This will enable the launch of preventive measures at an earlier stage than before affecting the process of a cow contracting a disease and shortening the recovery time.
The milk extracted from the cow is also unsuitable for the food chain causing substantial loss due to treatment with antibiotics
#Goats better than chemicals for curbing invasive marsh grassherbivores not herbicides may be the most effective way to combat the spread of one of the most invasive plants now threatening East Coast salt marshes a new Duke university-led
Land managers traditionally have used chemical herbicides to slow phragmites'spread but with only limited and temporary success. Now field experiments by researchers at Duke
and they gain access to free pasture land. Managers win because control costs are reduced. Communities and property owners win
#Sugars in the cornfield: Plants use defenses against pests, but they dont always worksugars are usually known as energy storage units in plants
But sugars may also be part of a deadly game of tag between plant and insect according to scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology.
Grasses and crops such as maize attach sugars to chemical defenses called benzoxazinoids to protect themselves from being poisoned by their own protective agents.
Then when an insect starts feeding a plant enzyme removes the sugar to deploy the active toxin.
When the researchers examined the frass of these pests â pests that cause enormous crop damage â they found the toxin with sugar still attached.
After the plant removes the sugar the insect reattaches it but in the opposite stereochemical configuration.
Attaching the sugar in the opposite configuration turns out to be a very simple but effective detoxification strategy
or detoxification of toxic substances Not only have contributed such adaptations to the vast diversification of insects in the course of evolution they also support the success of agricultural pests specialized on certain crop plants that jeopardize crop yields every year.
which cleaves DIMBOA-glucoside to release the sugar. The free DIMBOA formed as a result causes many insects to die
Caterpillars of the fall armyworm and two other Spodoptera species deploy a gut enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of a sugar to the toxic free DIMBOA.
The sugar group is reattached in a mirror-image orientation (forming a (2s)- DIMBOA-glucoside) so that the plant enzyme cannot remove it a second time.
-and nutrient-holding abilities of those poor soils today. Studies over the past decade have found that biochar soil amendments can
The study was led by Associate professor Rosemary Sherriff of Humboldt State university and involved Research Scientist Tania Schoennagel of CU-Boulder's Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research CU-Boulder doctoral
and bee researcher Dr Katja Hogendoorn postdoctoral research associate with the University's School of Agriculture Food and Wine.
http://www. treesearch. fs. fed. us/pubs/46423story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by USDA Forest Service-Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Their study reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is the first to use biochemical approaches to confirm the hypothesis that microbes in the human gut can digest fiber breaking it down into simple sugars
in order to ferment them into nutrients that nourish human cells. These findings have significance for human health
but also for biofuels production since the same sugars can be fed to yeast to generate ethanol and other liquid fuels.
so that other enzymes can work on it to break it down into its unit sugars. Working with U. of I. biochemistry professor Satish Nair the researchers also noticed that the CBM put a kink in the fiber
so it can get to work breaking the bonds between the sugars. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis Cann said.
#Federal food program puts food on the table, but dietary quality could be improveda new American Cancer Society study suggests that participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program (SNAP) previously known as the food stamp program had lower dietary quality scores compared with income eligible nonparticipants.
The authors say the findings emphasize the need to bolster programs aimed at enhancing the dietary quality of SNAP participants.
and households with the resources to obtain a nutritionally adequate diet. In 2013 approximately 47.6 million individuals or about one in seven Americans participated in the program.
Although SNAP aims to help families put food on the table and prevent food insecurity some studies have found that SNAP participation is linked also to increased likelihood of weight gain and obesity.
The 2014 Farm bill included several provisions aimed at facilitating and encouraging SNAP participants to eat healthier including requiring SNAP retailers to carry foods from a range of food groups
and more fresh foods and creating a pilot program to provide for grants to test the use of incentives to encourage fruit and vegetable purchases by SNAP participants..
SNAP-Ed the nutrition education companion to the SNAP program has been revamped in recent years with the goal of promoting healthier food choices.
For their study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings researchers led by Binh T. Nguyen Phd of the American Cancer Society explored the diet quality of SNAP participants using data from a nationally representative sample of over 4000 adult
Americans from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2010 (NHANES. Their analyses revealed that compared with low-income nonparticipants SNAP participants had lower dietary quality scores overall and lower scores for fruits
and vegetables seafood and plant proteins and had higher intake of empty calories. The groups had comparable scores on intakes of whole grains refined grain total dairy total protein fatty acid and sodium.
The researchers found that the relationship between SNAP participation and lower dietary quality was observed primarily in women Hispanics young adults
and those who were food secure. The results suggest a need for interventions that encourage a healthier diet among SNAP participants in general
but also particularly in the subgroups we've identified as being particularly at risk said Dr. Nguyen.
but also that they're getting them from the right foods. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by American Cancer Society.
Alcohol intake and obesity were associated not with high mental wellbeing. Commenting on the findings Dr Saverio Stranges the research paper's lead author said:
Although breast milk is the best source of nutrition for preterm infants the authors note that new strategies to prevent breast milk transmission of CMV are needed
and pasteurization of breast milk until a corrected gestational age of 34 weeks (as recommended by the Austrian Society of Pediatrics.
and diet exercise not smoking and moderating alcohol intake could prevent four out of five coronary events in men according to a new study publishing today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
and followed them for 11 years Lifestyle choices were assessed through a questionnaire exploring diet alcohol consumption smoking status level of physical activity
or cycled for at least 40 minutes per day exercised at least one hour per week had a waist circumference below 95 centimeters consumed moderate amounts of alcohol
and followed a healthy diet with a regular consumption of fruits vegetables legumes nuts reduced-fat dairy products whole grains and fish.
For instance having a low-risk diet together with a moderate alcohol consumption led to an estimated 35 percent lower risk of heart attack compared to the high-risk group those who practice none of the low-risk factors.
Men who combined the low-risk diet and moderate alcohol consumption with not smoking being physically active
#Artificial liver tested as potential therapy for patients with alcohol-related organ failurecedars-Sinai physicians and scientists are testing a novel human cell based bioartificial liver support system
and lay eggs in the pest insectâ#said Dr. Michael Kolomiets Texas A&m Agrilife Research plant pathologist in College Station.
and lay eggs in the caterpillarâ##s body. â#oewe have proven that when you delete these volatiles parasitic wasps are attracted no longer to that planteven
volatiles in other grassy crops such as sorghum. â#oethis is just a tip of the iceberg.
Lateral buds of most of the woody species in warm and cold areas do not sprout in the same season that they are born.
These buds called proleptics remain latent and do not grow until the following spring. However some lateral buds sprout during the same season such as poplar trees other salicaceae species and many tropical species. This way a syleptic branching can increase de amount of branches leaf
area and the tree growth in general mainly during their first years of life. On that basis researchers at UPM have used a biotechnological procedure to modify the gene expression levels of RAV1 (Related to ABI3
The biotechnological procedure used by these researchers can guarantee the biomass sustainable production yields of woody species without affecting food demand.
Barton grew plots of soybeans in alfalfa fields protecting some with wind blocks and leaving others in the open.
and bend them--a stilled soybean plant represented a smorgasbord for the lady beetle. How do you do your duty as a predator if you're entire world is moving around?
If the plant is moving it takes four times as long for the predator to start eating
and beans peanuts clover and lupins--to see how it was represented in the seed bank.
which sections of the population are left most exposed to food shortages after extreme weather events.
Extreme weather events leave populations with not enough food both in the short-and the long-term.
'says that the Russian heatwave led to a hoarding of food supplies and price-fixing by speculators which compounded food shortages
and led to global wheat prices rising dramatically. It also suggests this could possibly be linked with the political upheaval in the middle East with Egypt's hungry protestors suffering the most.
Food prices reached record levels in several markets including wheat in Ethiopia maize in Kenya
and red sorghum grain in Somalia says the report. It notes that children under five accounted for over half of all deaths in Somalia.
'Weather has affected always food security particularly for many of the world's poorest people. Perhaps we think of farmers
The meat of affected animals is not suitable for consumption and must be disposed of. The disease usually manifests two to three years after the initial infection.
and peanuts have the ability to prosper in nitrogen-poor soil environments thanks to an ingenious adaptation:
and the fishing industry new research links short-term reductions in growth and reproduction of marine animals off the California coast to increasing variability in the strength of coastal upwelling currents--currents that supply nutrients
Along the west coast of North america winds lift deep nutrient-rich water into sunlit surface layers fueling vast phytoplankton blooms that ultimately support fish seabirds and marine mammals.
what's happening across the whole food web. Black said his team will next try to project how upwelling might change in the future.
Algal forests or seaweeds provide food and shelter to hundreds of species and fulfil a role similar to trees in terrestrial forests.
and other species. They found it was not necessarily a case of the tropical fish eating more algae than the native fish.
and drink less sugar according to a new study from the University of British columbia. But it's still not enough the study goes on to say as all kids are falling short
when it comes to eating healthier at schoolthe research suggests a parent's educational attainment an indicator of socioeconomic status may inform a child's diet.
or university were 67 per cent less likely to consume sugary drinks like soda pop. We can only speculate on the reasons for the disparities says co-author Jennifer Black a food nutrition and health professor in the Faculty of Land and Food Systems.
Higher priced products like vegetables may not be the food that gets packed first for vulnerable families that need to make tough choices about school lunches.
The study revealed however that the majority of children regardless of socioeconomic status do not consume enough low-fat milk
instead for packaged snack foods like potato chips or fast-food style items like French fries high in sodium and saturated fat.
While there are still barriers that exist for low-income children families from across the socioeconomic spectrum are struggling to get their kids to eat healthy food at school says Black.
Our findings challenge this common notion that only low-income families feed their kids junk food
Backgroundthe study surveyed nearly 1000 students in Grades 5 to 8 asking them to report their daily food consumption at school
Seventeen per cent reported eating fast food 20 per cent reported eating packaged snack foods and 31 per cent reported drinking sugary drinks daily.
or not eating in Vancouver public schools says co-author Naseam Ahmadi A m. Sc. graduate in human nutrition.
In a new study researchers focused on the probable impact of climate change on the supply of land suitable for the cultivation of the 16 major food
They simulated the impact of climate change on agricultural production over the course of the 21st century
In the context of current projections which predict that the demand for food will double by the year 2050 as the result of population increase our results are quite alarming.
and animal feed owing to rising demand for meat and the expansion of land use for the production of bioenergy says Zabel Story Source:
#Reduced energy density in foods can create healthier food environment, may help to reduce obesityon the heels of new research showing that 16 major food
and beverage companies have collectively cut 6. 4 trillion calories from U s. food products The Obesity Society (TOS) issues an official position statement pointing to the pervasive availability of foods high in calories per unit
of weight or energy density as a contributing factor for weight gain and obesity. The Society goes further to urge food companies to test
and market foods that will help individuals reduce the energy density in their diets and better manage body weight.
With more than one-third of American children affected by obesity or overweight it's no secret that our food environment is a contributing factor to obesity especially among children said Barbara Rolls Phd FTOS TOS past-president and professor of nutrition at Pennsylvania State university.
This obesogenic environment is characterized by large portions of tasty inexpensive energy-dense foods that are easily accessible in convenience stores vending machines
and restaurants--all areas where food and beverage companies have an overwhelming impact on the nutritional
and energy content of foods. Examples of foods high in energy density that can lead to consumption of excess calories include those high in sugar like ice cream
and those high in fat including deep-fried foods such as French fries and cheese. Foods low in energy density
and recommended for a healthy diet are those that have a high amount of nutrients per serving including fruits and vegetables nonfat milk whole grains and fish and other lean proteins.
As detailed in the position statement a diet reduced in energy density can accommodate a wide range of eating patterns
and can support a lifestyle that includes a healthy well-balanced diet for weight management. A key component to reduced energy density is the amount of water in our food
which contributes to the weight and volume without adding energy or calories and can make us feel more satiated.
A growing body of evidence indicates that increasing the water content in foods can reduce energy intake
and improve diet quality continued Dr. Rolls. For example I will feel more full after eating 100 calories of strawberries
which are high in water content than after eating 100 calories of pretzels. This is because the fruit provides about 13 times more food by weight than the pretzels.
A successful effort to improve the food environment by food and beverage companies is detailed in the research conducted by TOS members Shu Wen Ng Phd
and Barry Popkin Phd published today in the American Journal of Preventive medicine. The study unveils a new unprecedented system for tracking trends in consumer-packaged goods
which allowed researchers to evaluate consumer trends more closely than ever before. Results show that the 6. 4 trillion caloric reduction by the Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation (HWCF) member companies translates to a 78-calorie per person per day decline with largest calorie
cuts to foods coming from products high in energy density including: sweets and snack foods; fats oils and dressings and;
carbonated soft drinks. In a second study published in the same issue researchers tie the effort back to a decline in the calorie content of purchases by American families
and call for more research to continue to track its success. We applaud the efforts of the member companies for their work to cut calories from foods high in energy density
and we encourage others in the industry to sign onto this important initiative said TOS President Steven Smith MD.
Food and beverage companies can take these efforts a step further with a closer look at the energy density of their products.
There is a growing consumer demand for healthier food offerings; responding to this demand is a win-win for both corporations and public health.
In January 2014 Dr. Smith commended the industry for following through on its pledge following its initial announcement.
Efforts to reduce obesity cannot succeed without the engagement of the many industries that have the power to positively impact the health of billions of people he said.
http://www. obesity. org/publications/energy-density-of-foods-influences-satiety-a-total-caloric-intake. htmstory Source:
and South america and the slug has made also itself at home on several islands such as the Azores Madeira
and the hot dry climate in central Spain and parts of Australia Africa and Asia hamper the spread of the slugs.
which corn plants took up key nutrients at specific ratios--nitrogen and phosphorus at a ratio of 5-to-1 and nitrogen and potassium at a ratio of 1-to-1. These nutrient uptake ratios were associated with high yields regardless of the region where the corn was grown.
and achieve food security without providing adequate and balanced nutrients. While corn producers in the U s. have relied long on nitrogen fertilizers to improve yields they should not overlook other nutrients such as potassium
and phosphorus Vyn said. Growers need to be concerned as about the amount of potassium available to their plants as they are about nitrogen he said.
and climate--around the world are the inaccessibility and cost of fertilizers and the inherent nutrient deficiencies of soils in many regions in
The more fertilizer applied the more difficult it becomes to extract the same percentage of the nutrients in the corn.
On a per-plant basis corn plants are not taking up more nutrients than they were said in the past Ciampitti.
Still growers need to keep an eye on the amount of nutrients removed at harvest to ensure soil nutrient levels don't drop to the point where future yields could suffer Vyn said.
#A heartfelt need for dairy food: Small serving beneficial, large not necessarya daily small serve of dairy food may reduce the risk of heart disease or stroke even in communities where such foods have not traditionally formed part of the diet.
A study of nearly 4000 Taiwanese led by Emeritus Professor Mark Wahlqvist from Monash University's Department of Epidemiology
and Preventive medicine and the Monash Asia Institute considered the role increased consumption of dairy foods had played in the country's gains in health and longevity.
In a dominantly Chinese food culture unaccustomed to dairy foods consuming them up to seven times  a week does not increase mortality
When Professor Wahlqvist's study began in 1993 there was little apparent concern about dairy foods in contrast to a current belief that they may be harmful to health
Milk and other dairy foods are recognised as providing a broad spectrum of nutrients essential for human health.
But Taiwanese who included dairy food in their diet only three to seven times a week were more likely to survive than those who ate none.
For optimal results the key is daily consumption of dairy foods--but at the rate of about five servings over a week.
a cup of milk or 45 grams of cheese. Such quantities rarely cause trouble even for people considered to be lactose intolerant Professor Wahlqvist said.
The study which was published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition also involved researchers from the National Health Research Institutes and National Defence Medical Centre in Taiwan.
#More cheese, please! News study shows dairy is good for your metabolic healthdairy is considered part of a healthy diet
and dietary guidelines recommend the daily consumption of 2-4 portions of milk-based products such as milk yogurt cheese cream and butter.
It's well known that dairy products contain calcium and minerals good for bones but new research has shown that dairy consumption may also have beneficial effects on metabolic health
They published their findings today in the journal Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine associations between dairy intake
However nearly 45%of the population in this study did not meet Canada's Food Guide recommendations of at least 2 portions of dairy products a day.
Trans-palmitoleic acid is naturally present in milk cheese yogurt butter and meat fat but cannot be synthetized by the body.
This fatty acid has been shown recently to have health-promoting effects. In this study that trans-palmitoleic acid level was related to lower blood pressure in men and women and to lower body weight in men.
#Whats for dinner? Rapidly identifying undescribed species in a commercial fungi packetfor lovers of wild foods autumn harks a season of bounty.
Fungi of dizzying variety erupt from wood and soil luring intrepid collectors to woodlands in search of elusive but delectable wild mushrooms.
and their mysterious not quite-meat not quite-vegetable qualities that belie an almost otherworldly existence. But are the mushrooms
whose intended destiny was more likely a rich risotto than a DNA sequencer. Some of the most sought-after of wild mushrooms are the sweet and nutty Boletus edulis
Indeed high intakes of red meat and meat products have been shown to increase the risk of T2d.
Subsequently the importance of dietary fat content and food sources of fat remains to be clarified.
In this new study the authors aimed to examine intakes of main dietary fat sources classified according to fat content and their association with risk of developing T2d.
The study included 26 930 individuals (60%women) aged 45-74 years from the population-based Malmã Diet and Cancer cohort.
Dietary data was collected with a modified diet history method. During 14 years of follow up 2860 incident T2d cases were identified.
The model included adjustments for age sex season diet assessment method version total energy intake BMI leisure time physical activity smoking alcohol consumption
Concerning intakes of specific high-fat dairy foods increasing intake of cream (30ml or more a day in the highest consuming 20%versus 0. 3ml a day or less in the lowest consuming 20
High intakes of meat and meat products were regardless of fat content associated with increased risk
but the increased risk was higher for lower fat meats (increased risk of type 2 diabetes for high fat meats 9%for low fat 24%)both referring to the risk
%The highest consuming group for the high-fat meat had 90g or more per day and for the low-fat meat 80g per day.
Our observations may contribute to clarifying previous findings regarding dietary fats and their food sources in relation to T2d.
Meat intake was associated with increased risk of developing diabetes regardless of fat content. She adds:
Early detection of the pest in traps such as ours can help in coordinating management strategies to slow its spread
of which are aggressive feeders on oak trees in Central europe and might threaten North american oaks in urban
and most other living things it became polyploid with in the case of bread wheat seven sets of six related chromosomes.
Without this gene it would be more like sugar cane where it is a mess in the nucleus
which the creation of the Vuoksi River played in the simultaneous spread of the most significant culture in our prehistory.
Another factor in the changes may have been the near-simultaneous spread of eastern spruce trees which continue to be the dominant tree in the area.
The spread of typical Pit-Comb Ware culture to the Saimaa region is related to the wider phenomenon of the Stone age population maximum
--and eat more of those foods when given the opportunity according to the study by researchers at University of Waterloo Ont.
These findings shed a light on the role of the DLPFC in food cravings (specifically reward anticipation) the consumption of appealing high caloric foods
and the relation between self-control and food consumption the researchers write. The senior author was Peter Hall Phd.
because they reported strong and frequent cravings for chocolate and potato chips. Such appetitive calorie-dense snack foods are implicated often in the development of obesity.
The women were shown pictures of these foods to stimulate cravings. The researchers then applied a type of magnetic stimulation called continuous theta-burst stimulation to decrease activity in the DLPFC.
Previous studies have suggested that DLPFC activity plays a role in regulating food cravings. After theta-burst stimulation the women reported stronger food cravings--specifically for appetitive milk chocolate and potato chips.
During a subsequent taste test they consumed more of these foods rather than alternative less-appetitive foods (dark chocolate and soda crackers.
Stimulation to weaken DLPFC activity was associated also with lower performance on a test of inhibitory control strength (the Stroop test.
Decreased DLPFC activity appeared to be associated with increased reward sensitivity--it made the participants more sensitive to the rewarding properties of palatable high caloric foods the researchers write.
At the basic neurobiological level the study provides direct evidence that the DLPFC is involved in one specific aspect of food cravings:
and opportunities to consume energy-dense foods such individuals may be more likely to become overweight or obese.
In conditions such as type 2 diabetes where healthy dietary habits are essential for effective disease control Interventions focused on enhancing DLPFC activity through aerobic exercise
or other means may result in increased dietary self-control and subsequently improve disease management Dr Hall
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