The single-walled carbon nanotubes in new fibers created at Rice line up like a fistful of uncooked spaghetti through a process designed by chemist Angel Martã and his colleagues.
so that patients'do not forgo eating maintaining patients'positive nutritional status is vital during cancer treatment.
and 54 patients in Arm 3 received one lozenge consisting of 10 ml of dehydrated Manuka honey four times per day.
so that patients can continue eating their normal diet said lead study author Lawrence Berk MD chief of radiation oncology Morsani School of medicine at the University of South Florida Tampa.
because it does have a high sugar load. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO.
The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act authorized the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate tobacco products and required new pictorial labels for cigarette packs.
In the eastern United states fears of contaminated drinking water have raised more concerns than fracking's water consumption.
Gas and chemicals from humanmade fractures thousands of meters underground very rarely seep upward to drinking-water aquifers the study says.
Is the methane contamination observed in drinking water a precursor to other toxins--arsenic various salts radioactive radium
The FFDAS uses information from satellite feeds national fuel accounts and a new global database on power plants to create high-resolution planetary maps.
Plant parasitic nematodes are microorganisms that feed on the nutrients absorbed by the roots of plants;
According to Carrion Villarnovo funding opportunities were sought and the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) through the Sectoral Innovation Fund was the organization that supported the project.
She also mentiones that the science team at INECOL also works in changing habits and customs of farmers that favor the introduction and spread of agricultural pests and diseases mainly in the region of the Cofre de Perote;
and meat-rich diets said Gretchen Daily the Bing Professor in Environmental science at Stanford and senior author on the paper.
and has gone so far as to establish the economic value of pest-eating birds and crop-pollinating bees.
They then analyzed the species spread across those types of places and calculated phylogenetic diversity in each.
and have very specific needs such as diet that can only be met in those environments. The researchers also outline a theory that human agriculture is simply tipping the scale in favor of species that trace their origin to similar conditions.
#Evolutionary tools improve prospects for sustainable developmentsolving societal challenges in food security emerging diseases and biodiversity loss will require evolutionary thinking
and biodiversity loss two challenges ultimately caused by exposure to food and environments to which people and threatened wildlife are adapted poorly.
A particular worry is unaddressed that the need for management of evolution that spans multiple sectors will lead to the spread of new infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance genes between natural human health and agricultural systems.
It is clear that we need to strengthen evolutionary biology linkages across nature conservation food production
By encouraging cost sharing local communities and governments play a crucial role in ensuring that everybody gains from the benefits of using evolutionary biology to realise the long-term goals of sustainable development such as increasing food security protecting biodiversity
'Many factors can possibly influence host plant choice including food quality and quantity climatic conditions synchronization physiological conditions in both insect and food plant genetic modifications etc.
Some of these factors are not stable and change in different environmental conditions so an insect can change its choice of food plant on the basis of seeking the most beneficial complex of factors.
It seems that in the northern regions of Iran and luckily for rice crops the problematic arrowheads present the best choice for G. permixtana.'
and Danone Nutricia Research have shown the effect of a fermented milk product containing probiotics on the gut microbiota using a novel high resolution bioinformatics tool.
Fermented foods and especially yoghurts contain large amounts of live bacteria. We have been consuming them
Building on these new technologies teams from INRA and Danone Nutricia Research succeeded in analyzing for the first time with great accuracy the effects of consuming a fermented milk product containing probiotics such as Bifidobacterium lactis on gut bacteria.
Today dozens of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are marketed in certain foods such as yoghurts or fermented milk products.
On the other hand the amount of omega-6 fat in mother's milk--fats that come from vegetable oils such as corn
In countries where mother's diets contain more omega-6 the beneficial effects of DHA seem to be reduced.
Since there is never a free lunch those big brains need lots of extra building materials--most importantly they need omega-3 fatty acids especially DHA.
But because diets vary from place to place for their study Gaulin and his co-author William D. Lassek M d. a professor at the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate school of Public health
and the bad fat--in diets in 50 countries by examining published studies of the fatty acid profiles of women's breast milk.
and from the local diet available to their mothers and to them after they are weaned.
At that time we weren't trying to identify the dietary cause explained Gaulin. We found that this depot that has been elaborated evolutionarily in women is important to building a good brain.
Now the researchers are looking at diet as the key to brain-building fat since mothers need to acquire these fats in the first place.
because our current agribusiness-based diets provide very low levels of DHA--among the lowest in the world.
That's one reason margarine became so popular. But the polyunsaturated fats that were increased were the ones with omega-6 not omega-3.
Gaulin added that mayonnaise is in general the most omega-6-laden food in the average person's refrigerator.
The team used these insights to develop new food supplements which are currently being trialled to decrease risk of developing diabetes and heart disease.
By understanding how this process works and increasing Nrf2's speed without putting cells under threat new strategies for design of healthier foods
Commenting on the research Professor Andreu Palou coordinator of the EU-funded BIOCLAIMS research programme said A main nutritional challenge in Europe is to substantiate the beneficial effects of foods that are advertised to the consumers.
The study which looked at scat samples for leopards in India's Ahmednagar's district in Maharashtra found that 87 percent of their diet was made up of domestic animals.
Seventeen percent of the leopard's diet consisted of assorted wild animals including rodents monkeys and mongoose and birds.
Livestock despite being made more abundant up a relatively small portion of the leopard's diet.
but collectively made up less than 20 percent of leopard's food. Most domestic cattle in this region are too large to be preyed on by leopards.
The study also finds that the majority of this illegal destruction was driven by overseas demand for agricultural commodities including palm oil beef soy and wood products.
but this is the first report to show the outsize role that illegal activities play in the production of hundreds of food
Increased agricultural production will be necessary for food security and to meet the demand of the emerging global middle class.
and soy plantations as required by Brazilian law. Much of this occurred prior to 2004 when the Brazilian government took steps to successfully reduce deforestation.)
of which wind up in cosmetics or household goods (palm oil) animal feed (soy) and packaging (wood products).
and who depend on them for their food and incomes. All over the tropics companies are bribing officials to obtain permits trampling the legal
Export Agriculture a Key Driver of Illegal Deforestationaccording to the report the international trade in agricultural commodities (beef leather soy palm oil
The study estimates that almost 40%of all palm oil 20%of all soy nearly 33%of tropical timber
and 14%of all beef traded internationally comes from land that had been deforested illegally. Nearly one-fifth (17%)of Brazilian beef 75%of Brazilian soy and 70-80%of the palm oil and plantation wood and pulp from Indonesia were destined for foreign markets.
Five football fields of tropical forest are being destroyed every minute to supply these export commodities said Lawson noting that the report's figures were obtained using conservative estimates based on documented violations of significant impact.
#Mosquito fact and fictionone of Jason Pitts'favorite stories is about mosquitoes and their strange attraction to Limburger cheese.
In the 1990's Dutch biologists put Limburger cheese in a wind tunnel with malaria mosquitoes and were surprised to find that females were drawn to the smell he said.
Natural repellants such as clove oil citronella lemon grass eucalyptus castor oil peppermint lavender and cedar oil all work to a limited extent Pitts said
According to some studies mosquitoes are attracted more strongly to human breath after a person has downed a beer
The report identifies 33 species like the northern bobwhite quail grasshopper sparrow and bank swallow that do not meet the Watch List criteria
which to prevent the spoilage of food. Mushrooms were selected for the study due to their low cost
The mushrooms therefore serve as a model organism for the study of the pathway involved in food spoilage.
The enzyme responsible for the mechanism of food spoilage is formed within eukaryotes (organisms that have a nucleus) as an inactive precursor during the developmental phase of an organism.
when replacement kidneys can be built in the lab. The results are a promising indicator that it is possible to produce a fully functional vascular system that can deliver nutrients
If sustained over several decades agricultural innovation in Africa would eventually conserve land and decrease carbon emissions especially
but increasing global food supplies while minimizing the environmental footprint of agriculture remains a major challenge.
The longer the bacteria stick around in workers'noses the researchers say the greater the opportunity for them to potentially spread to hog workers'families their communities
#Plant diversity in China vital for global food securitywith climate change threatening global food supplies new research claims the rich flora of China could be crucial to underpin food security in the future.
and maintain 28 globally important crops including rice wheat soybean sorghum banana apple citrus fruits grape stone fruits
which helps sustain food production. Furthermore they can be utilised to improve the nutritional and marketing qualities of crops.
The research carried out by academics from the University of Birmingham represents a significant contribution to global research in plant genetic resources for food and agriculture particularly in the fight against the detrimental impacts of climate change on food security.
With more plant species than Europe and CWR of globally important food crops its position as a provider of plant genetic resources for crop improvement is crucial to us all globally.
say scientistswild species related to our crops which are crucial as potential future food resources have been identified by University of Birmingham scientists
which are needed for future crop variety development--could be conserved in the wild in order to secure future global food resources.
Climate change along with a steady rise in the human population is forecast to have a detrimental impact on crops that are grown for food.
which will help to underpin future food security. Now a comprehensive database of globally important CWR exists thanks to this study.
A new initiative led by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UN with help from scientists at the University of Birmingham will for the first time plan
'It is very important that we conserve these species in secure gene banks but it is critical to conserve them in their natural habitat as they will continue to adapt to changes in the climate as well as threats from pests and diseases.''
so it is now even more crucial that we conserve crop wild relatives as part of the wider need to address global food security issues.'
But in the early 1970s parthenium entered Ethiopia in shipments of food aid from the United states. With no serious contenders the plant flourished.
and their milk and meat becomes bitter and useless. The Innovation Lab built a quarantine facility in 2007 to ensure that the pea-sized beetle had eyes for parthenium alone.
but when fires get out of control they can burn huge areas and spread to neighboring homes and settlements.
#Global food trade may not meet all future demand, study indicatesas the world population continues to grow by about 1 billion people every 12 to 14 years
since the 1960s the global food supply may not meet escalating demand--particularly for agriculturally poor countries in arid to semiarid regions such as Africa's Sahel that already depend on imports for much of their food supply.
A new University of Virginia study published online in the American Geophysical Union journal Earth's Future examines global food security
and the patterns of food trade that--until this analysis--have been studied minimally. Using production and trade data for agricultural food commodities collected by the United nations'Food and agriculture organization the study reconstructs the global food trade network in terms of food calories traded among countries.
We found that in the period between 1986 and 2009 the amount of food that is traded has doubled more than
and the global food network has become 50 percent more interconnected said Paolo D'Odorico a U. Va. professor of environmental sciences and the study's lead author.
International food trade now accounts for 23 percent of global food production much of that production moving from agriculturally rich countries to poorer ones.
D'Odorico noted that food production during that more than two-decade period increased by 50 percent providing an amount of food that would be feed sufficient to the global population with an increasing reliance on redistribution through trade.
The study provides a detailed analysis of the role of food trade in different regions of the world with maps showing areas of food self-sufficiency and trade dependency.
D'Odorico and his co-authors demonstrate that most of Africa and the Middle east are not self-sufficient
but trade has improved access to food in the middle East and in the Sahel region a vast populous semiarid region stretching across the central portion of the African continent that otherwise would not be able to produce enough food for its populations.
The investigators found however that trade has eradicated not food insufficiency in Sub-saharan africa and Central asia. Overall in the last two decades there has been an increase in the number of trade-dependent countries that reach sufficiency through their reliance on trade D'Odorico said.
Those countries may become more vulnerable in periods of food shortage such as happened during a food crises in 2008 and 2011
when the governments of some producing countries banned or limited food experts causing anxiety in many trade-dependent countries.
The food crises to which D'Odorico refers were caused by extreme climate events that brought drought conditions to several food-exporting nations including Russia Ukraine
and the United states. He found that 13 agricultural products--wheat soybean palm oil maize sugars and others--make up 80 percent of the world's diet and food trade.
He also found that China is greatly increasing its consumption of meat which already is changing land-use patterns in that country--meat production requires significantly more land area then crops.
Fats and proteins tend to increase with the economic development of emerging countries he said.
An increase in consumption of animal products is further enhancing the human pressure on croplands and rangelands.
D'Odorico notes that some countries such as the U s . and Brazil are blessed with climates and soils that are conducive to high agricultural yields
and therefore are major exporters of food to agriculturally poor nations. However as populations grow
and the world food supply increasingly depends on this connection D'Odorico said. The food security for rapidly growing populations in the world increasingly is dependent on Trade in the future that trade may not always be reliable due to uncertainties in crop yields
and food price volatility resulting from climate change. Trade can redistribute food but it cannot necessarily increase its availability.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Virginia. The original article was written by Fariss Samarrai.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference e
#Texas producers find new oil fields: Olive grovestexas has been known for its oil production for almost 150 years.
For some growers the new crop represents a niche that can be marketed to a consumer base that is seeking healthy foods produced locally.
Light nutrients and water he said. Weed control is critical for the establishment of any perennial crop.
Some people are stress eaters and others tend to eat more when watching TV Gilchrist said.
Alcohol can further complicate matters particularly for heart patients. Since alcohol is metabolized by the liver it can alter the way heart medications
and other drugs work in the body Gilchrist said. Drug interactions aside physicians generally recommend limiting alcohol intake to two drinks per day for both dietary and behavioral reasons.
Binge drinking is bad because alcohol contains empty calories Gilchrist said. Since alcohol decreases your inhibitions you are more likely to overeat
or eat things that you might normally avoid. You can try substituting light beers for regular beers
or mix a half glass of wine with seltzer to make it go further. Gilchrist recommends several tips to keep these issues under control
while watching the big game: â#¢Help minimize stress by watching the game with people you enjoy. â#¢Knock out a few pushups
and situps during commercial breaks. â#¢Chew gum or squeeze a stress ball to reduce anxiety
and smooth out your emotions. â#¢Take a brief walk at halftime or if you are attending the game take a walk around the stadium
or to another section to meet a friend. â#¢Manage your net dietary intake by planning ahead
and making healthier choices at other times of day in anticipation of splurging a bit during the game. â
#¢If tailgating at the stadium try to conserve calories earlier in the day. â #¢If tailgating at home consider using vegetables in place of chips for dips
and substitute Greek yogurt for sour cream or cream cheese dips. â#¢Because sodium causes fluid retention--something especially bad for heart patients--a good rule of thumb is to avoid foods that have more than 1 mg of sodium per calorie.
At about 0. 5 mg of sodium per calorie natural foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables generally contain much less so opt for them
whenever possible. â#¢Do your best to avoid sodas which are extremely high in sodium.
For a collection of winning snacks main courses side dishes and desserts download UAB's Heart Healthy Tailgate Recipes.
Even the smallest choices can have a positive impact on your health so make a point to incorporate many small changes rather than setting unrealistic goals such as staying away from fun foods altogether Gilchrist said.
In the end your health will win --even if your team does not. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Alabama at Birmingham.
The farm generates income from three main sources--forage hay native plant seed and more recently grass-fed beef he explained.
The native grasses require less input than rowcrops while resulting in less erosion better soil and water quality and more wildlife.
Martin Heller and Gregory Keoleian of U-M's Center for Sustainable Systems looked at the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of about 100 foods as well as the potential effects of shifting Americans to a diet
while keeping caloric intake constant diet-related greenhouse gas emissions would increase 12 percent. If Americans reduced their daily caloric intake to the recommended level of about 2000 calories
while shifting to a healthier diet greenhouse gas emissions would decrease by only 1 percent according to Heller and Keoleian.
A paper by Heller and Keoleian titled Greenhouse gas emission estimates of U s. dietary choices and food loss is scheduled for online publication Sept. 5 in the Journal of Industrial Ecology.
and environmental agendas are aligned not in the current dietary recommendations Heller said. The paper's findings are especially relevant now
because the USDA Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee is for the first time considering food sustainability within the context of dietary recommendations he said.
In its 2010 dietary guidelines USDA recommends that Americans eat more fruits vegetables whole grains fat-free and low-fat dairy products and seafood.
They should consume less salt saturated fat trans fat cholesterol added sugar and refined grains.
The guidelines don't explicitly state that Americans should eat less meat. However an appendix to the report lists the recommended average daily intake amounts of various foods including meat.
The recommended amount of meat is significantly less than current consumption levels which Heller and Keoleian estimated using the USDA's Loss Adjusted Food Availability dataset as a proxy for per capita food consumption in the United states
. While a drop in meat consumption would help cut diet-related greenhouse gas emissions increased use of dairy products
--and to a lesser extent seafood fruits and vegetables--would have the opposite effect increasing diet-related emissions according to the U-M researchers.
In the United states in 2010 food production was responsible for about 8 percent of the nation's greenhouse gas emissions.
In general animal-based foods are responsible for more greenhouse gas emissions per pound than plant-based foods.
The production of both beef cattle and dairy cows is tied to especially high levels of greenhouse gas emissions.
For starters cows don't efficiently convert plant-based feed into muscle or milk so they must eat lots of feed.
Growing that feed often involves the use of fertilizers and other substances manufactured through energy-intensive processes.
And then there's the fuel used by farm equipment. In addition cows burp lots of methane and their manure also releases this potent greenhouse gas.
Greenhouse gas emissions associated with producing the U s. diet are dominated by the meats category according to Heller and Keoleian.
While beef accounts for only 4 percent by weight of the food available it contributes 36 percent of the associated greenhouse gases they conclude.
The U-M researchers found that a switch to diets that don't contain animal products would lead to the biggest reductions in this country's diet-related greenhouse emissions.
But Heller said he's not arguing that all Americans should go vegan and he believes that animals need to be part of a sustainable agricultural system.
However reduced consumption would have both health and environmental benefits. In their Journal of Industrial Ecology paper Heller and Keoleian also looked at wasted food
and how it contributes to U s. greenhouse gas emissions. They concluded that annual emissions tied to uneaten food are equivalent to adding 33 million passenger vehicles to the nation's roads.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Michigan. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and food systems landscape and regional issues and institutional and policy matters if it is to meet the growing worldwide demand for food fiber
and fuel suggests an international team of researchers. In a paper appearing online in the journal Agriculture
and Food security the authors summarize the findings of the second international Climate Smart Agriculture conference held in March 2013 at UC Davis. Climate-smart agriculture has become a global policy initiative for economic
and food security says lead author Kerri Steenwerth a U s. Department of agriculture soil scientist and adjunct professor in the UC Davis Department of Viticulture and Enology.
and food businesses because it is focused on the long-term sustainability of supply chains and applies both to farmers'fields
#Potassium-rich foods cut stroke, death risks among older womenpostmenopausal women who eat foods higher in potassium are less likely to have strokes
and die than women who eat less potassium-rich foods according to new research in the American Heart Association's journal Stroke.
Results of this study are based on potassium from food not supplements. The researchers found: Researchers suggested that higher dietary potassium intake may be more beneficial before high blood pressure develops.
Our findings suggest that women need to eat more potassium-rich foods. You won't find high potassium in junk food.
Some foods high in potassium include white and sweet potatoes bananas and white beans. While increasing potassium intake is probably a good idea for most older women there are some people who have too much potassium in their blood
which can be dangerous to the heart. People should check with their doctor about how much potassium they should eat she said.
Jeffrey Brecht director of the UF Institute of food and agricultural sciences'Center for Food Distribution and Retailing studied strawberries beginning with their harvesting from fields in Florida and California to their delivery to stores in Illinois Washington Alabama
They specifically researched the theory of first in--first out known as FIFO in the food distribution industry.
and reduces food waste. If you improve the efficiency of postharvest handling you reduce waste and losses and that improves sustainability Brecht said.
Because of course if you ship something to market that's not going to end up being eaten by consumers every single bit of input in growing it harvesting packing cooling shipping--everything is wasted.
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