and eliminate duck habitat. Willow thickets also use tremendous amounts of water leaving less available for wildlife and people.
Graphene oxide burns very rapidly and leaves a cake of radioactive material you can then reuse.
Course leader Dr Mervyn Roy a lecturer at the University's Department of physics and Astronomy said:
Now University of Manchester scientists have come up with a unique deterrent--a talking tweeting chicken guarding your cupboards to shame hungry dieters into abstaining.
The chicken which not only barks out orders to sneaky snackers but even tweets that person's Twitter account to publicly shame them if they stray uses a Raspberry Pi--a tiny single-board computer.
and Piface could do had we suggestions including an automated insulin monitor that can dial 999 and another that automatically reorders food
which accelerate plant biomass conversion into sugars and further into products such as bioethanol. The project's results include lignin-tolerant enzymes and enzyme cocktails for processing spruce straw corn cob and wheat bran.
The commercialisation of these enzymes has begun now in The netherlands. The EU's DISCO project developed powerful enzymes and enzyme cocktails suitable for various raw materials with the purpose of converting agricultural side streams into fermentable sugars and further into products such as bioethanol.
Plant biomass was chosen as the raw material for the project since it contains lignocellulosic biomass which is an abundant raw material.
and wheat bran used as animal Feed in Finland the proportion of forest biomass and conifer biomass in particular is significant.
which can be converted industrially into fermentable sugars with the help of enzymes. Microbes can then be used to produce various chemicals such as bioethanol from the sugars.
Lignocellulosic biomass contains substantial amounts of lignin which interferes with enzyme activity. The DISCO project produced new knowledge on the inactivating property of lignin
This information can be used to select appropriate enzyme cocktails for raw materials when upgrading plant biomass.
which includes conducting the additional studies needed to apply to the U s. Food and Drug Administration to begin studies in human patients.
'Detecting comets may sound difficult--after all the snowballs are typically only 5-20 kilometers (3-13 miles) in diameter.
and has feathers then it's probably a duck he said. The work was supported by the National aeronautics and space administration.
In a sense natural gas would become a larger slice of the energy pie. â#¢Abundant less expensive natural gas would lower energy prices across the board leading people to use more energy overall.
Consequently the entire energy pie gets bigger. â#¢The main component of natural gas methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
#Food labels can reduce livestock environmental impacts, study showswith global food demand expected to outpace the availability of water by the year 2050 consumers can make a big difference in reducing the water used in livestock production.
It's important to know that small changes on the consumer side can help and in fact may be necessary to achieve big results in a production system said Robin White lead researcher of a Washington state University study appearing in the journal Food Policy.
White and WSU economist Mike Brady demonstrated that the willingness of consumers to pay a little more for meat products labeled to reflect a single environmentally friendly production practice such as water conservation can add up to real change.
But such single-focus labels don't yet exist and labels that are available can be confusing and misleading.
White and Brady found that by paying 10 percent more for environmentally labeled meat products consumers could bring about huge water savings in livestock production.
In 2013 the U s. produced 26 billion pounds of beef. Based on this number White estimated that 76 to 129 billion gallons of water could be saved annually.
and compare consumers'willingness to pay for meat products with labels that reflect a single attribute of reducing environmental impact
The study also demonstrated that moderate price premiums for all cuts of meat that are acceptable to the average consumer will have a greater impact on water conservation than high premiums for a few niche products.
Growing greener grasswhite explained that cow/calf operations represent an opportunity to significantly reduce water use in beef production.
Feeding pregnant cows and suckling calves typically requires pasture or rangeland and represents a substantial maintenance cost.
Yet in the U s. intensive more efficient pasture management is not what it could be said White.
#Buy local firewood to prevent spread of invasive beetle, forest service saysenjoying the cooler temperatures with a warm toasty fire?
The Kansas Forest Service is asking residents to help save trees by buying their firewood locally all to prevent the further spread of an invasive beetle killing millions of ash trees.
The beetle invades a tree by landing on the bark and laying an egg. That larva will hatch
because the beetle larva is a food source for the woodpecker. Unfortunately once these symptoms appear the beetle has already been in the tree for a few years
and has most likely spread to other trees. Armbrust says they believe the beetle first arrived in the United states through packing material.
One of them is the light-footed clapper rail a cinnamon-and-gray long-legged wading bird that lives only in Southern California and the northern Baja Peninsula.
This makes sense Long said as scale insects sap the cordgrass of sugars and nutrients. But he was curious
and excreting the salt. So he performed a second experiment in the lab growing the cordgrass with and without scale insects in either fresh water or seawater.
But when the plant gets too stressed by the salt it doesn't care about the insects anymore.
C4 crops including maize sorghum switchgrass and sugarcane are able to withstand drought heat nitrogen
the sugars that are important to producing next-generation biofuels. Our research focuses on understanding complex network interactions in grasses with a goal of engineering C4 traits into C3 grasses
which can be translated into crops that impact the supply of food and fuel said Brutnell.
The technologies that our team developed to identify regulatory genes that enhance photosynthesis in C4 crops can be extended to identify control points for other processes including nitrogen and phosphate efficiency as well as a plant's response to environmental stresses like heat
and biomass of emerging bioenergy feedstocks such as miscanthus and switchgrass and that can be applied to improve food security and major cereal crops.
and yield and improving carbon capture in both food and bioenergy crops said Mockler. Story Source:
Which type of bacteria causes severe lung disease in European brown hare? Molecular biological analyses of tissue samples always confront scientists with the same problem:
and precisely control the nutrition of plants. This technique has not been tested in the forestry area
of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS) Tsukuba Japan.
It might be a situation where that extra cleavage site is allowing more spread in the animal
#Worlds smallest liver-kidney transplant performed to save toddlers lifeaspen Erickson was running out of time.
she would need a combined liver-kidney transplant for a chance at a normal life.
Earlier this year she received the lifesaving procedure at University of Utah Health care--a gift that not only gave her a new beginning but also marked her as the recipient of the world's smallest liver-kidney transplant.
and 20 minute surgery on June 29 would make history as the smallest liver-kidney transplant on record.
and they spend most of their lives sick said Robin Kim M d Surgical Director of Liver Transplantation at University of Utah Health care.
and her family--are turning to the University of Utah for liver transplant services. While the U s liver transplant program is one of the youngest in the region it has established itself as among the most successful.
In 2013 the University of Utah performed the most liver transplants in the state with 35 patients undergoing lifesaving procedures at the U. The U s liver transplant program's success isn't solely based on numbers however.
After Kim took the helm of the liver transplant program three years ago the program has reached new heights under his leadership.
One example of the program's positive strides is a prestigious designation from the University Healthsystem Consortium for the outcomes of patients who've received a liver transplant at the U. The consortium an alliance of more than 100 academic medical centers and nearly 250
of their affiliate hospitals (which represent more than 90 percent of the nation's nonprofit academic medical centers) determined that in the past three years the University of Utah's operative death rate for its liver transplant program is zero.
The designation means that not only are more patients choosing to undergo liver transplants at University Hospital
but those who are undergoing transplants are surviving at a high rate and going on to live healthy lives after their procedures.
Of the 68 liver transplant programs in the U s. eligible for a critique by the UHC only four including the University of Utah have met the criteria for an operative death rate of zero said Kim.
The approach of team care only available at an academic medical center sets the U. apart from other liver transplant programs in the region.
It would be very difficult to achieve the levels of sulforaphane used in this study by eating large amounts of broccoli or other cruciferous vegetables.
The nonsynthetic bed bug pesticides--which contain ingredients such as geraniol rosemary oil mint oil cinnamon oil peppermint oil eugenol clove oil lemongrass oil sodium lauryl sulfate
and 2%sodium lauryl sulfate) and Bed bug Patrol (0. 003%clove oil 1%peppermint oil and 1. 3%sodium lauryl sulfate)--killed more than 90 percent of them.
None of the nonsynthetic insecticides had any noticeable effect against bed bug eggs except for Ecoraider which killed 87 percent of them.
Adjuvants such as wetting agents spreaders stabilizers defoamers stickers and solvents may produce synergistic effects to essential oils by improving penetration through insect cuticle and translocation of the active ingredients within insect body.
as a result of the stimulating effect they have on the take-up of nutrients by plants phytohormone production and phytopathogen control.
These bacteria have the capacity to increase the bioavailability of nutrients present in the soil
In this respect the bacteria used in biofertilizer formulations encourage plants to absorb on their own a greater quantity of nutrients
In addition to duck and amphibians moose and upland mammals use this habitat extensively. Having beaver on the landscape creates a lot of biodiversity.
Both predation and depleted food supply may account for the beavers'decline. Aspen is preferred the food she said noting beavers don't hibernate
and must rely on having a large supply of edible food in their underwater cache to survive the winter.
Beavers forage up to 110 yards from the pond edge creating what Johnston calls a bathtub ring of conifers
The other treatment factor in the trials was used adjuvants with clove oil. An OMRI-listed clove oil herbicide was evaluated
The adjuvants for clove oil evaluated were a petroleum oil adjuvant at 1. 25%by volume a commercial product containing 20%citric acid at a rate of 0. 375%by volume a commercial adjuvant containing 20%saponins
extracted from Yucca schidigera at 0. 03%by volume an emulsified petroleum insecticide at a rate of 1%by volume clove oil alone (no adjuvant) and a nontreated control.
and that adjuvants provided minimal improvement in weed control from clove oil and did not consistently improve onion yield.
All clove oil herbicide treatments regardless of adjuvant had difficulty in maintaining an emulsion in the spray tank
These findings appear in the annual DANMAP report from Statens Serum Institut and the National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark.
which accounts for about 84%of meat production in Denmark. But the consumption in poultry and pets has increased also.
if we are to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistant bacteria senior researcher Yvonne Agersã¸from the National Food Institute says.
An increased occurrence of diarrhea in broilers in 2013 can partly explain the increased consumption of penicillins which are an effective treatment against diarrhea.
In 2010 Danish pork producers introduced a voluntary ban on the use of cephalosporins where other effective treatment options are available.
In August 2014 the Danish Agriculture & Food Council encouraged cattle farmers to only use cephalosporins where this is the only effective treatment option.
Therefore the viruses have not spread between zoos and the sources of the viruses were most likely wild-born elephant herdmates.
Now ecologists wait to see how the short drink of water will affect the parched landscape.
#Automated imaging system looks underground to help improve cropsplant scientists are working to improve important food crops such as rice maize
and beans to meet the food needs of a growing world population. However boosting crop output will require improving more than
Root systems are essential to gathering water and nutrients but understanding what's happening in these unseen parts of the plants has depended until now mostly on lab studies and subjective field measurements.
Beyond improving food crops the technique could also help improve plants grown for energy production materials and other purposes.
The overall goal is to develop improved plants that can feed increasing numbers of people
and how they provide us with food and alternative materials. This imaging technique provides data needed to accomplish this.
Steve jobs swore by a fruit diet as he believed it improved his ideas. And he wasn't wrong:
food with high levels of tyrosine like bananas peaches and almonds allow us to think harder and more creatively.
Become better at solving puzzlesthe researchers found that the test subjects who drank orange juice with added tyrosine were better at solving puzzles than those who were administered a placebo.
'Food rich in Tyrosine and food supplements that include tyrosine are a healthy and cheap way to increase our ability to think deeply.
'Suspicions confirmedthe results of the research support claims made by creative people who argue that specific foods help them to overcome mental obstacles.
They were given orange juice to drink on both occasions: the first time it included added tyrosine while a placebo was added during the second visit.
It can be found in various kinds of fruit but also in soybeans spinach eggs and cottage cheese.
#Food, fuel and more will be produced in sea farms of futuremeet the farm of the future where common seaweed is being upgraded from an environmental problem to a valuable natural resource and raw material.
and head of the Seafarm project which converts algae into eco-friendly food medicine plastic and energy.
and foodstuffs Grã ndahl says. Grã ndahl points out that algae contain vitamins amino acids and minerals indeed the entire list of the periodic elements including iron.
and in recent years an interest in algae products in foodstuffs has increased in Sweden thanks in part to the popularity of Asian food culture.
Even spices and cooking oil can be produced by algae. The brown algae known as sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) for example contain up to three times as much sugar as sugar beet.
Of course it's unwise to burden the earth with oil palm and sugar beet cultivation when corresponding products can be produced in an ecologically sustainable way from algae explains Grã ndahl.
Algae may in the future be an ingredient of animal feed to replace the environmentally damaging fish meal
which is common in pig and poultry diets. Furthermore salmon today is fed with fishmeal from wild caught fish
The researchers used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) a probability sample of the U s. population.
Their lab research indicated that L. rhamnosus had a great affinity for binding toxic heavy metals Working with this knowledge the team hypothesized that regularly consuming this probiotic strain could prevent metals from being absorbed from the diet.
The researchers were excited by the potential of basic foodstuffs to provide preventative protection for pregnant women worldwide.
Rice is a staple food across Asia with both people and economies reliant on its successful harvest.
One paper finds that low water input does not affect rice growth as much as the levels of nutrients in soil can
But further efforts to produce even higher levels will be necessary to offset degradation of nutrients after harvest
Manufacturing--including food processing paper production and textiles--was the largest contributor to the water pollution
Pathogenic fungi are a major threat to our food security--they can devastate crops and cost billions of pounds worth of damage.
which threaten our food supply. We have built a very strong team of researchers studying fungal biology and plant pathology.
which cause nutrients and carbon to cycle in ecosystems but there was little evidence that human-induced loss of these animals has effects at the level of the whole ecosystem on services such as agricultural yield said Mark Bradford an Associate professor at the Yale
beernovel forms of phenolic compounds have been discovered from barley and beer. The results will open new interesting possibilities for evaluation of possible health benefits of barley and beer.
The study published in Journal of Cereal Science by MTTÂ's senior research scientist Juha-Matti Pihlava shows that the diversity of chemical defense compounds typical to barley namely hordatines
but also in beers brewed from barley malts. Japanese research teams have linked previously beer hordatines to some physiological effects.
Hordatines in beer may stimulate gastrointestinal motility by binding to certain reseptors in smooth involuntary muscles.
Japanese scientists have identified also hordatines as anstringent compounds responsible for at least partly beer aftertaste. More information is needed of the possible health effects of hordatines their precursor and other phenolamides.
However even at this point these findings could be utilized in development of new barley based functional products says Pihlava.
--Our next step will be in reporting the results of hordatine contents in almost 200 beers covering the most important beer styles from many countries.
Not all brands follow meat regulationsresearchers in Chapman University's Food Science Program have published just a study on pet food mislabeling.
and cats to identify meat species present as well as any instances of mislabeling. Of the 52 products tested 31 were labeled correctly 20 were mislabeled potentially
and one contained a nonspecific meat ingredient that could not be verified. Although regulations exist for pet foods increases in international trade
and globalization of the food supply have amplified the potential for food fraud to occur said Rosalee Hellberg Ph d
With the recent discovery of horsemeat in ground meat products sold for human consumption in several European countries finding horsemeat in U s. consumer food
Chicken was the most common meat species found in the pet food products. Pork was the second most common meat species detected
and beef turkey and lamb followed respectively. Goose was the least common meat species detected.
None of the products tested positive for horsemeat. Of the 20 potentially mislabeled products 13 were dog food
and 7 were cat food. Of these 20 16 contained meat species that were included not on the product label with pork being the most common undeclared meat species. In three of the cases of potential mislabeling one
or two meat species were substituted for other meat species. In the study DNA was extracted from each product and tested for the presence of eight meat species:
beef goat lamb chicken goose turkey pork and horse. Pet food safety was another area of concern particularly with pet foods that are formulated specifically to address food allergies in both cats and dogs continued Dr. Hellberg.
The pet food industry is a substantial market in the United states. Nearly 75 percent of U s. households own pets totaling about 218 million pets (not including fish.
On average each household spends $500 annually on their pets equating to about 1 percent of household expenditures.
In the past five years pet industry expenditures have increased by $10 billion with $21 billion spent on pet food alone in 2012.
The foods developed for pets are regulated by both federal and state entities. The U s. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary medicine regulates animal feed and pet foods.
While the U s. Department of agriculture regulates the interstate transportation and processing of animal products as well as the inspection of animal product imports and exports.
While a seemingly high percentage of pet foods were found to be mislabeled potentially in this study the manner in
The study was published in the journal Food Control and was completed with Chapman undergrad student Tara Okuma.
The nation's food cities clean air and water and economy are all dependent on healthy fertile soils
The study thought to be the first to assess these compounds in apple cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest appears in October's print edition of the journal Food Chemistry.
but there are differences in varieties said food scientist Giuliana Noratto the study's lead researcher.
What determines the balance of bacteria in our colon is the food we consume she said.
#Chefs at schools can increase school meal participation, vegetable intake among studentsgourmet pizza in school?
According to a new Food and Brand Lab pilot study published in Appetite chef-made meals can increase participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) by 9%and overall selection and consumption of vegetables by 16%!
in order to provide nutrition instruction to students and culinary advice to interested school food service workers.
Brian Wansink Phd (director of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab and author of Slim By design Mindless Eating Solutions for Everyday Life;
and Andrew Hanks Phd collected and analyzed school lunch sales and tray waste data before and after the event to determine its impact on student's food selection and consumption.
The professional chef arrived three days ahead of the date of the event to meet the lunchroom staff
and taste the foods she was going to prepare for lunch the following day. To comply with the NSLP requirements for a reimbursable meal each student must select one entrã e one milk and three sides.
The chef created five new NSLP compliant entree recipes: meat taco pizza bean taco pizza garlic spinach pizza meat lover's pizza and a mozzarella burger.
She also prepared a new prepackaged side salad. Each of these new items was offered as an optional alternative to the regular school lunch choices:
pizza or burger canned fruit and green beans broccoli and milk. Sales data indicated that after the introduction of the new chef-made items 9%more students bought NSLP compliant meals.
Tray waste data showed that the high school students ate about the same amount of their entrã e as they did before the new offerings were added;
however they actually ate 16%more of the selected vegetable sides-specifically the new salad.
The researchers speculate that this increase was due to the appealing pairing of pizza and salad.
Co-author Dr. Hanks notes that These findings suggest that Chefs Move to Schools has potential to offer a win-win opportunity for school lunch programs and for students.
CMTS can increase NSLP meal compliance and also potentially improve students'nutrition by increasing consumption of vegetables or other healthy sides that complement the main dish.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cornell Food & Brand Lab. The original article was written by Katherine Baildon.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference r
#Plants prepackage beneficial microbes in their seedsplants have a symbiotic relationship with certain bacteria. These'commensal'bacteria help the pants extract nutrients
and defend against invaders--an important step in preventing pathogens from contaminating fruits and vegetables. Now scientists have discovered that plants may package their commensal bacteria inside of seeds;
thus ensuring that sprouting plants are colonized from the beginning. The researchers from the University of Notre dame presented their findings at the 5th ASM Conference on Beneficial Microbes.
Plants play host to a wide variety of bacteria; the plant microbiome. Just as in humans the plant microbiome is shaped by the types of bacteria that successfully colonize the plant's ecosystem.
and in creating food-safe antimicrobials. The finding that plant seeds can be colonized pre may be an important mechanism by which a beneficial plant microbiome is established and sustained.
#On the trail of the truffle flavortruffles along with caviar are among the most expensive foods in the world.
Connoisseurs search for the precious delicacies near hazelnut trees oaks and some species of pine. This is because truffles grow in a symbiotic relationship with the trees.
Understanding how flavours are created is indeed very important to the food industry. Yeasts and bacteria which make cheese
and wine have been researched in depth but little is known about how the flavour of other organisms including truffles is created.
#Preference for built-up habitats could explain rapid spread of tree bumblebee in UKTHE strikingly rapid spread of the Tree Bumblebee in Britain could be occurring
#No sign of health or nutrition problems from GMO livestock feed, study findsa new scientific review from the University of California Davis reports that the performance
and health of food-producing animals consuming genetically engineered feed first introduced 18 years ago has been comparable to that of animals consuming non-GE feed.
The review study also found that scientific studies have detected no differences in the nutritional makeup of the meat milk
or other food products derived from animals that ate genetically engineered feed. The review led by UC Davis animal scientist Alison Van Eenennaam examined nearly 30 years of livestock-feeding studies that represent more than 100 billion animals.
Today 19 genetically engineered plant species are approved for use in the United states including the major crops used extensively in animal feed:
alfalfa canola corn cotton soybean and sugar beet. Food-producing animals such as cows pigs goats chickens
and other poultry species now consume 70 to 90 percent of all genetically engineered crops according to the new UC Davis review.
In the United states alone 9 billion food-producing animals are produced annually with 95 percent of them consuming feed that contains genetically engineered ingredients.
Studies have shown continually that the milk meat and eggs derived from animals that have consumed GE feed are indistinguishable from the products derived from animals fed a non-GE diet Van Eenennaam said.
Therefore proposed labeling of animal products from livestock and poultry that have eaten GE feed would require supply-chain segregation
and traceability as the products themselves would not differ in any way that could be detected.
Now that a second generation of genetically engineered crops that have been optimized for livestock feed is on the horizon there is a pressing need to internationally harmonize the regulatory framework for these products she said.
To avoid international trade disruptions it is critical that the regulatory approval process for genetically engineered products be established in countries importing these feeds at the same time that regulatory approvals are passed in the countries that are major exporters of animal feed Van Eenennaam said.
The review study was supported by funds from the W. K. Kellogg endowment and the California Agricultural Experiment Station of UC Davis. Story Source:
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