have a similar limit posing considerable challenges to existing algorithms to resolve radiations that took place in deep time.
By adapting an algorithm from information theory the researchers found that they could use these distinct gene genealogies to quantify the conflict
We think that the value of DNA data might have a similar limit posing considerable challenges to existing algorithms to resolve radiations that took place in deep time.
The rise of the internet and the move from paper to digital information has driven a need for large-volume electronic data storage.
Conventional hard disk drives store a single data bit in a continuous magnetic medium consisting of many'grains'.
which digital information can be stored. The BPMR technique offers much higher storage capacity because it records the data in a regular array of single-grain magnetic islands (see image) that can be much smaller than multiple grain bits in continuous media according to Lin.
'A number of practical hurdles however are preventing the use of BPMR in computer hard disks.
Lin and co-workers used computer simulations to theoretically analyze the optimum number of the synchronization sectors.
and deposited into the GISAID database (http://platform. gisaid. org/epi3/frontend). Genetic analysis of these isolates revealed high homology across all eight gene segments.
Using data from 75 study sites researchers found that high levels of cattle grazing were associated with reduced bunchgrass cover with wider
Impacts are greater on the drier and warmer sites within this region. If the level and amount of gaps indicates that it's necessary changes in grazing could help restore bunchgrass cover maintain a diversity of native grass species
The researchers led by Ram Sasisekharan the Alfred H. Caspary Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT also found that current flu vaccines might not offer protection against these strains.
A recent study led by Joseph Ferraro Ph d. assistant professor of anthropology at Baylor offers new insight in this debate with a wealth of archaeological evidence from the two million-year-old site
The research team worked at the site for more than a decade recovering thousands of animal bones and rudimentary stone tools.
These animals are represented well at the site by most or all of their bones from the tops of their head to the tips of their hooves indicating to researchers that they were transported to the site as whole carcasses.
Many of the bones also show evidence of cut marks made when hominins used simple stone tools to remove animal flesh.
The site also contains a large number of isolated heads of wildebeest-sized antelopes. In contrast to small antelope carcasses the heads of these somewhat larger individuals are able to be consumed several days after death
KJS hominins not only scavenged these head remains they also transported them some distance to the archaeological site before breaking them open
And the strong and weak forces operate in the cores of atoms binding together neutrons and protons or causing those particles to decay.
The researchers confirmed that the cores of these atoms are shaped like pears rather than the more typical spherical orange or elliptical watermelon profiles.
Next software is used to gather real time data and the information is processed through classification algorithms. The results can be viewed on a 3d graph
which distinguishes between the pear and apple scores. This study which is published in the'Sensors
Fauquet and his colleagues in the GCP21--an alliance of scientists developers donors and industry representatives--are gathering at the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center in Italy this week for a conference dedicated to declaring war on cassava viruses in Africa.
and numerous small-scale processors CMD--a Scourge for Cassava on the African Continentscientists at the conference will also consider options for dealing with another devastating virus--the Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD).
while it would take several years for the disease to spread across the continent via whiteflies alone infected stem cuttings could spark outbreaks in new areas overnight.
and environmentally sustainable ways to control whiteflies as well as proposals for new surveillance systems that can better track
Scientists use incredibly complex computer simulations called Earth system models to predict the interactions between climate change and ecosystems such as boreal forests.
because safety screens looked to see how many honey bees die after four days exposure. But harm is only evident over a period of two weeks in bumblebees
The thing that concerns me is that this throws a question mark over several hundred pesticides all tested by inadequate safety screens says Connolly.
and nesting sites are most likely behind bee declines. France has had restrictions of neonicotinoids over the last ten years yet the bees there remain as bad if not worse than they are in the UK.
Even in the wake of whiteboards overhead projectors and tablets chalk is a classroom staple that likely won't become extinct anytime soon.
Previous research has shown that glades are preferred the grazing sites of many large African mammals. Donihue et al.'
Just as our cell phones will need more advanced technology to carry more information plants need better
and Rensselaer Polytechnic institute have set a high performance computing speed record that opens the way to the scientific exploration of complex planetary-scale systems.
Constructed by IBM the 120-rack Sequoia supercomputer has a peak performance of 25 petaflops per second
A petaflop is a quadrillion floating point operations per second. In addition to breaking the record for computing speed the research team set a record for the most highly parallel discrete event simulation with 7. 86 million simultaneous tasks using 1. 97 million cores.
Discrete event simulations are used to model irregular systems with behavior that cannot be described by equations such as communication networks traffic flows economic and ecological models military combat scenarios and many other complex systems.
Prior to the record-setting experiment a preliminary scaling study was conducted at the Rensselaer supercomputing center the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI.
Authors of the study are Peter Barnes Jr. and David Jefferson of LLNL and CCNI Director and computer science professor Chris Carothers and graduate student Justin Lapre of Rensselaer.
and his students and using the Time Warp synchronization algorithm originally developed by Jefferson. The significance of this demonstration is that direct simulation of'planetary scale'models is now in principle at least within reach Barnes said.'
'Planetary scale'in the context of the joint team's work means simulations large enough to represent all 7 billion people in the world or the entire Internet's few billion hosts.
and move aggressively toward exascale computing Carothers said. We are reaching an interesting transition point where our simulation capability is limited more by our ability to develop maintain
and Computing (ASC) program for stewardship of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile a joint effort by LLNL Los alamos National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratories.
http://www. nap. edu/catalog. php? record id=18344story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by National Academy of Sciences.
Before testing the researchers chemically attached liquid crystal molecules--similar to those used in LCD displays--to the silicones.
and pseudochromosomal molecules are reassembled using powerful computers and algorithms. Wheat has the largest genome among crop plants
and sheep can be found at the site.''By studying the levels of isotopes in the bones we can for example find out where the animals were raised
and wheat were farmed at the site they point to elevated levels of the isotope N15 (nitrogen 15).
whereas transistors for example are located on the surface of the silicon disk and accordingly impurities cannot be controlled in solar cells by means of the same methods as those used in microelectronics.
The scientists also tested the Mosoy catalyst anchored on sheets of graphene--an approach that has proven effective for enhancing catalyst performance in electrochemical devices such as batteries supercapacitors fuel cells and water electrolyzers.
and Materials Science Department the scientists were able to observe the anchored Mosoy nanocrystals on 2d graphene sheets.
The graphene-anchored Mosoy catalyst surpassed the performance of pure platinum metal. Though not quite as active as commercially available platinum catalysts the high performance of graphene-anchored Mosoy was extremely encouraging to the scientific team.
The direct growth of anchored Mosoy nanocrystals on graphene sheets may enhance the formation of strongly coupled hybrid materials with intimate seamless electron transfer pathways
thus accelerating the electron transfer rate for the chemical desorption of hydrogen from the catalyst further reducing the energy required for the reaction to take place Sasaki said.
The scientists are conducting additional studies to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the interaction at the catalyst-graphene interface
Spatial variation is at the core of precision agriculture and geostatistics..All aspects of the environment-soil rocks weather vegetation water etc.
The researchers analysed a database of 6255 accidents of this type. Drivers must understand that many roads pass through the habitats of these species
-and mobile phone-based systems to warn drivers as they approach risk zones may be a more efficient system in Galicia and in the rest of Europe.
This technique for studying the stars--sometimes called astronomy in the lab--gives scientists information that cannot be obtained by the traditional techniques of astronomy such as telescope observations or computer modeling.
instead from a core-collapse supernova a massive star that exploded at the end of its life. Because the grains which were found in meteorites from two different bodies of origin have spookily similar isotopic compositions the scientists speculate in the May 1 issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters that they may have come from a single supernova perhaps even the one
which meant it came from a core-collapse supernova not a red giant. He knew that another graduate student in the lab had found a silica grain rich in oxygen-18.
A massive star that will explode at the end of its life a core-collapse supernova has layered a structure rather like that of an onion.
Some theoretical models predicted that silica might be produced in massive oxygen-rich layers near the core of the supernova.
It is also evident from the genetic studies that the surveillance systems in place have not detected close relatives of the original host of these viruses
and gene sequences uploaded to gene databases adding to the pool of data available for comparison by scientists trying to unravel the origin of novel viruses.
APEIR is a unique Asian trust-based EIDS research network composed of over 30 partner institutions from six countries (Cambodia China Indonesia Lao PDR Thailand and Vietnam.
We have established partnerships and networks on the global regional and country levels. Much has been learned from studies conducted by APEIR researchers
or BMI a calculation based on a person's height and weight and which is used widely to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems.
Gardeners were drawn from a pool of individuals active with Wasatch Community Gardens (WCG) a 20-year old nonprofit organization located in Salt lake city. WCG provides a network of urban gardens located throughout the local area
Data for neighbors siblings and spouses were drawn from administrative records using the Utah Population Database a multifaceted data resource used by health researchers.
A total of 375 gardeners were linked to BMI information in the database; once linked driver's license records were used to build a sample of neighbors--individuals matched for age gender
Ulanovsky in cooperation with a US commercial company created a wireless lightweight (12 g about 7%of the weight of the bat) device containing electrodes that measure the activity of individual neurons in the bat's brain.
These transmitters relay the datasets to a satellite system so we are able to remotely monitor the movement of these birds very closely something that has never been done before.
and calculate locations of feeding sites communication spots and dens. Pumas communicate with scent markings known as scrapes where they scrape leaves
Researchers also found 10 den sites belonging to 10 different female lions. They visited 224 GPS clusters where activities suggested a feeding site and located prey remains at 115 sites.
Wilmers said the research is helping identify corridors where pumas typically travel between areas of high-quality habitat.
The primary results indicated the family unit had a strong effect on human microbial community composition across all body sites said Knight.
The weakest relationship on body sites was the father-to-infant connection on the forehead and palms.
and isolating microbial DNA directly from swabs used for sampling each body site. Specific BACTERIAL RNA genes present in the DNA were amplified then using a technique known as PCR
The specific BACTERIAL RNA genes amplified from each sample obtained from each body site of each individual were tagged during the PCR step with a sample-specific DNA barcode developed by Knight's group allowing the team to pool hundreds of samples
and Josh Stolaroff of LLNL and Professor Berend Smit researchers Jihan Kim and Li-Chiang Lin at UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab performed systematic computer
Zeolites are unique structures that can be used for many different types of gas separations and storage applications because of their diverse topology from various networks of the framework atoms.
and connectivity of pore structures and binding sites can lead to enhanced sorption of methane
In these areas women and children often spend hours each day hauling heavy containers of water from the local stream for drinking and to water crop-growing sites up to a half-mile away.
Since 2006 students with the Johns Hopkins chapter of Engineers Without Borders-USA (EWB-USA) have journeyed to Africa to help install low-cost ram pumps devices that date back to the 1700s
The focus is on a particularly inexpensive appropriate and robust type of ram pump designed by a South african named David Alcock.
and community gardeners in other regions to run their own ram pump irrigations systems without relying on outside assistance.
genes sequestered from chloroplasts and more than 700 sites of protein editing. Based on this it appears that the genome has been more
In Jordan for example building codes have been changed to require wastewater recycling to be incorporated into new construction. In Morocco government subsidies for efficient drip irrigation technologies are used also as a lever to encourage farmers to grow value-added crops that make better use of scarce water.
and physiology of the hangover at a symposium Chemistry of the Bar which connects with the ACS meeting's core theme The Chemistry of Energy and Food.
Two undergraduate students in UC's Women In Science and Engineering program gathered hundreds of local soil samples at different sites
purificationuniversity of Cincinnati research at the ancient Maya site of Medicinal Trail in northwestern Belize is revealing how populations in more remote areas--the hinterland societies--built reservoirs to conserve water
The site for Brewer's research which was occupied primarily during the Classic Period (AD 250-900) functioned as a rural architectural community on the periphery of the major ancient Maya site of La Milpa.
Brewer has conducted research at the site since 2006 including spending two years of intensive surveying
and a global leader in providing access to chemistry-related research through its multiple databases peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
and providing recommendations to minimize exposure should continue to be incorporated as part of children's routine medical care noted Jeffrey Fadrowski MD MHS co-author of the study and an assistant professor in Pediatric Nephrology at the Johns Hopkins School of medicine.
Governments have invested billions of dollars to construct reservoirs dams pipelines canals and other infrastructure to bring the vital resource from areas where it is plentiful to where it is scarce.
They analyzed more than 100 water samples collected in 2009 and 2010 from sites above below
The other thing we discovered is that the major site of action of the magic mushrooms is to turn down a circuit in the brain called the'default mode network
The default mode network is a part of the brain between the front and back. It is active
The researchers discovered that the'default mode network'had the highest density of 5ht2a receptors in the brain.
We have found that people with depression have overactive default mode networks and they are locked continually into a mode of thinking about themselves.
Inanc Birol SFU computing science adjunct professor; Dezene Huber (Phd Biol; Maria Li (B. Sc.
Computer Eng..Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Simon Fraser University. Note:
Since its establishment in 2001 the RIKEN Bioresource Center has acted as a core bioresource facility for researchers through the collection preservation and distribution of bioresources.
The study has been published recently in the peer review open access journal Zookeys with distribution data available via Canadensys.
The bees then watched through a screen as their companions chose a particular flower colour
In many cases study sites are being used by multiple investigators. For example some volcanic sites also have glaciers.
The studies also help U S. researchers establish and broaden scientific collaborations with Latin america. Volcano scientists will compare UAVSAR's images taken during this campaign with new imagery collected in 2014 to measure very subtle sub-centimeter changes in Earth's surface associated with the movement of magma deep beneath active volcanoes.
This year's study sites include coastal mangroves in Central and South america. Much of Earth's population lives along coasts
Another study site in Argentina will be overflown by both UAVSAR and The argentine sensor SARAT as part of a collaboration between research scientist Thomas Jackson of the U s. Department of agriculture and Argentina's Comision Nacional
Researchers are using UAVSAR's vegetation and cloud penetrating capabilities to search for unrecorded archaeological features in an attempt to preserve sensitive sites from encroaching civilization.
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