#Buying breast milk online is likely to cause illness in infantsresults from a study led by researchers at Nationwide Children's Hospital found more than three-fourths of breast milk samples purchased over the Internet contained bacteria that can cause illness
but an earlier study cited 13000 postings were placed on U s. milk sharing websites in 2011.
We were surprised so many samples had such high bacterial counts and even fecal contamination in the milk most likely from poor hand hygiene.
Individuals posted classified ads on websites describing the breast milk they wanted to sell or why they were seeking breast milk.
Researchers responded to ads from sellers who did not ask about the infant receiving milk
and who did not require a phone call before a transaction was made. Researchers analyzed 101 samples bought online
and compared the findings to 20 samples obtained from a milk bank. In the U s. twelve nonprofit milk banks follow the Human Milk Banking Association of North america guidelines
and provide pasteurized milk from carefully screened donors to fragile and sick infants. Because the milk banks pasteurize their milk harmful bacteria are killed before the milk reaches an infant unlike milk purchased online.
Even before pasteurization the milk bank samples were less likely to contain several types of bacteria
and had lower bacterial growth in many instances. Shipping practices also played a role in the levels of bacteria in the milk purchased online.
The longer the shipping time the more contaminated the milk. Nineteen percent of sellers did not include dry ice
or another cooling method and the temperature of the milk was recommended outside of range for storage.
Researchers found particularly high levels of one or more types of bacteria in 17 percent of the samples.
Information provided by sellers in their classified ads online such as I eat an organic diet
or great quality had no direct implication on the safety of the breast milk. However sellers often did not include information about the use of hygienic milk handling
or storage practices screening for diseases transmissible by milk or limiting or abstaining from legal or illegal drugs.
Major milk-sharing websites post a lot of guidance about milk collection storage shipping and provider screening.
Based on our research it is not safe to buy breast milk online and the Food and Drug Administration recommends against sharing milk obtained in that way.
if the milk has been tampered with or contains harmful drugs or pharmaceuticals or if the information the provider supplied about their health was truthful.
if a particular infant would be sickened by consuming any given bottle of milk but the types of bacteria found in the online samples contained bacteria that could cause illnesses known to be linked to contaminated breast milk.
Milk banks are a safer alternative for breast milk for sick babies if the mother cannot provide milk
because donors receive proper instructions and the milk is pasteurized limiting the risk of bacterial illness said Dr. Keim.
Human breast milk can help strengthen the immune system and has been shown to protect against severe illnesses like necrotizing enterocolitis a potentially deadly condition affecting thousands of infants each year.
Dr. Keim said women who have extra milk should consider donating it to a milk bank where the milk can be handled properly
and they will ensure it goes to a baby who badly needs it rather than selling it.
Our research results may not apply to situations where milk is shared among friends or relatives or donated rather than sold--the potential risks of those situations are understood less well said Dr. Keim.
Moms pumping for their own child should sanitize the parts of the breast pump that come into contact with the milk use clean containers
and handling milk. Also keep milk cold and feed it to the baby soon. Our goal is to identify infant feeding practices that optimize child and maternal health.
and hear from a mom who safely used the milk bank: http://www. youtube. com/watch?
and whole grains-Consume high-fat dairy instead of low-fat dairy-Take a regular women's multivitaminapproximately 40 percent of infertility issues are attributed to men according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
and breast milk-fed newborns greater increases in fecal bifidobacteria occurred in the B. infantis groups than in the B. lactis groups.
and dieldrin can be transferred through breast milk he said. We don't know enough about how these contaminants behave synergistically Carpenter said especially
and low-fat dairy consumption among rural elementary students who were exposed to the CHANGE study intervention compared with students in control schools says lead author Juliana F. W. Cohen Scm Scd Department
#¢Ate similar amounts of fruits vegetables whole grains dairy potatoes/potato products saturated fats and sugars as students in control schools#¢Consumed significantly more legumesas a result of the intervention
placebo pill and milk powder; venlafaxine an antidepressant commonly prescribed to treat hot flashes in women and milk powder protein;
soy protein powder and placebo pill; or venlafaxine and milk powder. Hot flash symptom severity and frequency and quality of life were assessed by the researchers.
The researchers found that neither venlafaxine nor soy protein alone or in combination reduced hot flashes in men.
Zebus produce more meat and milk than Baoul but fall severely ill when infected with trypanosomes.
Crossing large breeds of cattle that produce a lot of meat and milk such as the Zebu with the smaller but immunologically stronger Baoul could be very beneficial for farming in Africa.
When ruminants such as cows goats and sheep are consuming the plants from a silvopastoral system researchers have seen an increase in growth and milk production.
Milk production in the tropical silvopastoral system mentioned above was 4. 13 kg per cow
As the numbers of animals per hectare was much greater production of good quality milk per hectare was four to five times greater on the silvopastoral system.
Increase of MRSA in pigs In 2012 709 pigs at abattoirs and 219 samples of tank milk from dairy cattle were examined also for MRSA.
MRSA found in tank milk from dairy cattle Last year was the first year that tank milk was examined for the presence of MRSA.
Raw milk and dairy products are considered not a source of MRSA as the raw milk is pasteurized and subjected to several other treatments.
In addition there were 580000 dairy cattle in Denmark producing 4928 million kg of milk. Meat was examined for MRSA in the period 2009-11
when they should still be on an exclusive breast milk diet say the researchers. They wanted to find out what sort of products are available in the UK for weaning infants from a predominantly milk based diet to a family food based diet
and to assess their nutritional value. The weaning process aims to introduce infants to a wider range of tastes textures
The products included ready-made soft wet foods powdered meals to be reconstituted with milk or water breakfast cereals and finger foods such as rusks.
Analysis of the 410 spoonable foods revealed that their energy content (282 kilojoules per 100 grams) was almost identical to that of breast milk (283kj/100g.
And their protein content was only 40%higher than formula milk. Products containing meat had the highest iron content
when they will replace the breast (or formula milk) which is all that babies under six months really need they explain.
While it is understandable that parents may choose to use these products early in the weaning process health professionals should be aware that such food will not add to the nutrient density of a milk diet they conclude.
and milk to beer and wine--will help California more accurately determine the number of allowances allocated to these manufacturing facilities.
and dairy processing being particularly challenging for the researchers) and the industries of petroleum refining and glass manufacturing.
The Northwestern group led by Masanet worked on the tomato canning dairy processing snack foods and wine industries.
and beverage coloring he said citing fruit drinks vitamin waters ice cream and yogurt. They are stable for instance
It takes about 2500 bugs to produce one ounce of cochineal extract used in ice creams yogurts candy beverages and other foods.
A higher adherence to the diet means higher daily intakes of fruit and vegetables and fish and reduced intakes of meat and dairy products.
and dairy products is known to be beneficial for health owing to its protective effects in many chronic diseases according to the study background.
When individual components of Medi were analyzed higher dairy consumption (hazard ratio 2. 36) and higher caloric intake were associated with risk of phenoconversion according to the study results.
#Digesting milk in Ethiopia: A case of multiple genetic adaptationsa genetic phenomenon that allows for the selection of multiple genetic mutations that all lead to a similar outcome--for instance the ability to digest milk--has been characterised for the first time in humans.
The phenomenon known as a'soft selective sweep'was described in the population of Ethiopia and reveals that individuals from the Eastern African population have adapted to be able to digest milk but via different mutations in their genetic material.
A team of geneticists from UCL University of Addis ababa and Roskilde University have shown that five different alleles are found in the Ethiopian population that cause adult lactase production one of which is confirmed newly.
Our genetic make-up determines our ability to digest milk into adulthood. Just over a third of the global population have inherited genes that allow us to make lactase the enzyme that digests milk as adults.
This study shows that several different genetic changes that allow our bodies to make lactase have emerged independently.
when we are babies to digest our mother's milk so in babies large amounts of lactase enzyme are expressed by our genes.
When we are older we no longer rely on our mother's milk for essential nutrients so in most humans manufacture of the lactase enzyme stops through de-activation of the corresponding gene.
Only in the last 5-10000 years have started humans drinking the milk of other animals following advances in our ability to herd animals.
In times of plenty being able to drink the milk of other animals would not have given a particular advantage to those with lactase persistence.
However in situations where food sources became scarce individuals capable of producing lactase as adults would be able to drink the milk of their animals increasing their chances of survival.
Individuals who can digest milk are more likely to increase their chance of survival under these conditions.
#Spread of farming and origin of lactase persistence in Neolithic Agescientists have brought to light the spread of dairy farming in Europe and the development of milk tolerance in adult humans.
It was after the transition from a hunter-gatherer society to that of a settled farming culture in the Neolithic period that dairy-related animal husbandry first evolved
The processing of milk to make cheese and yogurt contributed significantly to the development of dairy farming as this represented a way of reducing the lactose content of fresh milk to tolerable levels making a valuable foodstuff available to the human population.
Until 8000 years ago humans were only able to digest lactose a form of sugar present in fresh milk during childhood
because as adults they lost the ability to produce endogenous lactase the enzyme required to break down lactose.
and digest milk. This two-step milk revolution may have been a prime factor in allowing bands of farmers
and herders from the south to sweep through Europe and displace the hunter-gatherer cultures that had lived there for millennia specifies the article in Nature with reference to the Leche project.
and their mentors from different disciplines i e. anthropology archeology chemistry and genetics has been looking at the role played by milk cheese
and yogurt in the early colonization of Europe and has published numerous important articles on the subject.
and northern Europeans descend from just a small group of Neolithic farmers who happened to be able to digest fresh milk even after weaning explained Burger.
Among the most exciting results obtained by the Leche group were the detection of milk fat residues in numerous Neolithic pottery remains
but thinking about orange juice he says that may change the way you experience the milk.
whether the milk is spoiled or not. If you expect it to be orange juice and it tastes like orange juice it's fine.
But if you expected it to be milk you'd think something was wrong. Story Source:
Among these cattle farming for meat and milk are major sources of methane a gas with a potent warming effect.
--and make sure to include them in our calculations of overall climatic effects of dairy and beef farming.
Surprisingly gemsbok diet also consisted of up to 25%of Damara milk-bush (Euphorbia damarana) an endemic large succulent plant
The potential effects of the Damara milk-bush on gemsbok health are still unknown. However by extensively using this poisonous plant gemsbok succeed in surviving environmental challenges.
whether differences in the S. aureus strains differences between pigs and cattle or differences between swine and dairy farming practices might be responsible.
and vegetables low-fat dairy products and whole grains while minimizing saturated and total fat they conclude.
Data from 1714 sixth grade students enrolled in Project Healthy Schools showed girls who drank two servings of milk each day were less likely to be obese
Milk consumption seemed to protect girls from obesity but made no difference for boys. A possible explanation would be a reduction in sugary drinks
which girls replaced with milk. In the study 61 percent of obese boys and 63 percent of obese girls reported watching television for two or more hours a day.
and milk could feed an additional 815 million people. The researchers emphasized that they are not making diet prescriptions or recommendations just pointing out opportunities for gains in food production.
#A glass of milk after eating sugary cereals may prevent cavitieswashing down sugary breakfast cereal with milk after eating reduces plaque acid levels
The new study performed by Wu's former graduate student Shilpa Naval involved 20 adults eating 20 grams of dry Froot Loops cereal then drinking different beverages--whole milk 100
Pure water has a ph close to 7. Participants who drank milk after eating sugary cereal showed the highest ph rise from 5. 75 to 6. 48 at 30 minutes.
Our study results show that only milk was able to reduce acidity of dental plaque resulting from consuming sugary Froot Loops said Naval who is currently a fellow at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
We believe that milk helped mitigate the damaging effect of fermentable carbohydrate and overcome the previously lowered plaque ph. Milk with a ph ranging from 6. 4 to 6. 7 is considered to be a functional food that fights cavities
because it promotes tooth remineralization and inhibits the growth of plaque Wu said. Wu says most consumers think that
since milk is considered to be cavity-fighting acid production by plaque bacteria can be minimized by mixing it with cereal.
and milk became syrupy. Eating cereal combined with milk lowered plaque ph to levels similar to that obtained after rinsing with a 10 percent sugar solution.
Eating sugar-added cereal with milk followed by drinking fruit juice is thus a highly cavity-causing combination Wu said.
Diet plays an important role in oral health Wu said. Studies of food intake and cavities have focused mainly on the sugar or carbohydrate content.
#¢Offer healthy choices like yogurt fruits and veggies.#¢#¢If they want kid stuff baked chips can be an option in moderation.#¢
and low-fat dairy. Avoid beverages high in sugar especially soda and alcohol. Manore said half of a plate of food should be filled with fruits
and green leafy vegetables fruits fortified breakfast cereals soy drinks nuts and milk products (for vegetarians who consume dairy).
The heavier stable isotope of nitrogen-15 found in manure mimics the isotopic effect of a diet rich in meat and milk.
because meat and dairy are a small share of diets especially in developing countries. To conduct the study Valin
It can be found in milk yogurts and other dairy products as well as snacks cereal bars and candy.
In her studies she found children like fat and sugar and somewhat surprisingly fruit is at the top of the list of food choices followed by starches meat and eggs dairy and vegetables.
In the study he and his co-authors conducted this year 59 MBA students at the University of California Los angeles were asked during midterm exams which snack they would like from an array that included healthy snacks (fruit nonfat yogurt whole wheat crackers
Potentially hazardous foods such as milk cheeses and raw meat and poultry also are popular at these venues.
Low fertility is a big problem for the dairy and beef industry Liu said. In the past 60 years we paid more attention to milk
or beef production as a sign of herd success but even as milk production goes up the animal's fertility goes down
which means it's time to pay more attention to male fertility now. The researchers identified 1274 genes in the male specific region of the bovine Y chromosome compared to the 31 to 78 genes associated in the Y chromosomes of various primates.
Important role of insulin in making breast milk identifiedwhy do so many mothers have difficulty making enough milk to breastfeed?
The researchers used next generation sequencing technology RNA sequencing to reveal in exquisite detail the blueprint for making milk in the human mammary gland according to Laurie Nommsen-Rivers Phd RD IBCLC a scientist
or having a large birth-weight baby it takes longer for their milk to come in suggesting a role for insulin in the mammary gland.
For a long time insulin was thought not to play a direct role in regulating the milk-making cells of the human breast
Considering that 20 percent of women between 20 and 44 are prediabetic it's conceivable that up to 20 percent of new mothers in the United states are at risk for low milk supply due to insulin dysregulation.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and her colleagues were able to use a noninvasive method to capture mammary gland RNA--a chain of molecules that are blueprints for making specified proteins--in samples of human breast milk.
This approach revealed a highly sensitive portrait of the genes being expressed in human milk-making cells.
They discovered an orchestrated switching on and off of various genes as the mammary gland transitions from secreting small amounts of immunity-boosting colostrum in the first days after giving birth to the copious production of milk in mature lactation.
In particular the PTPRF gene which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are triggered usually by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.
whether it improves insulin action in the mammary gland thus improving milk supply. While a drug is not an ideal way to solve the problem of sub-optimal glucose metabolism impairing breastfeeding according to Dr. Nommsen-Rivers it is excellent for establishing proof-of-concept through the use of a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers began her quest to understand why so many U s. mothers today struggle with low milk supply
Important role of insulin in making breast milk identifiedwhy do so many mothers have difficulty making enough milk to breastfeed?
The researchers used next generation sequencing technology RNA sequencing to reveal in exquisite detail the blueprint for making milk in the human mammary gland according to Laurie Nommsen-Rivers Phd RD IBCLC a scientist
or having a large birth-weight baby it takes longer for their milk to come in suggesting a role for insulin in the mammary gland.
For a long time insulin was thought not to play a direct role in regulating the milk-making cells of the human breast
Considering that 20 percent of women between 20 and 44 are prediabetic it's conceivable that up to 20 percent of new mothers in the United states are at risk for low milk supply due to insulin dysregulation.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and her colleagues were able to use a noninvasive method to capture mammary gland RNA--a chain of molecules that are blueprints for making specified proteins--in samples of human breast milk.
This approach revealed a highly sensitive portrait of the genes being expressed in human milk-making cells.
They discovered an orchestrated switching on and off of various genes as the mammary gland transitions from secreting small amounts of immunity-boosting colostrum in the first days after giving birth to the copious production of milk in mature lactation.
In particular the PTPRF gene which is known to suppress intracellular signals that are triggered usually by insulin binding to its receptor on the cell surface may serve as a biomarker linking insulin resistance with insufficient milk supply.
whether it improves insulin action in the mammary gland thus improving milk supply. While a drug is not an ideal way to solve the problem of sub-optimal glucose metabolism impairing breastfeeding according to Dr. Nommsen-Rivers it is excellent for establishing proof-of-concept through the use of a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers began her quest to understand why so many U s. mothers today struggle with low milk supply
#Organic milk is poorer in iodine than conventional milkmilk from organic farms has a lower concentration of elements like zinc iodine
and selenium than milk produced by conventional farming methods. The discrepancy is due to the absence of mineral substances in the diets of the cows reared.
For this reason researchers at the University of Santiago de compostela compared the mineral and toxic elements of organic and conventional milk taken from over thirty farms located in the northeast of the Iberian peninsula.
The results demonstrated that mineral element content in organic milk is compared low with conventional milk
and zinc--are higher than those found in organic milk Marta LÃ pez researcher at the University of Santiago de compostela
In the researcher's opinion the fact that organic milk contains lower levels of elements such as copper
because milk is not the primary source of these elements in our diets. Iodine is another matter LÃ pez goes on to clarify.
in other countries like England with milk. In Spain the lack of sufficient iodine in some kinds of milk is especially relevant for children due to the importance of iodine in neurological development
but also to people with diets low in salt. Iodine is necessary for the metabolism especially during pregnancy and infancy.
In any case although one might draw the conclusion that conventional milk is more nutritious in terms of minerals LÃ pez is cautious:
Organic milk may have lower content of certain minerals but it has other properties that are much more beneficial than those of conventional milk.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Plataforma SINC. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The researchers also tested a dairy biotechnology called rbst. This biotechnology is a synthetic version of a cattle hormone that does not affect humans.
Many producers inject cows with rbst to help them produce more milk. In their experiment the researchers gave rbst to a test group of cows
They discovered that the rbst group produced more milk per cow. When cows produce more milk greenhouse gas emissions decrease
because farms need fewer cows. Dr. Kim Stackhouse National Cattleman's Beef Association Director of Sustainability said animal agriculture has reduced emissions through the use of technologies.
of grains grasses and meat and dairy from grazing animals. In four new studies of carbon isotopes in fossilized tooth enamel from scores of human ancestors and baboons in Africa from 4 million to 10000 years ago a team of two dozen researchers found a surprise
#Dairys carbon footprint: Flatulence tops the listresearchers at the University of Arkansas are attempting to help the U s. dairy industry decrease its carbon footprint as concentrations of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere reach record levels.
In 2007 Americans consumed approximately 17.4 million metric tons of fluid milk--milk consumed as a drink
or with cereal rather than milk used in dairy products such as cheese yogurt and ice cream. The dairy industry has set a goal of 25 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
The U of A researchers'cradle-to-grave life-cycle analysis of milk will provide guidance for producers processors
and others in the dairy supply chain and will help these stakeholders reduce their environmental impact
while maintaining long-term viability. Based in part on growing consumer awareness of sustainability issues in our food supply chain the U s. dairy industry is working to further improve the environmental performance of its production processes
and supply chain in a way that is also economically sustainable said Greg Thoma professor of chemical engineering. Our analysis provides a documented baseline for their improvement efforts.
It is a source for understanding the factors that influence environmental impact. Thoma and an interdisciplinary team of U of A researchers looked at all facets
and stages of milk production from the fertilizer used to grow the animal's feed to waste disposal of packaging after consumer use.
and wastethe researchers found that for every kilogram of milk consumed in the United states per year 2. 05 kilograms of greenhouse gases on average are emitted over the entire supply chain to produce process
and distribute that milk. This is equivalent to approximately 17.4 pounds per gallon. The greenhouse gases were measured as carbon dioxide equivalents and included methane refrigerants and other gases that trap radiation.
The researchers identified many areas where the industry can reduce impact within feed and milk production processing and distribution retail and the supply chain.
Similar suggestions have already been made for yogurt packaging and containers. Finally the researchers recommended a careful examination of trucking transport distances to realize greater optimization and efficiency of routes.
Their study was published as a special issue Carbon and Water Footprint of U s. Milk From Farm to Table of the International Dairy Journal in April.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011