#Collaborative efforts help mental health patients quit smokingpersons with mental illness account for more than one-third of adult smokers in the United states
and despite a decline in tobacco use during the past five decades there has been no change in the smoking rate for patients with poor mental health.
To combat reliance on tobacco in mental health populations experts agree that mental health services and government-sponsored tobacco control programs must work together to improve education and access to smoking cessation programs.
Historically mental health care has operated separately from general medical practices where collaborations exist to strongly encourage smoking cessation in typical patient populations said Jill M. Williams MD professor of psychiatry at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical school.
and then provided fodder once cattle were domesticated. The process is still underway in the region's pristine floodplains.
In the northern regions of the boreal the surrounding hillsides have thin infertile soils and lack shrubs or herbs that can fix nitrogen.
weight gainonions a key ingredient in recipes around the globe come in a tearless version that scientists are now reporting could pack health benefits like its close relative garlic which is renowned for protecting against heart disease.
which suggests a similar heart-friendly role for the tearless onions as well as a possible role in managing weight gain in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Its pungency has driven cooks to don goggles clench wooden spoons in their mouths and try other usually futile techniques to prevent crying at the cutting board.
which instead makes a sulfur compound similar to one found in cut garlic that may be the key to its cardiovascular benefits.
Many people eat garlic cloves or take it as a nutritional supplement in pill form to reduce the clumping of platelets in the blood
The scientists found that in lab tests extract from the tearless onion significantly reduced platelet clumping compared to regular onions or even garlic.
Also preliminary testing in rats showed that the tearless onion could help control weight gain--more so than regular onions or garlic.
and yeast researchers from the University of Alicante have developed a novel and efficient antifungal composition with pharmacological applications in agriculture and food industry among others.
In the food industry for example for coating foods to prevent microbial contamination and in the textile industry as a detergent for cleaning surfaces.
This new research published today in the journal Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism shows that regular long-term wild blueberry diets may help improve
or prevent pathologies associated with the metabolic syndrome including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a group of risk factors characterized by obesity hypertension inflammation dyslipidemia glucose intolerance
and insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction explains Dr. Klimis-Zacas a Professor of clinical nutrition at the University of Maine
Many substances found in food have the potential to prevent Mets thus reducing the need for medication and medical intervention.
and endothelial function regular long-term wild blueberry diets may also help improve pathologies associated with the Mets. Story Source:
Pringle and her colleagues found that the strength of the tree-ant mutualism--as measured by investment of trees in sugar for ants
through the scale insects the trees indirectly pay a carbon fee in the form of sugar-rich sap that is distilled into honeydew to the ants in exchange for guard duty.
When ants patrolling the surface of the tree encounter a leaf-eating insect they bite the insect until it falls from the tree Pringle said.
and the colonies sent more ants to attack the leaf-eaters and chase them away.
which are used for food by the trees the scale insects and the ants. Defoliation is a greater potential threat at the drier sites
and blue tits scout for food in the morning but only return to eat it in late afternoon to maximize their chances of evading predators in the day without starving to death overnight Oxford university research has found.
They then used 101 feeders which detected these tags and captured the exact time individual birds found each feeder.
By moving 36 of these feeders around the forest throughout the day and recording the results the team showed that birds gathered information about new food sources during the morning
so that they can then eat it later in the day. The birds studied were a mixture of great tits (Parus major) blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) marsh tits (Poecile palustris) coal tits (Periparus ater) and nuthatches (Sitta europaea.
The researchers wanted to test the idea that instead of simply'idly waiting'until the afternoon birds were actively seeking out new sources of food to work out where their next meal was coming from.'
'Our results show that these birds display very different patterns of food discovery in the morning and afternoon;
very few new food sources were found during the afternoon whereas nearly every new food source that we put out during the morning was discovered quickly.
It supports the idea of an'early bird'strategy of scouting for food early on so that they can return to feast a couple of hours before dusk in preparation for a long winter's night.'
'Winter is a tough time for small garden birds as not only is there less natural food available
but their predators such as the sparrowhawk are keen to stock up their own fat reserves
#Higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke in food desertthere is more to the cost of living in a food desert than higher prices for the few fruits
The study being discussed at 12:30 p m. Tuesday during the American Public health Association's annual meeting in Boston examined the health impact of developing a grocery store in a low-income urban neighborhood on the east side of Indianapolis.
because they are ones that are influenced by eating a healthy diet and being more physically active said Cynthia Stone clinical associate professor in the Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public health at IUPUI.
The neighborhood which has no full-service grocery store is on the east side of the Indiana State Fairgrounds bounded by 38th and 42nd streets and Fall Creek Parkway and Sherman Drive.
The nearest grocery stores are two to five miles away falling within the U s. Department of agriculture's federal designation of a food desert Stone said.
The federal agency defines a food desert as a census tract with a substantial share of residents who live in low-income areas that have low levels of access to a grocery store or healthy affordable food retail outlet.
The USDA's Economic Research Service estimates that 23.5 million people in the U s. live in food deserts in urban neighborhoods and rural towns without ready access to fresh healthy and affordable food.
and can lead to higher levels of obesity and other diet-related illness such as diabetes and heart disease.
Traveling to the closest grocery stores takes 30 to 45 minutes each way. Some residents had cars
or were able to arrange for a ride in a car to the grocery store. Stone said interviews were conducted with neighborhood association members
Residents were given a written survey with questions about food shopping including a question that asked how their food purchases might change
if their community had a grocery store. Researchers gathered data on the current health of the community looking at hospital
and look at the kinds of foods they provided Stone said. One of the stores sold fresh fruits and vegetables while another one had a basket with a few apples
Selections of healthier foods were limited and what was available was more expensive than at a grocery store.
The survey showed neighborhood residents would be very supportive of a grocery store in their neighborhood
and would change what foods they purchased if a grocery store were located nearby Stone said. Residents also indicted a need not only for a grocery store but for nutritional education about healthy food particularly for men who tended to purchase fewer healthy foods than women.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Indiana University. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
#The prevalence of colds and pneumonia in cows can be controlledrespiratory diseases in cattle are a great threat to animal welfare and lead to financial losses in the cattle industry.
The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the main causes of respiratory disease in cattle.
and grasslands tropical forests are cleared for pastures steppes become cropland. The reasons are complex the impacts are immense:
Patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) and other food sensitivities showed clinical laboratory and histological characteristics suggesting they may be suffering from a non-Ige-mediated food allergy according to the article Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity as an Allergic Condition:
Personal Experience and Narrative Review published online today in The American Journal of Gastroenterology. In this review lead author Antonio Carroccio M d. from the University of Palermo in Palermo Italy examines prior data regarding NCWS
the symptoms disappear on exclusion of wheat from the diet and reappear on wheat consumption.
Food allergies are divided typically into two areas: Ige mediated or non-Ige mediated. In Ige mediated food allergies people develop symptoms almost immediately after eating
and when blood and skin tests are carried out there is a positive marker. Non-Ige mediated food allergies including celiac disease primarily affect the GI mucosa (the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract)
and have delayed a onset of symptoms which can make it difficult to diagnosis. Dr. Carroccio and his colleagues reviewed data on 276 patients diagnosed with NCWS using a double-blind placebo-controlled wheat challenge.
The authors hypothesize that patients with NCWS may be suffering from non-Ige mediated food allergy.
and the basophil activation assay in food allergy as well as the histology findings in the food allergy diagnosis said Dr. Carroccio.
A change in diet with wheat withdrawal can also cause a change in the intestinal microbiota.
This is now considered a crucial element in IBS pathogenesis. Future studies in NCWS patients should consider the role of diet in the microbiota and in turn on the intestinal immune system Dr. Carroccio added.
Guy Bar-Oz of Haifa University Dr. Greger Larsen of Durham University Prof. Aren Maeir of Bar-Ilan University
and Dr. Liora Kolska Horwitz of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem contributed to the study.
It has a broad duck-like bill thick otter-like fur and webbed beaver-like feet.
The platypus lays eggs rather than gives birth to live young its snout is covered with electroreceptors that detect underwater prey
and returned to her family the other girl ducks were laying eggs so she did the same.
But instead of a fluffy little duckling emerging from her egg her child was an amazing chimera that had webbed the bill hind feet
and egg-laying habit of a duck along with the fur and front feet of a rodent--the first Platypus.
also prevents activation of mtorc1 a critical nutrient-sensing and growth-regulating cellular pathway. This is an unexpected finding as some cancers keep this pathway turned on to fuel their unchecked growth and expansion.
Cells use the mtorc1 (for mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) pathway to regulate growth in response to the availability of certain nutrients including amino acids.
--when nutrients are present the Rag proteins turn on the mtorc1 pathway. Now several members of the Sabatini lab including graduate student Zhi-Yang Tsun have determined that the FLCN protein acts as a trigger to activate the Rag protein switch.
A concerted international approach is needed to safeguard the food security of millions of people. The results of the study were published in the scientific journal Plant disease.
The banana is not just the world's favourite fruit--for many people it is a vital important source of food.
It is unclear how Panama disease spread from Southeast asia. Gert Kema argues that it is only a question of time before TR4 reaches Africa.
In Africa bananas are an important part of people's diet and the introduction and spread of Panama disease would threaten the food security of millions.
A concerted international approach is needed now to prevent the spread of Panama disease and in the worst-case scenario contain it Kema states.
Wageningen UR carried out this research together with the University of Florida the Jordanian National Centre for Agricultural Research and Extension and the University of Jordan.
Crafting a better enzyme cocktail to turn plants into fuel fasterscientists looking to create a potent blend of enzymes to transform materials like corn stalks
and aren't part of the food supply. It's possible to do this today but the process is costly laborious and lengthy.
Seventy years later T. reesei is a star in the world of biofuels because of its ability to churn out enzymes that chew through molecules like complex sugars.
The breakdown of large sugar polymers into smaller compounds that can then be converted further to fuel compounds is the final crucial step in the effort to make fuels from materials like switchgrass and corn stalks.
and to subject it to a cocktail of enzymes that would convert those plants to fuel said chemist Aaron Wright who led the PNNL team.
and improve upon the best ones to create a potent chemical cocktail a mix of enzymes that accomplishes the task super efficiently.
It's their job to break down complex sugars into simple sugars a key step in the fuel production process.
which convert the organic matter into nutrients says Mary Scholes who is a Professor in the School of Animal Plant and Environmental sciences at Wits University.
because humankind depends heavily on it for food production says Bob Scholes who is a systems ecologist at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.
Soil came to be viewed as little more than an inert supportive matrix to be flooded with a soup of nutrients.
This narrow approach led to an unprecedented increase in food production but also contributed to global warming and the pollution of aquifers rivers lakes and coastal ecosystems.
To achieve lasting food and environmental security we need an agricultural soil ecosystem that more closely approximates the close and efficient cycling in natural ecosystems
and has developed over the course of evolution at a very high rate. This is the finding of an international team of scientists under the direction of Dr. Martin Hasselmann of the Institute for Genetics of the University of Cologne.
Male honey bees (Apis mellifera) hatch from unfertilized eggs and females from fertilized ones. In these fertilized eggs the condition of the complementary sex determiner (csd) gene is of crucial significance for the creation of female workers.
The queen bee who in the course of their mating flight mate with different drones multiple times passes on to fertilized eggs a random combinations of two csd copies so-called alleles.
If these alleles are different enough they develop into a female. If the csd gene in contrast is present in the fertilized eggs in two identical versions diploid drones develop.
These are eaten however by worker bees after they hatch. Up until now it was assumed that there were up to 20 csd alleles.
#Chickens to benefit from biofuels bonanzachickens could be unexpected the beneficiaries of the growing biofuels industry feeding on proteins retrieved from the fermenters used to brew bioethanol thanks to research supported by the Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council (EPSRC.
It has long been known that the yeasty broth left over after bioethanol production is nutritious but it has taken a collaboration between Nottingham Trent University
and AB Agri the agricultural division of Associated British Foods to prove that Yeast Protein Concentrate (YPC) can be separated from the fibrous cereal matter.
The researchers have shown also that YPC may be a cost-competitive substitute for imported soya-based and similar high-value protein feeds currently used in the diets of chickens bred for meat production.
which showed that it can be digested readily by chickens. A paper outlining this research is published in this month's issue of the journal Food and Energy Security.
Project supervisor Dr Burton says the work is only just beginning: Bioethanol is already a 60-billion-litre per year global market
Currently the dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) generated as a co-product are sold to the cattle-feed market
One concern with bioethanol is the perception it will compete with food crops for limited farmland.
The new patented process separates DDGS into three fractions--fibre a watery syrup and YPC allowing global production of almost 3 million tonnes of supplementary high-quality protein per annum alongside current levels of bioethanol produced.
Every year 800 million chickens are reared for meat production in the UK and 48 billion worldwide.
and rising obesity rates have led to numerous ideas for policies such as taxes on junk food
or vouchers for fruits and vegetables aimed at getting people to eat a more healthful diet.
To better understand what influences food choices a group of Iowa State university researchers looked at how prices parents
However only parents seemed to affect their children's eating behaviors when it came to vegetables.
if it is more expensive than other foods. Making fruits and vegetables more affordable and available can positively impact eating behaviors of parents
and abuse researchers did not find a similarly strong impact on healthful food choices. The underlying mechanism of the influence may be by example.
and may be exposed more to the parent's food consumption than to food choices made by their best friend.
when they are at a fast food restaurant said Oleksandr Zhylyevskyy an assistant professor of economics. Reaching a critical target audienceresearchers analyzed data from more than 500 African-american families collected through the Family
Based on the FACHS data 65 percent of parents and 61 percent of youths reported eating whole fruit or drinking a glass of 100 percent fruit juice at least once a day.
The fact that their eating behaviors reflected their parents'stresses the importance of family meals.
I think that families do form eating habits and some of those habits are very good and healthy
and some of those eating habits are said not Cutrona. We know that a healthy diet has long-term effects on kids
and we should make it easy for families to get fresh fruits and vegetables. Impact of interventionfamily interactions can increase the effects of policy-related changes.
and the potential benefits of intervention programs researchers analyzed several hypothetical scenarios that illustrate how changing the food choices of one group might affect the other.
or coupons for produce would be an effective policy tool to influence the healthful eating choices of parents and youths.
Knowledge of how family and peer interactions and prices affect food consumption choices can help in designing effective policy interventions to facilitate healthy eating among vulnerable groups of young people Jensen said.
but when served as warm gooey pie filling or when lending bursts of sweet flavor to a muffin their super health benefits change.
Scientists studied how cooking and baking affect the increasingly popular fruit's polyphenols and reported their mixed findings--levels of some of these substances rose
while others fell--in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Ana Rodriguez-Mateos and colleagues note that eating blueberries is associated with several health perks including improved thinking reduced risk for heart disease and reduced inflammation.
Research suggests that a set of natural plant compounds called polyphenols lend the fresh fruit these benefits.
whether using blueberries in breads muffins or pies affects their polyphenol content. Rodriguez-Mateos'team sought to test the stability of these health-promoting compounds during cooking proofing
(when the dough rises before cooking) and baking. They found that all three processes had mixed effects on blueberries'polyphenols including anthocyanin procyanidin quercetin and phenolic acids.
Anthocyanin levels dropped by 10 to 21 percent. The levels of smaller procyanidin oligomers got a boost while those of the larger ones dipped.
Phenolic acid levels increased. Other compounds such as quercetin remained constant. They say that the good retention of polyphenols observed in their study might be due to the use of yeast
and primary settlers such as birch trees--and among species like locust and walnut that have moved in from warmer climate zones.
With shortened cold periods bud burst occurred significantly later. In contrast the lilac the hazel bush
Sea otters protect kelp forests by eating sea urchins. These are what ecologists call keystone species: critters that control an ecosystem and have a disproportionate impact on other species. And in the forests of New england
they break down organic matter releasing nutrients. But in a New england forest they're not so benign
Professor Martã n RÃ os states that asthma is caused an illness by several factors (genetic propensity environment food etc.
if more REDD+projects were to include community monitoring we would see a more just global effort to fight climate change that meaningfully incorporates insight from people who depend on forests for everything from their incomes to their food
and the fertilizer value of potassium chloridein the chemical age of agriculture that began in the 1960s potassium chloride (KCL) the common salt often referred to as potash is used widely as a major fertilizer in the Corn belt without regard to the huge soil reserves that were recognized once for their fundamental
Implications for soil fertility crop production and human health which was posted on October 10th by Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems.
which relied on legume rotations rock phosphate and limestone. There was no potash in that system. He realized that Midwest soils are well supplied with K
Khan and his colleagues pointed out that KCL fertilization has long been promoted as a prerequisite for high nutritional value for food and feed.
Low-calcium diets can also trigger human diseases such as osteoporosis rickets and colon cancer. Another major health concern arises from the chloride in KCL
This contaminates many common foods we eat--bread potatoes potato chips French fries--and some we drink such as beer.
which reduces the soil's capacity to store nutrients and water and also restricts rooting.
Much of the decline in monarch numbers has been blamed on the loss of milkweed the native plants on which monarch caterpillars feed.
and potentially the species'abundance is something that people can do at home by planting milkweed and other nectar plants.
Unfortunately many plants purchased by gardeners have been treated with systemic insecticides that can kill both pollinators that consume the nectar
but also that consumers might be interested more overall in buying nectar-producing plants or milkweeds if they knew a small percentage of sales will be donated to habitat conservation said Diffendorfer.
Other recent work has shown that Perã's gold mining has contributed to widespread mercury pollution affecting the entire food chain including the food ingested by people throughout the region.
#Making rubber from dandelion juicerubber can be extracted from the juice of the dandelion. Yet the decisive breakthrough to industrial manufacturing is proving to be a tough step.
In the October 28 2013 online issue of Global Change Biology Robert Warren assistant professor of biology at SUNY Buffalo State and co-author Mark A. Bradford assistant professor in the Yale School of Forestry
The above story is provided based on materials by SUNY Buffalo State. The original article was written by Mary Durlak.
and belongs to the order of Ericales where blueberries tea bushes and Brazil nuts are classified also.
One of the most remarkable findings of the study was uncovered when scientists observed a high percentage of similarities within the kiwifruit DNA.
They then compared kiwifruit to the genomes of other representative plant species including tomato rice grape and the mustard weed Arabidopsis.
Outside of agro-ecological systems many studies have indicated that even flowering plants considered as invasive may have positive effects on insects especially on nectar
and buffalo by killing the sick animals. The paper describes the results of a lure count analysis survey to estimate the density
The researchers used a buffalo calf distress call (broadcast via speakers mounted on a vehicle roof rack) to attract both medium
just add waterfrom a fish-eye view rice fields in California's Yolo Bypass provide an all-you-can-eat bug buffet for juvenile salmon seeking nourishment on their journey to the sea.
The food supply was so plentiful that salmon had high growth rates across habitats and management methods.
It's like a dehydrated food web said Jeffres of the harvested rice fields. Just add water.
Jeffres compared it to choosing among three good restaurants: Each offers good food with hearty portions
but one has better ambience and so is chosen above the others. In this case the better water flow was the ambience the fish preferred.
when we mimic natural flood processes in agricultural fields we give these fish a food-rich habitat they recognize
Reptile and arthropod venoms are complex chemical cocktails. Some venom components have evolved to mimic chemicals made by the human body such as endothelin-1
and potentially toxic food that existed for much of our evolutionary history said Galli. And so we're left with this residual type of reactivity that seems completely mysterious and pointless and harmful.
Though we need our food and energy crops their production has led to an increase in the levels of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in our water sources.
Increasing nutrient levels affects our rivers lakes and oceans. Single cell plants called phytoplankton feed off the increased nutrients
and in doing so start a cascade of events that leads to low oxygen levels in the water bodies.
This low oxygen condition is called hypoxia. The result is dying fish and a poor ecosystem called a dead zone.
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