or a resentful comment as bitter we most likely don't even think of those words as metaphors.
Dispersal is dependent on a variety of factors such as climate food and predators and is biased often.
and cattle and is spread by biting midges. In sheep the bluetongue virus can cause abortion congenital abnormalities
http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu/publications/pub. cfm? id=7181story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by European commission Joint Research Centre.
#Reorganization of crop production, trade could save Chinas water supplychina's rapid socioeconomic growth continues to tax national water resources--especially in the agricultural sector--due to increasing demands for food.
and importing food commodities from other provinces or nations instead could help China conserve more water.
Through food trade these water resources are transferred across borders in what's called a virtual water trade.
and consumption of water-intensive food continues to boom. While growing crops in the wetter regions would be more water efficient land in those places is either urban or industrial or difficult geographically (mountainous terrain etc.
and Japan--combined a hydrological model with domestic and international trade simulations to determine the efficiency of China's food trade in terms of water use as well as the role of foreign trade in this virtual water-trade system.
Is there a way to reduce China's water use without decreasing national food security? The researchers looked at domestic and international trade of corn rice soy
and wheat along with such livestock products as ruminant (animals like cattle goats and sheep that subsist on plant matter) pork and poultry.
These products accounted for 93 percent of China's domestic food supply in 2005 the last year with available data.
The researchers combined this information with water use across provinces--from both rainfall and irrigation sources--and determined how much water was transferred between provinces through food trade.
To obtain estimates of these water transfers the researchers analyzed how much food was traded between provinces
and the water amount needed to produce each type of food. They determined the amount of water transferred in kilograms by multiplying the traded volume of a specific food item by the water used to produce a unit of this item (the item's virtual water content) in the exporting province.
The researchers found that irrigation accounts for about 25 percent of water used to produce crops
and for 16 percent of water used in meat production in China. However those numbers skyrocket in Xinjiang Ningxia and Inner Mongolia where irrigation water is used predominantly for crop production (85 percent 69 percent and 49 percent respectively.
These numbers indicate that such provinces see little rainfall during the growing season and rely heavily on sometimes nonrenewable water resources such as groundwater.
Finally the researchers investigated whether Chinese food trade leads to global water savings. They found that domestic corn trade leads to significant losses of irrigation water resources (such as rivers reservoirs and groundwater.
Policies which encourage such adjustments can help conserve water while maintaining China's food security. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by Princeton university Woodrow wilson School of Public and International affairs. Note:
and vegetables but that may be another diet recommendation deadend according to a new study from the University of Alabama at Birmingham published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
So I don't think eating more alone is necessarily an effective approach for weight loss
because just adding them on top of whatever foods a person may be eating is not likely to cause weight change.
and fiber in one's diet Kaiser said. While Kaiser recognizes the importance of eating fruits
and vegetables for their many other health benefits expectations for weight loss should be kept in check.
In the overall context of a healthy diet energy reduction is the way to help lose weight so to reduce weight you have to reduce caloric intake Kaiser said.
People make the assumption that higher-fiber foods like fruits and vegetables will displace the less healthy foods
and that's a mechanism to lose weight; but our findings from the best available evidence show that effect doesn't seem to be present among people simply instructed to increase fruit and vegetable intake.
and vegetables without also taking explicit steps to reduce total food intake lower weights are achieved not said senior author David B. Allison Ph d. associate dean for science in the UAB School
Kaiser says it is important that more quality research be performed to investigate how multiple foods may interact to create healthy weight loss that can be maintained.
affordable strategies to meet new postharvest sanitation standardsmany small and medium produce growers in the United states neither have the funding nor the expertise to optimally sanitize postharvest operations to prevent the spread of potentially dangerous pathogens according to a panel discussion
at the 2014 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting & Food Expoâ in New orleans. The 28-state listeria outbreak in a Colorado melon crop
and vegetables said Keith Schneider Phd professor at the University of Florida Department of Food and Nutrition Science.
While produce farmers have optimized procedures to prevent the spread of salmonella E coli and other common pathogens and illnesses the listeria outbreak really opened the eyes of a lot of people in produce that sanitation is a very important step
and vegetable cleaning process or in standing water without an appropriate level of chlorine or other sanitizer said Yaguang Luo Phd research and food technologist United states Department of agriculture (USDA)- Agricultural research services (ARS).
As part of the Food safety Modernization Act (FSMA) the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a proposed draft of science-based standards for growing harvesting packing and holding produce on domestic
The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Food Technologists (IFT. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length g
and barley to a greater number of foodsnew technologies may help food manufacturers more broadly utilize the many healthful benefits of oats
and barley in a greater range of food products according to a June 24 panel discussion at the 2014 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting & Food Expoâ in New orleans. Oats and barley are ancient food
and that they moderate blood glucose concentrations following a meal according to a presentation by Susan M. Toth Phd research scientist Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
In addition there is also research to support that oat and barley foods increase satiety after meals a sensation of feeling full after meals
and noodles to beverages and flat bread said Bo Jiang Phd professor of food science and executive director of the State Laboratory of Food Science and Technology at Jiangnan University in China.
Oats are now the third largest food staple in China growing in popularity as that country deals with rising rates of cancer diabetes heart disease and intestinal issues.
In the U s. barley and oats are used primarily for animal feed since they are difficult to break down
or fractionalize into edible and easy to use food components said Keshun Liu Phd research chemist United states Department of agriculture (USDA) National Small Grains and Potato Germplan Research Unit.
Food uses of barley and oats are limited rather due to lack of palatability of whole grain foods
and the functionality of milled flour from these grains and a poor public image said Liu.
And yet recent discoveries of the varied health benefits of oats and barley have spurred food scientists to develop new
and more efficient methods of breaking down the components and nutrients in these grains to make oats
and barley easier and more appealing to eat and for use as food additives. If we can improve the processing of barley
or oats into value-added fractions enriched with nutrients some with commercial success said Liu. The USDA has developed improved dry
However added Liu food scientists and engineers have more work to do to commercialize these methods
The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Food Technologists (IFT. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length g
The presence of flocks of sheep--which compete with Chamois for food--disturbed the normal behavioural patterns of Chamois forcing them to much higher elevations than they would normally use.
#Food scientists working to diminish, mask bitter tastes in foodsfood scientists are working to block mask
and/or distract from bitter tastes in foods to make them more palatable to consumers many of
whom are genetically sensitive to bitter tastes according to a new presentation at the 2014 Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting
& Food Expoâ in New orleans. Many factors go into why we eat what we do said John Hayes Phd assistant professor of food science and director of the Sensory Evaluation Center at Pennsylvania State university with taste consistently ranking as number one.
There's also a huge variability in how much bitterness people taste. If something is bitter you like it less
Many foods such as broccoli spinach asparagus kale Brussels sprouts grapefruit tea soy and caffeine have a bitter taste.
People with a high sensitivity to bitterness eat 25 percent fewer vegetables said Hayes. The bitter perception is highly complex according to Hayes with 25 known bitter receptor genes.
It's also not destiny. Learning can override innate aversions. You can learn to like things.
And yet as consumer preference grows for products with specific nutrients or ingredients food scientists are working to mask
or diminish bitter and other tastes said Robert Sobel Phd vice president of research and innovation at FONA International.
and yet caffeine can be very bitter. Food manufacturers often add a high-intensity sweetener to energy drinks
and because the brain has a preference for sweetness it diminishes the perception of bitterness.
The addition of phantom aromas such as vanilla berry citrus bacon or even cheese can distract the brain from acknowledging a bitter to taste.
An allosteric modulator can change a food or ingredient's protein structure reducing the salty sweet
or bitter signal to the brain. When deciding which food additives to use to diminish bitter taste formulators must consider differences in regional diets for effective solutions said Sobel.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Food Technologists (IFT. Note:
Materials may be edited for content and length g
#Moth invasions cause widespread damage in the subarctic birch forestin just seven years as much as one-third of the mountain-birch forest in the North Calotte region was defoliated severely by two moth species
Evidence in the current study is the first to suggest that adequate quantities of specific cocoa polyphenols in the diet over time may prevent the glomming together of AÎ into oligomers that damage the brain as a means to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
The idea behind what is being called the JBEI GT Collection is to provide a functional genomic resource for researchers seeking to extract the sugars in plant biomass
Glycosyltransferases (GTS) are enzymes that catalyze the connection of simple monosaccharide sugars into the complex polysaccharide sugars that are essential to a wide range of plant cell structures and processes.
Grassland bird trends were associated positively with the acreages of CRP lands and some types of pastures.
Specifically former graduate student Allyson Radford and two faculty members found children ate whole-and refined-grain foods in equal amounts.
We tried to choose foods we thought kids would enjoy such as cereal bars macaroni and cheese and Sunchips and found that they ate the ready-to-eat snack foods the most said Radford one of the study's authors.
if they would eat the whole-grain foods as much as the refined-grain foods and so we were surprised pleasantly that they would eat the same amount
whether the food was refined whole or. Radford co-wrote the paper with assistant professor Wendy Dahl and professor Bobbi Langkamp-Henken all of
whom are in the food science and human nutrition department. The study was published online last week by the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
Eating whole grains combined with a healthy diet may reduce the risk of heart disease and help with weight management according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
Examples of whole-grain foods include popcorn oats whole wheat bread and brown rice. Refined grains enriched and fortified with nutrients include foods such as white rice and white bread.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans call for at least half the grain consumers eat to be whole grains
and they urge adolescents to consume 5 to 7 ounces of grains daily with at least half being whole grains.
National surveys suggest adolescents consume far less: about 1 ounce or the grain contained in one slice of bread.
Federal dietary guidelines for the 2012-13 school year increased the whole grain required in school lunches.
Starting this fall schools must offer only whole-grain rich products. The new rules requiring more whole grains in school lunches should result in adolescents eating more of them Dahl said
but many parents believe their kids won't eat whole grains. General mills funded a broad study on the impact of whole grains on immunity.
As part of the study Radford wanted to know if children could meet the 2010 dietary guidelines for whole grains.
For the study 83 students in a Florida middle school were assigned randomly to receive either whole-or refined-grain foods over a six-week period in 2010.
Of those 42 students were refined in the grain group while 41 were in the whole-grain group.
or whole-grain pasta rice bread and other foods to eat at home. And they were given whole-and refined-grain snack foods to eat at school.
During the study students in both groups reported eating more than 6 ounces of grains each day and those given whole grains reported more than half their grain intake came from whole grains meeting the 2010 dietary guidelines.
Snacks served at school were the most popular grain foods the kids ate. Encouraging consumption of whole-grain foods that require little to no preparation may be the most effective means of increasing whole grain intake at home said Radford now a UF research study coordinator in food science and human nutrition.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Florida Institute of food and agricultural sciences. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and pastoralists securing food and water resources for their animals the interests of fauna and farmer might finally be unified by the Sodom apple a toxic invasive plant that has overrun vast swaths of East African savanna and pastureland.
Ricardo Holdo a savanna ecologist and assistant professor of biological sciences at the University of Missouri said that the researchers present enough data to potentially determine the amount of pastureland that wild Sodom-apple eaters would be able to keep free of
and impalas could potentially increase the food available to cattle. This is a departure from the conventional view in Africa that livestock
While elephants ate an enormous amount of Solanum seeds they also often destroyed the entire plant ripping it out of the ground and stuffing the whole bush into their mouths.
With the increase in the organic and local food markets there may be areas in which plant breeding can focus to bring better disease resistance
say scientistsa new study on the digestion of milk could lead to the development of new formulas for premature babies weight loss drinks and potentially new drug delivery systems.
and brain building molecules for premature babies or a drink that slows digestion so people feel fuller for longer.
and adding cows'milk the team found that milk has a unique structure--an emulsion of fats nutrients
and that milk fat has significant influence on the flavor texture and nutritional value of all dairy food.
Research from the CHARGE Study has emphasized the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy particularly the use of prenatal vitamins to reduce the risk of having a child with autism.
because charcoal can be used for much more than just grilling sausages on the barbecue. The manufacture of solar cells for one thing.
Currently the reducing agents used are fossil fuels such as coal and coke. However if some of the fossil coal were to be replaced by charcoal this would result in a considerable reduction in CO2 emissions from the manufacturing process.
#Oldest ever schistosomiasis egg found may be first proof of early human technology exacerbating disease burdenthe discovery of a schistosomiasis parasite egg in a 6200-year-old grave at a prehistoric
The oldest Schistosomiasis egg found previously was in Egyptian mummies from 5200 years ago. The egg was found in the pelvic area of the burial where the intestines
and bladder would have been during life. Control soil samples from the head and foot areas of the grave contained no parasitic eggs suggesting that the gravesite was contaminated not with the parasite more recently.
Schistosomiasis has become progressively more common over time so that it causes a huge burden across the world today with over 200 million people infected.
Rice is a staple food for Malaysians. With global demand for rice increasing Malaysia needs to become more self-sufficient in rice production.
Historical accounts indicate that communities hit by the flood were soon in complete disarray with reports of people resorting to banditry to obtain food and stay alive.
It's also nontoxic allowing the honey to be edible for human consumption. Our bacteria produce a volatile chemical that's dispersed through the air
One of every three bites of food in America is related to honeybee pollination according to the United states Department of agriculture.
In collaboration with University of California-Davis he found the bacteria prevented the spread of fungi on bat skin without touching the skin.
Scott says that the gene construct responsible for lethality in antibiotic-free diets is female-specific Interestingly
when not provided tetracycline in their diets the males can be separated out in the larval stage.
http://www. nrs. fs. fed. us/pubs/45939the assessment describes effects of climate change that have already been observed;
study findsa study of 8 European countries presented at this year's European Congress on Obesity (ECO) in Sofia Bulgaria shows that children consuming a diet more in line with the rules of the Mediterranean one are 15%less likely to be overweight
The researchers used data from the IDEFICS study (Identification and Prevention of Dietary--and lifestyle--induced health effects in Children and infants) funded by the European commission.
and enquiring about the consumption frequency of 43 foods. Additional dietary data have been complemented by a telephone interview performed on a sub-sample of parents.
The adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet was assessed by a score calculating by giving one point for high intakes of each food group
which was considered typical of the Mediterranean diet (vegetables fruit and nuts fish and cereal grains) as well as one point for low intakes of foods untypical of the Mediterranean diet (such as dairy and meat products).
Swedish children most Mediterraneaninterestingly the prevalence of high adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet was found to be independent of the geographical distribution with the Swedish children scoring the highest (followed by the Italians)
and the children from Cyprus scoring the lowest. The team found that children with a high adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet were 15%less likely to be overweight or obese than low-adherent children.
and nutrients for plants as well as a bioreactor to purify and filter water it is crucial to our quality of life.
#Surprising spread of spring leaf-out timesdespite conventional wisdom among gardeners foresters and botanists that woody plants all leaf out at about the same time each spring a new study organized by a Boston
when the young leaves had emerged from their buds and their adult shape could be seen even though the leaves were still small.
in mouse embryos the so-called Hox gene transcription factors are distributed asymmetrically in the limb buds which is crucial to the correct patterning of the distal skeleton.
In contrast their distribution becomes symmetrical from early stages onward in limb buds of cattle embryos:
They discovered that the gene expression in limb buds of cattle embryos is altered such that the cells giving rise to the distal skeleton fail to express the Hedgehog receptor called Patched1.
and peanuts on eight farms in Florida and Georgia. They looked at a combined 134 years of daily weather data from the farms
and it helps identify hot spots where food aid might be said neededâ Jim Jones an adviser on the study led by former UF doctoral student Premwoli.
#No evidence that soy food protects against endometrial cancer, study findsresearchers have found no evidence of a protective association between soy food
and endometrial cancer risk says a new study published (18 june) in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
Soy foods are an almost exclusive dietary source of isoflavones a plant-derived estrogen. Some studies have highlighted their potential cancer protective properties
The food questionnaire specifically asked about the consumption of 8 soy food items such as miso soup tofu and soymilk.
The women were divided into three groups according to the intake of soy foods and isoflavones. In the follow up 112 women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer.
Women consuming more isoflavones were older less likely to be current smokers alcohol and regular coffee drinkers and more likely to have a history of diabetes.
They also had a higher dietary intake of fruit and vegetables. Looking specifically at tofu miso soup
and soy food the researchers found no association with endometrial cancer. Neither higher consumption of total soy foods nor isoflavones were associated with the risk of endometrial cancer after adjustment for factors such as age alcohol consumption smoking BMI menopausal status coffee intake
and number of deliveries. Dr Motoki Iwasaki Epidemiology Division Epidemiology and Prevention Group Research center for Cancer Prevention and Screening National Cancer Center Tokyo Japan and co-author said:
Our study found that intake of soy and isoflavones were associated not with the risk of endometrial cancer.
Although the incidence of endometrial cancer is much lower in Asian countries the incidence rate has been increasing.
We also know that the consumption of soy foods among Japanese people is very high.
We need further studies with a greater number of cases to verify these findings and add to the research base.
This large population-based study found no evidence of a protective association of soy food
Unsurprisingly nonhuman primates are quite fond of the food crops we grow! The chimps are basically imposing a'natural tax'on farmers growing crops near the nutrient-rich soils of the forest said Shane Mcguinness lead author on the research
and Phd student in Geography at Trinity who conducted the interview-based study with the help of the Great apes Trust and local conservation workers.
Work is now being finalized on a much larger project around the Volcanoes National park in northern Rwanda made famousby the film Gorillas in the Mist where Mcguinness is assessing the impacts of mountain gorilla buffalo and golden monkey on the conservation of this park and the development
which are loaded with nutrients a University of Florida study shows. After making wine a producer typically sends the grape seeds
and skins to a landfill said Maurice Marshall a UF/IFAS food science and human nutrition professor and study co-author.
But by using cellulase pectinase and glucosidase scientists found the grape seeds and skin arenâ##t just a waste product.
The enzymes increase the antioxidant activity from the grape seeds and skins. New uses could include food additives or nutritional supplements.
Changmou Xu a doctoral student in food science and human nutrition at UF led the study under Marshallâ##s advisement.
Researchers ground muscadine skin or seeds to a powder and extracted phenolics by soaking the powder in a solution of enzymes Marshall said.
Skin and seed extract from muscadine grapes can be used as a food additive or nutritional supplement Marshall said.
Currently the food industry puts synthetic antioxidants into food to preserve it he said. Synthetic antioxidants also preserve fats and oils in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
The phenolics extracted during the UF study on the other hand are natural not synthetic antioxidants. â#oethis concept of using natural antioxidants in many different things in the food world is a nice concept to consumersâ#he said.
In addition to Xu and Marshall study co-authors were Yavuz Yagiz a senior chemist in food science and human nutrition at UF;
Jiang Lu professor of viticultural sciences at Florida A&m University and Milena Ramirez-Rodrigues a former doctoral student in food science and human nutrition.
The study was published in the February online edition of the journal Food Chemistry and is scheduled to be in the journalâ##s print edition in August.
and breeding program in NZ that aims to breed low methane-emitting ruminants without impacting other traits such as reproduction and wool and meat quality.
or by variations in the dwell time of their feed. It's not so much the actual composition of the microbiome that determines emission
and importantly low-methane lines then need to be tested for stability of the trait as well as the absence of any impacts on fertility or meat or wool production.
and spread of the disease up until now is linked mainly to areas that have a high concentration of markets catering to a consumer preference for live birds
and spread of H7n9 are dense clusters of live poultry markets which aggregate birds from large geographical areas located near or just outside densely populated urban areas.
and rest days that can influence the spread of the disease suggesting potential options for reducing risks of further transmission of H7n9.
--and especially in Asia--where soaring demand for animal-source foods is driving production growth in
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