The authors of the study expect that this strategy is an adaptive way to avoid predators and to access more nutritious food.
More frequent extreme weather conditions in Europe also threaten global food security since it produces almost a third of the world's wheat.
These phenomena have been among the main reasons for the growing food shortage and food price spikes says Reimund RÃ tter a research professor at MTT Agrifood Research Finland.
Effects of extreme and adverse events difficult to assessrã tter and his colleagues have studied the risks to crops caused by climate change in the ongoing Cropm/FACCE MACSUR project.
Similar risks apply to other crops as wellthe FACCE MACSUR project runs regional pilot studies throughout Europe on the effects of climate change and adaptation of farming practices on future crop production and food supply.
For example a red-tailed hawk that repeatedly feeds on prey containing sublethal amounts of the second-generation poison is at risk for accumulating a lethal amount over time.
The next most popular category of flavour was followed fruit by dessert/candy alcohol/drinks snacks/meals.
The US regulator the Food and Drug Administration has recently categorised e-cigarettes as a tobacco product
The researchers are part of a College of Veterinary medicine team studying preharvest food safety in beef cattle. Noll has developed
Developing a method to detect E coli before it can potentially contaminate the food supply benefits the beef industry by preventing costly recalls
but also benefits the consumer by ensuring the safety of the beef supply Noll said. The newly developed test is a molecular assay
and beef safety Noll said. As a graduate student in veterinary biomedical sciences I am proud to be a member of a multidisciplinary team in the College of Veterinary medicine that aims to make beef a safe product for the consumers.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Kansas State university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
if gardening would help survivors eat a more nutritious diet and improve physical activity. Wendy Demark-Wahnefried Ph d. R. D. is the associate director for cancer prevention and control in the UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center.
She is registered also a dietitian and a professor in the Department of Nutrition Sciences. She is intrigued by the link between cancer and diet.
There is powerful evidence she says that a diet high in fruits and vegetables is especially beneficial for cancer survivors.
growing tomatoes kale lettuce spinach and a variety of herbs. Rossman has added since another raised bed has planted strawberries
Shaddix one of more than 100 master gardeners in Alabama who have volunteered for Harvest for Health is something of a fresh food crusader.
I love to grow my own food and I want to tell as many people as I can how fun rewarding and tasty it is said she.
and that there are currently 466 e-cigarette brands online offering more than 7700 flavors including candy flavors such as gummy bear
and marshmallow that may appeal to children. In contrast traditional cigarettes sold in the United states can be marketed in just two flavors:
Although the authors support the Food and Drug Administrationâ##s proposed rules that e-cigarette companies be required to list ingredients
#Discovery of bud-break gene could lead to trees adapted for a changing climatescientists have confirmed the function of a gene that controls the awakening of trees from winter dormancy a critical factor in their ability to adjust to environmental changes
No one has isolated ever a controlling gene for this timing in a wild plant outside of Arabidopsis a small flowering plant related to mustard
This is the first time a gene that controls the timing of bud break in trees has been identified. The timings of annual cycles--when trees open their leaves
Strauss called the confirmation of the bud-break gene --which scientists named EBB1 for short--a first step in developing the ability to engineer adaptability into trees in the future.
and Strauss at Oregon State to trace the function of EBB1 in buds and other plant tissues responsible for setting forth the first green shoots of spring.
while the expression of EBB1 in specific cell layers prior to bud-break enables reactivation of growth in the cells that develop into shoots
Better crop production in the U s. would also mean lower food prices. However other countries would experience harsher growing conditions because of El Niã o. O'Neil says South america is expected to be dryer than usual
which would have an impact on the global food market. â#oeif South america goes dry that would affect next year's production worldwide O'Neil said.
#Broccoli sprout beverage enhances detoxification of air pollutants in clinical triala clinical trial involving nearly 300 Chinese men
and women residing in one of China's most polluted regions found that daily consumption of a half cup of broccoli sprout beverage produced rapid significant and sustained higher levels of excretion of benzene
Researchers from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health working with colleagues at several U s. and Chinese institutions used the broccoli sprout beverage to provide sulforaphane a plant compound already demonstrated to have cancer preventive properties
This study supports the development of food-based strategies as part of this overall prevention effort.
Diets rich in cruciferous vegetables of which broccoli is one have been found to reduce risk of chronic degenerative diseases including cancer.
when the plant is chewed or the beverage swallowed. It acts to increase enzymes that enhance the body's capacity to expunge these types of the pollutants.
Participants in the control group drank a beverage made of sterilized water pineapple and lime juice while the beverage for the treatment group additionally contained a dissolved freeze-dried powder made from broccoli sprouts that contained glucoraphanin and sulforaphane.
Sixty-two men (21%)and 229 women (79%)with a median age of 53 (ranging from 21 to 65) years were enrolled in the study.
Urine and blood samples were taken over the course of the trial to measure the fate of the inhaled air pollutants.
The research team found that among participants receiving the broccoli sprout beverage the rate of excretion of the carcinogen benzene increased 61%beginning the first day and continuing throughout the 12-week period.
This strategy may also be effective for some contaminants in water and food. This study points to a frugal simple and safe means that can be taken by individuals to possibly reduce some of the long-term health risks associated with air pollution notes Thomas Kensler Phd professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School
and frequency of the broccoli sprout beverage are planned in the same general region of China.
and red fox fur trapping records across North america to document how the presence of wolves influences the balance of smaller predators further down the food chain.
#Whats the role robotics could play in future food production? A team of computer scientists from the University of Lincoln UK is co-organising an international workshop on recent advances in agricultural robotics.
The world's rapidly growing population brings new challenges for global food security. To meet the future demand for more cheaper and better quality food new and innovative solutions
and improvements to current agricultural practices are required. Agricultural robotics is one of the promising technological solutions for addressing these problems.
and harvesting fruit in orchards to mechanical weeders eliminating the need for herbicides to produce affordable safer food.
Other tasks include the creation of new multipurpose imaging technology to undertake quality inspection tasks in the food industry;
Dr. David Jenkins head of the hospital's Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre compared people with Type 2 diabetes who ate either a low glycemic index diet that included bread made with canola oil
Even more exciting he said was the finding that the canola bread diet seemed to have the most significant impact on people who needed help the most--those
but this positive result may be an indication of why whole wheat foods have consistently been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
and to find out which foods were best for people with diabetes. High GI foods--such as white bread most breakfast cereals potatoes
and rice--produce a large rise in blood glucose and insulin which may damage eyes kidneys and heart.
The carbohydrates in low GI foods--including pasta beans lentils berries apples and certain whole grains such as barley and oats-are broken down more slowly
*This research was funded by the Canola Council of Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Loblaw Companies and the Canada Research Chairs Program.
#Improving diet quality reduces risk for type 2 diabetesimproving the overall quality of one's diet helps to prevent type 2 diabetes independent of other lifestyle changes according to a study presented at the American Diabetes Association
The study by researchers at the Harvard School of Public health found that those who improved their diet quality index scores by 10 percent over four years--by eating more whole grains fruits
and vegetables and less sweetened beverages and saturated fats for example--reduced their risk for type 2 diabetes by about 20 percent compared to those who made no changes to their diets.
Dietary quality was measured using the 110-point Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010. The study also examined
We found that diet was associated indeed with diabetes independent of weight loss and increased physical activity said lead researcher Sylvia Ley Phd a postdoctoral fellow at the Harvard School of Public health.
This is important because it is often difficult for people to maintain a calorie-restricted diet for a long time.
what they eat--consume less red meat and sugar-sweetened beverages and more fruits vegetables and whole grains--they are going to improve their health
and reduce their risk for diabetes. The study also showed that it didn't matter how good
or poor a person's diet was started when they out she said. Regardless of where participants started improving diet quality was beneficial for all.
These insect-eating mammals'name comes from their noses'resemblance to the trunk of an elephant.
and the species is considered endangered because of habitat loss and hunting for food and fur. The first pair of twin fishing cats was born at the National Zoo in May 2012.
#How food marketing creates false sense of healthhealth-related buzzwords such as antioxidant gluten-free and whole grain lull consumers into thinking packaged food products labeled with those words are healthier than they actually are according to a new research study conducted by scholars at the University
That false sense of health as well as a failure to understand the information presented in nutrition facts panels on packaged food may be contributing to the obesity epidemic in the United states said Temple Northup an assistant professor at the Jack J. Valenti School
Food marketers are exploiting consumer desires to be healthy by marketing products as nutritious when in fact they're not said Northup principal investigator of the study Truth Lies and Packaging:
How Food Marketing Creates a False Sense of Health. The study examined the degree to
which consumers link marketing terms on food packaging with good health. It found that consumers tend to view food products labeled with health-related euphemisms as healthier than those without them.
The research also showed that the nutrition facts panels printed on food packaging as required by the U s. Food
and Drug Administration do little to counteract that buzzword marketing. Words like organic antioxidant natural and gluten-free imply some sort of healthy benefit Northup said.
When people stop to think about it there's nothing healthy about Antioxidant Cherry 7-Up--it's mostly filled with high fructose syrup or sugar.
But its name is giving you this clue that there is some sort of health benefit to something that is not healthy at all.
The study also looks at the priming psychology behind the words to explain why certain words prompt consumers to assign a health benefit to a food product with unhealthy ingredients.
Northup developed an experiment using priming theory to gather quantitative research on how food marketers influence consumers.
He developed an online survey that randomly showed images of food products that either included actual marketing words like organic
Annie's Bunny Fruit Snacks (Organic) Apple sauce (Organic) Chef Boyardee Beefaroni (Whole Grain) Chef Boyardee Lasagna (Whole Grain) Chocolate Cheerios (Heart
Healthy) Cherry 7-Up (Antioxidant) Smuckers Peanut butter (All Natural) and Tostitos (All Natural. Northup found when participants were shown the front of food packaging that included one of those trigger words they would rate the items as healthier.
I took a label from Cherry 7-Up Antioxidant and Photoshop it without the word'antioxidant'and only the words'Cherry 7-Up.'
After completing the product evaluations the study participants then reviewed the nutrition facts panels on a variety of products.
so the participants could choose the healthier food or drink option. Food marketers say there are nutritional labels
so people can find out what's healthy and what's not he said. Findings from this research study indicate people aren't very good at reading nutritional labels even in situations where they are choosing between salmon and Spam.
Approximately 20 percent picked Spam as the healthier option over salmon said Northup. Northup hopes the results of this study will contribute to an increased dialogue on how food is marketed guide development of specific media literacy
and help people understand the effects of how food is marketed to consumers. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Houston.
The original article was written by Melissa Carroll. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#Identifying cyst-laden meat: Sarcocystis thermostable PCR detection kit developedconsumption of undercooked cyst-laden meat from cattle sheep
and goats may cause infection in humans. Researchers from Universiti Teknologi MARA have invented successfully a PCR kit
which provides a suitable and feasible means of screening detection and identification with high sensitivity and specificity of the parasite.
Sarcosytis spp are intracellular protozoan parasites acquired upon consumption of undercooked cyst-laden meat from cattle sheep and goats.
and S. suihominis after ingesting raw meat from cattle and pigs respectively. Cases of human infection have been documented.
Studies have shown that sarcosytis spp were seen in 56%of hamburgers 20%of hotdogs and sausages.
Definitive diagnosis with identification of sporocysts in feces requires multiple stool examinations several days after having eaten the meat.
This kit can be of invaluable help for large scale quick screening of meat for sarcocystis
. thus its value cannot be overemphasized for not only meat industry but also the ministry concerned with food and meat safety.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Universiti Teknologi MARA (Uitm. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
Fast forward to the Internet Age when communication researchers ran 859 U s. grocery shoppers through a similar thought experiment:
At the same time iron is an essential nutrient for plants and humans. Iron deficiency affects 30 percent of the worldâ##s population particularly in developing countries.
The Cornell-led study published in The Plant Cell describes an important role of a protein that transports nutrients â#OPT3 â#in maintaining balance of the essential micronutrient iron in Arabidopsis small plants related to cabbage
and mustard that are used as models for studying plant biology. OPT3 function in plants was previously unknown.
#More than just food for koalas: Scientists sequence genome of eucalyptus--a global tree for fuel
and biomaterials production and provide a stable year-round source of biomass that doesn't compete with food crops.
and hemicellulose both long chains of sugars with the remaining biomass primarily composed of lignin the tough glue that holds it all together.
Now for the first time Ralph Bock's group at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology could show that new species can be generated in an asexual manner As well as in previous studies Bock's group at the Max Planck Institute
if there is a transfer of genetic information between the nuclei as well Ralph Bock says while explaining the recent study.
If complete genomes were transferred the new plants would contain the sum of the chromosome numbers of the two species. Indeed we found 72 chromosomes in the resistant plants Ralph Bock explains 72 is the sum of the 24 N. glauca
#Infant nutrition, development of type 1 diabetes: Is it possible to prevent the illness by splitting the proteins of cows milk?
Forest debris that drains into lakes is important to freshwater food chainsresearch shows forest debris that drains into lakes is an important contributor to freshwater food chains--bolstering fish diets to the extent that increased forest
Debris from forests that washes into freshwater lakes supplements the diets of microscopic zooplankton and the fish that feed off them--creating larger and stronger fish new research shows.
The researchers warn that as forests are eroded through human activities such as logging the impacts will be felt in aquatic as well as terrestrial food chains.
In fact the study was conducted at a Canadian lake chosen because it had suffered ecological disaster during the mid-20th century:
Carbon from forest debris has a different elemental mass than carbon produced by algae in the aquatic food chain.
and leaves instead of aquatic food chain sources said Dr Andrew Tanentzap from Cambridge's Department of Plant sciences
While plankton raised on algal carbon is more nutritious organic carbon from trees washed into lakes is a hugely important food source for freshwater fish bolstering their diet to ensure good size
Until recently algae were believed to be the only source of food for zooplankton but the new research builds on previous work that showed they also feed on bacteria from forest matter drained into lakes.
The researchers worked along the food chains in the mini deltas. Where you have dissolved more forest matter you have more bacteria more bacteria equals more zooplankton;
The young fish in these parts of the lake were considerably smaller due to less available food.
Forest loss is damaging aquatic food chains of which many humans are a part. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Cambridge.
and yeastgood chocolate is among the world's most beloved foods which is why scientists are seeking to improve the product
A team of researchers from Germany and Switzerland--the heartland of fine chocolate--have embarked upon a quest to better understand natural cocoa fermentation
and his collaborators from the Nestle Research Centre Lausanne Switzerland simulated cocoa pulp fermentation in the laboratory.
and how they use the nutrients to fuel the different parts of their metabolism in order to grow and produce extracellular products he says.
Production of acetate requires two major nutrients: lactate and ethanol. These are produced by lactic acid bacteria
and yeast respectively during the initial fermentation of cocoa pulp sugars says Wittmann. The acetic acid bacteria then process these simultaneously via separate metabolic pathways ultimately producing acetate from them.
#Estimated risk of breast cancer increases as red meat intake increases, study suggestsso far studies have suggested no significant association between red meat intake and breast cancer.
However most have been based on diet during midlife and later and many lines of evidence suggest that some exposures potentially including dietary factors may have greater effects on the development of breast cancer during early adulthood.
They analyzed data from 88803 premenopausal women (aged 26 to 45) taking part in the Nurses'Health Study II who completed a questionnaire on diet in 1991.
Red meat items included unprocessed red meat (beef pork or lamb and hamburger and processed red meat (such as hot dogs bacon and sausage;
poultry included chicken and turkey; fish included tuna salmon mackerel sardines; legumes included beans lentils and peas;
Adolescent food intake was measured also and included foods that were eaten commonly from 1960 to 1980
when these women would have been in high school. Medical records identified 2830 cases of breast cancer during 20 years of follow-up.
Putting these real life data into a statistical model allowed the researchers to estimate breast cancer risks for women with different diets.
They estimated that for each step-by-step increase in the women's consumption of red meat there was a step-by-step increase in the risk of getting breast cancer over the 20 year study period.
For example the model estimated that there would be 493 cases of breast cancer over 306298 person years among women with the lowest intake of red meat.
This translated to an estimate that higher intake of red meat was associated with a 22%increased risk of breast cancer overall.
Each additional serving per day of red meat was associated with a 13%increase in risk of breast cancer (12%in premenopausal and 8%in postmenopausal women.
Substituting one serving per day of poultry for one serving per day of red meat--in the statistical model--was associated with a 17%lower risk of breast cancer overall and a 24%lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Furthermore substituting one serving per day of combined legumes nuts poultry and fish for one serving per day of red meat was associated with a 14%lower risk of breast cancer overall and premenopausal breast cancer.
The authors conclude that higher red meat intake in early adulthood may be a risk factor for breast cancer
and replacing red meat with a combination of legumes poultry nuts and fish may reduce the risk of breast cancer.
Further study of the relation between diet in early adulthood and risk of breast cancer is needed they add.
Since diet can influence insulin activation the researchers wondered whether diet could impact breast cancer prognosis based on expression of the IGF1 receptor in the primary breast tumor tissue.
The women they studied were part of a larger intervention trial called the Women's Healthy Eating
This is the first study to suggest that it might be possible to personalize recommended diets for breast cancer survivors based on the molecular characteristics of their primary tumor.
what type of carbohydrate-containing foods may be the most important foods that breast cancer survivors should limit she said.
consuming whole grains and also limiting refined grains starchy vegetables and added sugar. Story Source:
When crops are pollinated adequately on the other hand the plants bear more fruit and their nutrient content changes.
In the case of several almond trees they combined the various manipulations in order to study in isolation and in combination the effects on harvest yield and the composition of nutrients in the nuts.
This led the scientists to the conclusion that an almond tree can compensate for a lack of nutrients
and water in the short term by directing stored nutrients and water to the fruits but cannot compensate for insufficient pollination.
Furthermore the scientists demonstrated that the composition of nutrients differs depending on the pollination mode: Nuts from the self-pollinated trees contained a lower proportion of linoleic acid but a higher proportion of Vitamin e.
This is known as food pollen syndrome cross-reacting allergens found in both pollen and raw fruits vegetables and some tree nuts.
Summer allergy symptoms can easily be mistaken for colds food intolerances or other ailments said Dr. Foggs.
Recent dietary studies suggest that this diet reduces the incidence of events related to the disease including heart attack
when it is consumed pureed in ketchup or in the presence of olive oil. Whilst there is strong epidemiological evidence to support the role of lycopene in reducing cardiovascular risk the mechanism by
There's a wealth of research that suggests that the Mediterranean diet --which includes lycopene found in tomatoes
It reinforces the need for a healthy diet in people at risk from heart disease and stroke.
#Pathway between gut, liver regulates bone mass: Biological process behind role of Vitamin b12 in bone formation unravelledresearchers have uncovered a previously unknown biological process involving Vitamin b12
#Grain legume crops sustainable, nutritiouspopular diets across the world typically focus on the right balance of essential components like protein fat and carbohydrates.
Diets that do not provide adequate amounts of micronutrients lead to a variety of diseases that affect most parts of the human body.
In addition to the micronutrients described in this research they also contain 20-25%protein 45-50%slowly digestible starch soluble and insoluble fiber
Our specific motivation is to learn where to best target agricultural efforts to slow global warming said Phil Robertson director of MSU's Kellogg Biological Station Long-term Ecological Research Program and senior
and food sources for other estuarine species. Approximately 200 mosquito species live in the United states . In addition to causing painful itchy bumps to people mosquito bites can transmit serious diseases such as malaria dengue fever
During the last 15 years expansion of agriculture in the state has helped Brazil become one of the world's top producers of soy corn cotton and other staple crops.
and intervention including a moratorium on exporting soy grown on deforested land. But new research from Brown University suggests something else may be helping slow deforestation:
and spatial accuracy said Jack Mustard professor of geological sciences at Brown and another of the study's authors.
Such increases in food production from double cropping--without expanding to new lands--are the key to meeting global food needs as populations
They aerate the soil cycle nutrients and play a role in plant defense and seed dispersal.
Ants move more soil than earthworms plus they are food for lots of reptiles and birds.
Through this technique the ants consume the sugar-rich honey dew the aphids secrete much as humans use cow's milk.
in Brookings County and Spirit Mound in Clay County. The U s. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the restored areas
while the undisturbed area at Sioux Prairie is managed by the Nature Conservancy Oak Lake by SDSU and Spirit Mound by the S d. Game fish and Parks Department.
or pasture land were restored anywhere from one to four years ago according to Winkler. This involved taking the areas down to the bare ground and then seeding native grasses.
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