and perform all kinds of vital roles in their environments from eating fecal matter to pollinating flowers.
Besides the obvious detriments of polluting one's own drinking water pollution from agricultural runoff when it reaches the oceans also creates so-called dead zones algae blooms develop
The contents of an animal's poop can reveal its diet which tells scientists where the animal has been.
Fermentation scientist Beer wine bread cheese pickles yogurt all of these foods are made by fermentation the process by
which yeast or bacteria convert sugars to acids gases or alcohol. Fermentation scientists or zymologists study how these microorganisms can be used in fermentation processes such as beer brewing.
Louis Pasteur was the first zymologist discovering that yeast led to fermentation. Some universities even have programs now where students can major in fermentation sciences.
#7 Ways Food Needs to Change NEW YORK Food. It's among the most fundamental of human needs.
 At a discussion on the future of food here at the American Museum of Natural history on Tuesday (March 5) a panel of experts grappled with the issues of how society produces
and consumes food. Here are seven key points they addressed: 1. How much should food cost?
Most would say the right not to be hungry is a basic human right but it gets thorny
Discussion within the United nations has focused on ensuring that all people are able to obtain food for themselves.
However it's impossible to think about food without also thinking of trade ownership and in a capitalist society profit Wolpe said.
Meanwhile plant geneticist Paul Gepts of the University of California Davis said the U s. Department of agriculture statistics show progressively smaller shares of Americans'income going to food freeing them up to spend more money elsewhere.
But that cheep food has said consequences he. What is the cost of producing food ever more cheaply?
Gepts said noting that such costs came in the form of ecological damage and the exploitation of farm laborers.
I think food right now is artificially cheap he said. 2. The need to feed a growing world.
meanwhile as people become wealthier their diets are changing. Recent experience shows production can be increased in two ways:
Farmers do need not necessarily to produce a higher overall tonnage of food but food production in certain places such as parts of Africa needs to be improved Wolpe said.
If we could manage to triple the yield in the U s . I don't think that would be an adequate solution.
but with the least amount of impact on the world's ecosystems Gepts said. 4. What's the reality behind fears of genetically modified food?
Wolpe recounted hearing food company executives talk about how like everyone else they suffered from diabetes and worried about what their kids ate
While much of the conversation focused on food production Wolpe and other panelists noted that food consumption is the other half of the equation.
The discussion was held in connection with the museum's exhibition Our Global Kitchen: Food Nature Culture.
Follow us on Twitter@livescience Facebookâ or Google+.+Original article on Livescience. com c
#72,000 Ladybugs Released in Mall of America Ladybug ladybug fly away home the nursery rhyme advises.
Ladybugs members of the coccinellid family of beetles which are valued by gardeners for their habit of eating pests like aphids.
Though some shoppers have complained that the ladybugs might fly onto food a mall spokesperson noted that the insects tend to spend their lives on plants not human food.
It converts its restaurants'fryer fat into biodiesel fuel for the mall's security vehicles according to the site's MOABLOG.
#7up Will Stop Labeling Products As Containing'Antioxidants'The company that makes 7up will no longer make the claim that some of its beverages have antioxidants.
which complained about the marketing of the 7up sodas called Cherry Antioxidant Mixed Berry Antioxidant and Pomegranate Antioxidant.
The three sodas contain a small amount of Vitamin e which is considered an antioxidant ut according to the lawsuit pictures of fruit on the labels gave the impression that the antioxidants might have come from fruit
but there is no fruit juice of any kind in any variety of 7up the CSPI says.
In addition the Food and Drug Administration prohibits manufacturers from adding vitamins to carbonated soft drinks. Dr pepper Snapple Group which makes 7up has agreed now to stop fortifying its products with vitamins
Soda is not a health food and should not be marketed as a healthy source of antioxidants
or other nutrients Steve Gardner litigation director at CSPI said in a statement. It s to the credit of Dr pepper Snapple Group that it carefully considered these concerns
#8 Top Meals from Nutritionists<p>Nutritionists spend lots of time scrutinizing food so their brains are chock-full of information about
But when it comes to their own meals do they practice what they preach? When no one's looking what do they like to eat?</
</p><p>Here's a rundown of what some nutritionists tuck into for their own meals and snacks.</
</strong>Scrambled eggs with two slices of turkey bacon onions and spinach.<<br/><strong>Why She Likes It:</
</strong>Because of the high protein content of the eggs " this meal keeps me energized for about four hours. "<
<br/>" Also I get a good hit of folic acid from the spinach (great for brain health) and fiber
</strong>Heather Mangieri a nutrition consultant and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.<
</strong>Bran flakes with one half a banana a teaspoon of walnuts and skim milk.<<br/><strong>Why She Likes It:</
but the bran cereal provides me with 100 percent of the daily iron that I need a nutrient that
I often struggle to get enough of.<<br/>" I like the flavor and texture that walnuts provide
when mixed into the cereal. And walnuts are a good source of alpha linolenic-acid acid (ALA) the plant-based omega-3
which has been linked to a lower risk of heart disease. Using skim milk allows me to keep the calories controlled
while still getting a healthy dose of high-quality protein to balance out the meal. Milk is also a fantastic source of calcium Vitamin d and potassium. "</
</strong>Heather Mangieri a nutrition consultant and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.<
m a huge advocate of having lunch be the biggest meal of the day. The beans in the turkey chili help to keep me full for the rest of the workday so I’
m not thinking about food. And I make it with tomatoes and peppers so I’ m sure to get loads of nutrition. "</
</p><p><strong>Who:</</strong>Andrea Giancoli a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.<
<br/><strong>What She Eats:</</strong>Salmon with roasted/baked broccoli and whole wheat couscous.<
<br/><strong>Why She Likes It:</</strong>Giancoli often prepares this meal for dinner but has leftovers for lunch the next day
so she gets lots of bang for her buck. Other reasons this is a lunchtime favorite: "
Salmon is a great source of omega-3 fatty acids; quinoa is whole grain goodness; and broccoli gives me Vitamin c and a little calcium plus a boost of fiber. "</
</strong>Andrea Giancoli a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.<<br/><strong>What She Eats:</
</strong>Heather Mangieri a nutrition consultant and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics<br/><strong>What She Eats:</
</strong>A snack platter with berries and a hard-boiled egg.<<br/><strong>Why She Likes It:</
Eggs are an easy and affordable source of high-quality protein and a variety of other high-quality nutrients.
mini-meal. ' Just as meals should be balanced with a healthy carbohydrate a lean protein
and a bit of fat a mini-meal should look the same just in a smaller size. "</
</p><p><strong>Who:</</strong>Deborah Enos a certified nutritionist and a health coach in the Seattle area.<
</strong>Black bean soup.<<br/><strong>Why She Likes It:</</strong>" Beans are high in protein
<br/>Enos makes this recipe with one can of refried beans and one can of rinsed black beans (rinsing removes excess salt.)
She adds half a can of salsa and chicken broth and tops the soup with a little sour cream a sprinkle of grated cheese a slice of avocado some cilantro and crushed low-fat chips.</
</p><p><strong>Who:</</strong>Heather Mangieri a nutrition consultant and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.<
<br/><strong>What She Eats:</</strong>Almond-crusted tilapia with sweet potato and broccoli.<<br/><strong>Why She Likes It:</
Sweet potatoes provide several key nutrients including beta-carotene Vitamin c fiber and potassium. They also offer 30 percent of our daily allowance for Vitamin c are loaded with beta-carotene (a powerful antioxidant)
Most importantly I eat these foods because they taste great and they make me feel great. "</
3. Reindeer were shaman spirit animals. Reindeer are common in Siberia and Northern europe and seek out these hallucinogenic fungi as the area's human inhabitants have also been known to do.
I think it's becoming general knowledge that Santa is taking a'trip'with his reindeer. 6 Surprising Facts About Reindeer Amongst the Siberian shamans you have an animal spirit you can journey with in your vision quest Ruck continued.
And reindeer are common and familiar to people in eastern Siberia. 4. Shamans dressed like Santa claus. These shamans also have a tradition of dressing up like the mushroom they dress up in red suits with white spots Ruck
and the ancestral practice of eating mushrooms is a coincidence and he doesn't know about any direct link. 5 Surprising Facts About Christmas 6. Rudolph's nose resembles a bright-red mushroom.
If you look at the evidence of Siberian shamanism which I've done Hutton said you find that shamans didn't travel by sleigh didn't usually deal with reindeer spirits very rarely took the mushrooms to get trances didn't have red-and-white clothes.
But Rush and Ruck disagree saying shamans did deal with reindeer spirits and the ingestion of mushrooms is documented well.
-and-other-bible-rewrites-120919. htm>discovery of a 1600-year-old papyrus fragment</a>.Karen L. King a historian at Harvard Divinity school identified
and gum disease requires daily brushing and regular flossing. But brushing your tongue is another important step that may get overlooked in keeping your mouth clean.</
and food particles trapped in the tongue and freshens your breath.</</p><p>Be careful though if you'
</p><p>If drinking water seems boring then put a little pizzazz into your glass or water bottle by adding some slices of lemon lime or orange.</
</p><p>These refreshing twists on water may jazz up its taste be a flavorful stand-in for sugary soft drinks
t drink much water during the day adding that people don' t often recognize thirst. "
</p><p>To stay hydrated the Institute of Medicine suggests that women drink about nine cups (a cup is 8 ounces) of water a day including water itself
and other beverages it is found in and men should aim for 13 cups daily.</
s frequent use to mop up blood from raw meat grime and spills as well as its moist and porous texture make it a perfect breeding ground for food-borne bacteria mold and mildew.</
</p><p>To stop the spread of germs and sanitize your sponge make sure it'
s wet then zap it in the microwave for 30 seconds every evening or place it in the dishwasher the CDC recommends.
#97%of Restaurant Kids'Meals Are Unhealthy, Consumer Group Says Despite steps by some chain restaurants to offer healthier kids'meals most still aren't very nutritious according to a new report.
Of the3500 meals from 41 top chain restaurantsthat were analyzed just 3 percent met the nutrition standards set by the Center for Science in the Public interest (CSPI) the advocacy organization that conducted the report.
Fifty percent of the meals had more than 600 calories 78 percent offered soft drinks as a beverage option
and 73 percent offered fries as a side. The report named several meals as particularly egregious examples of unhealthy offerings including the following:
One out of every three American children is overweight or obese but it s as if the chain-restaurant industry didn t get the memo Margo Wootan nutrition policy director at CSPI said in a statement..
Most chains seem stuck in a time warp serving up the same old meals based on chicken nuggets burgers macaroni and cheese fries and soda.
In order to meet CSPI's standards kids'meals cannot have more than 430 calories (including no more than 35 percent of calories from fat and 10 percent of calories from saturated and trans fats) 35 percent added sugars
by weight and 770 mg of sodium. Additionally CSPI-approved meals need to offer one of the following nutritious items:
at least a half-serving of fruit or vegetables an item made from at least 51 percent whole grains or a specified level of vitamins or fiber.
The standards from the National Restaurant Association an industry group are similar but allow more calories.
and nine chains met the National Restaurant Association's criteria. Nonetheless there has been some improvement in kids'meals over the years.
In 2008 just 1 percent of meals met the CSPI's nutrition standards and the percentage of meals that met the CSPI's criteria for sodium has increased from 15 percent in 2008 to 34 percent in 2012.
To make meals more nutritious the CSPI recommended that restaurants offer kids meals with more fruit
and vegetable options (making these default sides) and more whole-grain items as well as remove soda and other sugary drinks from the meals.
Pass it on: Most kids'meals offered at chain restaurants aren't very nutritious. Follow Rachael Rettner@Rachaelrettner. Follow Myhealthnewsdaily@Myhealth mhnd Facebook & Google
#A Blast of A find: 12 New Alaskan Volcanoes In Alaska scores of volcanoes and strange lava flows have escaped scrutiny for decades shrouded by lush forests
and hidden under bobbing coastlines. In the past three years 12 new volcanoes have been discovered in Southeast Alaska
Another popular test involved mixing wine with urine and watching the resulting changes. Since alcohol can react with the proteins in urine this test might have been successful
if analyzed by someone who knew what color-related changes to look for. Some 17th-century doctors dipped a ribbon into a pot of a woman's urine;
or hcg that's found only in pregnant women marking the first time a single compound was discovered that could indicate pregnancy status. To determine the presence of hcg a sample of the woman's urine was injected into an immature female mouse frog or rabbit.
or the rabbit test was about 98 percent accurate. Women would euphemistically claim the rabbit died
when referring to their pregnancy. Testing involving frogs took a bizarre turn in the 1940s when thousands of African clawed frogs were imported for pregnancy testing.
The rabbit test and other tests like it weren't foolproof: Not only were they expensive
In 1976 drug maker Warner-Chilcott sought approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for an early-pregnancy test or e. p. t. For $10 women could purchase the two-hour test kit to use in the privacy of her own home;
but at a special event this week bug aficionados can taste new insect-y twists on Thanksgiving staples such as pumpkin pie and cranberry sauce.
The Audubon Butterfly Garden and Insectarium in New orleans is cooking up insect-filled Thanksgiving treats at their cafe called Bug Appã tit this Tuesday (Nov 26) and Wednesday (Nov 27.
The Thanksgiving snacks will include a mealworm-filled cornbread stuffing wax worm cranberry sauce and a dessert of cricket pumpkin pie said Jayme Necaise director of animal
and visitor programs at the museum. Patrons will be offered samples of treats along with a small cube of turkey.
and nutrients such as iron and magnesium and unlike beef or pork most bugs require little energy water or space to raise.
As a result many experts believe that raising insects for food will be a key environmentally friendly way to feed the 11 billion people on the planet by 2100.
The insectarium routinely serves bugs to its patrons in dishes such as mealworm-filled six-legged salsa and chocolate chirp cookies
 The mealworms tend to have an earthy taste similar to pumpernickel or other earthy breads.
and they taste like a dry roasted nut with some likening their flavor to walnuts
or pecans Necaise said. Each of the dishes are usually about 25 percent insect and 75 percent traditional ingredients because higher percentages of bug parts could be a bit of a shock to an unaccustomed palate Necaise said.
If you take a mouthful of crickets it takes a while to chew it because of the exoskeleton Necaise said.
Hardcore bug eaters however can always ask for extra cricket on the side. Humane and sanitary The insects are purchased from commercial suppliers who raise them predominantly for the pet food industry (reptiles
and eat an organic diet. They're fed only the finest fruits and vegetables and meal bran Necaise said.
To prepare the insects the best option is to put them into bags in the freezer where their metabolism slows down they go to sleep
and include recipes for some of their most popular dishes Necaise said. Follow Tia Ghose on Twitterâ and Google+.
but their spread could have negative consequences for local ecosystems especially if they push out native ant populations that play a crucial role in dispersing plant seeds.
and resource management tool for millennia to clear forest to plant crops add nutrients to soil clear trails collect honey
and soy farming so today the Kisã djã and the other peoples of the Xingu Park live on an island of forest in a sea of deforestation.
or old pasture increasingly sweep into indigenous territories. The Instituto Socioambiental one of Environmental Defense Fund's partners in Brazil is helping the Xingu indigenous groups learn how to control
and water into food in a process known as photosynthesis. As they grow bits of wood and leaves are shed that eventually decompose on the ground
Food for the river Previously it was believed that much of this plant matter floated down the Amazon river to the ocean where it ultimately became buried in the seafloor.
It's a mechanism for the rivers'role in the global carbon cycle it's the food for the river breath.
#Ambience Influences How Whisky Tastes A whisky sipped in a room smelling of fresh-cut grass with the sound of sheep baaing in the background tastes different from having the same drink in a sweet-smelling red room with piano music playing
Many people have noticed that the environment where food or drink is consumed can affect its taste
but few scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the phenomenon. In the new study participants taste-tested whisky in three different environments reporting that it tasted different in each.
The atmosphere plays a much bigger role than any of us realize said study researcher Charles Spence a psychologist at the University of Oxford. 5 Things You Don't Know About Bourbon For example drinking wine on vacation in the Mediterranean is never quite the same as
when buying a bottle of that wine and consuming it at home on a winter's evening Spence told Livescience.
Scientists more often have explored how the environment influences the taste of wine. But wine is notoriously finicky it changes from year to year
and a badly corked bottle can taste off. Spence and colleagues used whisky because it has a similar complexity to wine but a more consistent taste.
At a large whisky-tasting event in London the researchers created three specially designed rooms for their taste-test:
A grassy room had a turf floor the sound of baaing sheep and the smell of freshly cut grass;
a sweet room was filled with a sweet fragrance rounded red objects and a high-pitched tinkling sound (all of
The researchers gave between 450 and 500 members of the public who weren't whisky connoisseurs a glass of 12-year-old single-malt Scotch whisky
 In each room the tasters used a scorecard to rate attributes of the whisky including the nose (smell) the taste
The atmosphere of each room had a notable effect on how the whisky tasted the ratings showed.
Tasters rated the whisky as tasting grassier in the grassy room sweeter in the sweet room
Most people thought the whisky tasted best in the woody room. To rule out the possibility that the context of the experiment was leading to the results the group pretested a small group in a lab environment finding that sights
The researchers worried that participants might knowingly try to confound the results by rating the whisky's taste as opposite from the characteristics of each room.
The findings detailed today (Oct 8) in the journal Flavour illustrate the importance of the surroundings on the taste and flavor of food or drink.
How a meal tastes whether at a restaurant or a dinner party is going to be some combination of the best ingredients combined with the atmosphere Spence said.
and traditions of the United states including language religion food and the arts. Nearly every region of the world has influenced American culture as it is a country of immigrants most notably The english who colonized the country beginning in the early 1600s.
and climate but the American style of dressing is predominantly casual. Denim sneakers and cowboy hats and boots are some items of clothing that are associated closely with Americans.
American food American cuisine has been influenced by Europeans and Native americans in its early history. Today there are a number of foods that are identified commonly as American such as hamburgers hot dogs potato chips macaroni and cheese and meat loaf.
As American as apple pie has come to mean something that is authentically American. There are also styles of cooking
and types of foods that are specific to a region. Southern-style cooking is called often American comfort food
and includes dishes such as fried chicken collard greens black-eyed peas and corn bread. Tex-Mex popular in Texas and the Southwest is a blend of Spanish
and Mexican cooking styles and includes items such as chili and burritos and relies heavily on shredded cheese and beans.
Arts The United states is known widely around the world as a leader in mass media production including television and movies.
The television broadcasting industry took hold in the United states in the early 1950s and American television programs are shown around the world.
#American Kids Need More Whole Grains, Veggies, Seafood, Report Says American children's diets fall considerably short of meeting national dietary recommendations according to a new government report.
Researchers measured diet quality by giving children a score from zero to 100 with 100 representing a diet that fully met national dietary guidelines.
The researchers also looked at how well children fared in meeting the guidelines for specific food groups.
The diet-quality scores of children and adolescents would be improved by increasing the intake of vegetables especially dark greens
and beans replacing refined grains for whole grains substituting seafood for some meat and poultry and decreasing the intake of sodium (salt) and empty calories from solid fats
and added sugars the report said. See 10 Ways to Promote Kids'Healthy Eating Habits.
Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease may stem in part from childhood eating patterns according to the report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
In addition to examining diet the report looked at a number of other measures of children's well-being.
I expect it will be about as entertaining as people charging into a cow pasture. But whether it's boring
Pacelle's most recent Op-Ed was Butter-Cow Prank Does Nothing to Help the Cause of Animals.
People should eat a high-fiber diet consuming about 30 grams of fiber as well as drinking about 2 liters of water a day Moore said.
But there are certain foods that are constipating and should be avoided if people start having problems (bananas for example).
Hammurabi himself would discuss the nature of his divinity in his famous law code. Law Code of Hammurabi While the Law Code of Hammurabi (now in the Louvre) is well known for its oeeye for an eye style of lawmaking it also sets out the nature of the relationship between Hammurabi the gods and the people he ruled.
#Ancient Elephants Grazed Before They Had Teeth for It Ancient elephants switched from eating primarily leaves
and cooler prompting the gradual spread of grasslands over areas that were forested once heavily. In Photos:
Mammals Through Time What we find with a lot of mammal groups is that some species switched their diets Lister said.
and form chemical traces of food and water become locked into the enamel which enable paleontologists to determine the diets of extinct animals.
By studying these fossilized teeth Lister noticed that the change in feeding behavior occurred about 7 million years ago
Even with the wrong teeth for it by starting to eat grass as food these animals were imposing a lot of selective pressure.
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