or paternal through the addition of methyl groups while they are in the egg or sperm.
when the fruits in your favourite food tree are gone and you don't know which other tree has produced new fruit yet?
The results suggested that their monitoring was guided by a long-term what-where memory of the location of large potential food trees.
which of nearly 16000 potential food trees with different crown sizes were approached actually by the chimpanzees.
Still we were able to record important images that will allow us to better understand their distribution abundance and behavior and conserve these delightful bears into the future.
In addition WCS conserves the Andean bear across its range from Ecuador to Venezuela. WCS aims to develop local capacity to conserve the habitat of the species
Researchers have found no evidence that the virus can spread to humans or pose a threat to food safety.
wild buffalo a problemnew research shows that in Sub-saharan africa the virus responsible for foot and mouth disease (FMD) moves over relatively short distances and the African buffalo are important natural reservoirs for the infection.
The study published in mbio the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology sheds light on how the type of FMD virus called SAT 2 emerged in Sub-saharan africa
and identifies patterns of spread in countries where SAT 2 is endemic. The data suggest that the common ancestor of all SAT 2 was in African buffalo.
It's very clear that historically infections have moved from buffalo to cattle says corresponding author Matthew Hall of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.
Foot and mouth disease FMD) is devastating to livestock all over the world but it's a particular problem in Africa where wildlife that harbor the virus are thought to pass it on to their domesticated cousins.
Although most animals recover over the course of months some die of complications from the disease.
In wild buffalo the disease is very rarely symptomatic and animals can be infected persistently for a period of several years.
What's more African buffalo are an important maintenance host meaning they maintain a reservoir of the virus that can re-infect domesticated animals after time
and domesticated animals was African buffalo. To Hall these results indicate that genetic tracking of viruses has a lot of potential for making inferences about viral spread and heading off future outbreaks.
We showed that we can demonstrate virus movement using genetic data. It's a tool that can be used for that kind of inference.
That means it could take longer than previously thought to reduce nitrate contamination in groundwater including in aquifers that supply drinking water in North america
Canada and the U s. regulate the amount of nitrate allowed in drinking water. In the 1980s surveys by the U s. Environmental protection agency and the U s. Geological Survey showed that nitrate contamination had impacted probably more public and domestic water supply wells in the U s. than any other contaminant.
and neutralizing activity it could be developed as an HIV-prevention therapy given orally to infants prior to breastfeeding similar to the way oral rehydration salts are administered routinely to infants in developing regions.
water quality monitoring in these coastal valleys has shown that groundwater often exceeds Federal drinking water standards.
or conventional food is a multimillion dollar gamble within the food sector. A novel paper by Washington state University college of Business researchers will help advertisers more effectively target the fast-growing organic food market.
In a third study the researchers tested the effectiveness of various advertising treatments promoting a fictitious new brand of organic meat called Gold standard.
Even before pasteurization the milk bank samples were less likely to contain several types of bacteria
and the Food and Drug Administration recommends against sharing milk obtained in that way. Recipients are not able to determine for sure
For this reason some of the straw must be scattered left on the agricultural land to prevent nutrients from being extracted permanently from the soil.
In 2009 cucumber became the seventh plant to have published its genome sequence following the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana the poplar tree grapevine papaya and the crops rice and sorghum.
To understand the population bottlenecks during domestication researchers made a comparison analysis between vegetable and grain food crops.
and tomato) probably underwent narrower bottleneck events during domestication than the grain food crops (rice maize and soybean).
Enhancing expression of these genes resulted in vastly increased oil content in leaves the most abundant sources of plant biomass-a finding that could have important implications for increasing the energy content of plant-based foods and renewable biofuel feedstocks.
If you want to cut calories from your diet you cut fat and oils. Conversely if you want to increase the caloric output of your biofuel
or feed for livestock you want more oil said Xu. But plants don't normally store much oil in their leaves and other vegetative tissues.
In nature oil storage is the job of seeds where the energy-dense compounds provide nourishment for developing plant embryos.
which right now is one of the highest oil-yielding crops used for food and biodiesel production said Xu.
and the nutritional value of feed made from such energy-dense biomass would also be enhanced greatly.
or feed crops said Xu. And there are challenges in finding ways to extract oil from leaves
But our research provides a very promising path to improving the use of plants as a source of feed
and closely follow a Mediterranean-style diet high in vegetables vegetable oils fish and beans may increase their chance of becoming pregnant according to dietitians at Loyola University Health System (LUHS).
Establishing a healthy eating pattern and weight is a good first step for women who are looking to conceive said Brooke Schantz MS RD CSSD LDN LUHS.
Not only will a healthy diet and lifestyle potentially help with fertility but it also may influence fetal well-being
Schantz recommends the following additional nutrition tips for women who are looking to conceive: -Reduce intake of foods with trans and saturated fats
while increasing intake of monounsaturated fats such as avocados and olive oil-Lower intake of animal protein and add more vegetable protein to your diet-Add more fiber to your diet by consuming whole grains vegetables
and fruit-Incorporate more vegetarian sources of iron such as legumes tofu nuts seeds and whole grains-Consume high-fat dairy instead of low-fat dairy-Take a regular women's multivitaminapproximately 40 percent of infertility issues are attributed to men according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Among them is low sperm count and poor sperm motility which are common in overweight and obese men.
and consume a balanced diet because male obesity may affect fertility by altering testosterone and other hormone levels Schantz said.
and the Guiana Shield harbors around 390 billion individual trees including Brazil nut chocolate and aã§ai berry trees.
The authors note that a large number of hyperdominants--including Brazil nut chocolate rubber and aã§ai berry--have been used
and the U s. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently regards probiotics as food supplements not drugs.
The two strains of bifidobacteria used in the study were grown for UC Davis by a food-grade commercial facility to insure that the infants in the study would receive probiotics of known purity
and following the first probiotic course the one-week break and the second probiotic course.
Barley is the second most important cereal crop grown in the UK--used as animal fodder in human foods such as health foods soups
and stews and also in the drinks production industry. High quality malting barley underpins beer and whisky production and is worth around £20 billion to the UK economy.
However barley is susceptible to a number of diseases the most important of which is called leaf blotch
and is caused by a fungal pathogen. This disease affects the leaves ears and stems of the barley--decreasing grain quality and reducing crop yields by up to forty per cent.
And if this pathogen species can be spread from wild grasses onto barley crops and back again further investigation is needed to identify how widespread this species is and also the role that wild grasses play as sources of disease for other crops such as wheat.
Gardens are more important than ever as a source of food for a wide variety of insects who feed on the nectar
Nectar for example is basically sugar and water and so it is of value to British insects whether it is from a native garden plant or one from another part of the world.
Carbon dioxide is food for plants and putting more food out there stimulates them to'eat'more.
However just like humans eventually they get full and putting more food out doesn't stimulate more eating.
The researchers used the comprehensive Earth System Model (ESM2G) a climate-carbon cycle model developed by the National Oceanic
and pastures Shevliakova said. When you go from extensive agriculture to intensive agriculture you industrialize the production of food
so people now use fertilizers instead of chopping down more forests. A decrease in global deforestation combined with enhanced vegetation growth caused by the rapid increase in carbon dioxide changed the land from a carbon source into a carbon sink.
and Food security Center to bear on the project. A postdoctoral researcher at Sanchez's Center Lydiah Gatere recently rolled out the Soildoc product.
The ultimate goal is to significantly increase crop production and food security in Africa. Gatere will present Field Kit Soil Tests to Assess Acidity N P S and K Fertility in Kenyan Soils on Monday Nov 4 2013 at 2: 45 PM.
The theme of this year's conference is Water Food Energy & Innovation for a Sustainable World (www. acsmeetings. org.
#Maximizing broccolis cancer-fighting potentialspraying a plant hormone on broccoli--already one of the planet's most nutritious foods--boosts its cancer-fighting potential
which could help scientists build an even better more healthful broccoli in ACS'Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry.
John Juvik and colleagues explain that diet is one of the most important factors influencing a person's chances of developing cancer.
One of the most helpful food families includes cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli kale and cabbage. In fact eating broccoli regularly has been linked to lower rates of prostate colon breast lung and skin cancers.
In that super food glucosinolates (GSS) and the substances that are left when GSS are broken down can boost the levels of a broccoli enzyme that helps rid the body of carcinogens.
#Adding citrus fiber to meatballs improves nutritional quality, does not affect tastemany American diets fall short of meeting nutritional guidelines resulting in burgeoning obesity rates and health problems across the nation.
Statistics show that most Americans consume only half of the daily recommended amount of dietary fiber.
Now a research team at the University of Missouri is addressing the fiber deficit by including citrus fiber in ground beef
while retaining the quality and taste of the meat. Ayca Gedikoglu a doctoral student studying food science in the MU College of Agriculture Food and Natural resources and Andrew Clarke associate professor of food science recently completed the first test on a citrus
meatball recipe. The test consisted of three batches of meatballs with varying percentages of the meat substituted with citrus powder to see how much of the sweet and tangy powder could be added without adversely affecting the meatballs'texture and cooking characteristics.
The test used 1 percent 5 percent and 10 percent increments. Gedikoglu discovered that the citrus fiber increased the cooking yield of the meatball recipe
and that the texture and color of the meatballs remained acceptable when keeping fiber at the 1 or 5 percent levels.
A restaurant-sized serving of Gedikoglu's citrus meatballs containing 2 percent citrus powder contains approximately five grams of fiber.
Traditionally meatballs contain no fiber. The health benefits of dietary fiber mainly found in fruits vegetables
and whole grains include helping maintain a healthy weight preventing or relieving constipation and reducing the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
Soluble fiber found mainly in whole grains and some fruits is particularly beneficial for diabetics
Gedikoglu suggests citrus powder as a replacement for bread crumbs in meatball recipes. Citrus powder made from citrus peels can be purchased online at a relatively inexpensive price.
Based on her initial test Gedikoglu also thinks that adding citrus powder to some hamburger recipes would capitalize on the tangy citrus flavor.
Citrus fruits particularly their peels are rich with flavonoids a nutrient in plants that can help prevent diseases in humans such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
since the cocktail of contaminants that we're exposed to here in the Midwest differs from
#New micro water sensor can aid growerscrop growers wine grape and other fruit growers food processors and even concrete makers all benefit from water sensors for accurate steady and numerous moisture readings.
For example sophisticated vintners use precise irrigation to put regulated water stress on grapevines to create just the right grape composition for a premium cabernet or a chardonnay wine.
and Julio Gallo Winery and Welch's juice company have expressed already interest in the sensors.
Specifically she has managed to increase the amount of starch produced in the tobacco leaves by 700%and fermentable sugars by 500%.
%We believe that these genetically modified plants she explained could be a good alternative to food crops for producing biofuels
In the course of her research Ruth Sanz demonstrated the capacity of the thioredoxins f
We saw that the leaves of the genetically modified tobacco plants were releasing 500%more fermentable sugars.
With these sugars which could later be turned into bioethanol one could obtain up to 40 litres of bioethanol per tonne of fresh leaves--according to the theoretical calculation provided by the National Centre for Renewable Energies where the enzymatic test was conducted
The research is by Dr Diewertje Sluik Department of Epidemiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke Nuthetal Germany and colleagues.
Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) a cohort was formed of 6384 persons with diabetes and 258911 EPIC participants without known diabetes.
body-mass index waist/height ratio 26 food groups alcohol consumption leisure-time physical activity smoking.
Intake of fruit vegetables nuts seeds pasta poultry and vegetable oil was related to a lower mortality risk
and intake of butter and margarine was increased related to an mortality risk. While the strength of the association was different in those with diabetes
No differences between people with and without diabetes were detected for the other lifestyle factors including adiposity alcohol consumption physical activity and smoking.
It appears that the intake of some food groups is more beneficial (fruits legumes nuts seeds pasta poultry vegetable oil) or more detrimental (soft drinks butter margarine cake cookies) with respect to mortality risk
This may indicate that individuals with diabetes may benefit more from a healthy diet than people without diabetes.
However since the directions of association were generally the same recommendations for a healthy diet should be similar for people with or without diabetes.
Crucially if this inner speech is disturbed for instance during chewing gum or whispering another word the articulation of words cannot be trained
The commercials were real commercials for existing products that were however foreign to the German participants for instance the Skandinavian butter LURPAK and a body lotion from INNISFREE.
The other half of the participants only received a small sugar cube at the beginning of the session
The sugar cube however dissolved quickly in their mouth so that the mouth muscles were free to simulate the pronunciation of the brand names.
Those participants who had received only a sugar cube and could thus internally train the brands'articulation demonstrated that there was a clear advertising effect.
Participants who had eaten a sugar chose the advertised products more often: they were more likely to buy the advertised lotions
These findings confirm that badgers do play a large role in the spread of bovine TB.
#Healthier Diets Possible in Low-Income, Rural Communitiesin the United states children don't eat enough fruits vegetables and whole grains.
Instead their diets typically include excessive amounts of sugars and solid fats counter to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes.
A team of investigators implemented a two-year intervention study in low-income rural areas where a disproportionately higher risk of overweight
The results are published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. To evaluate students'diet quality at the beginning
Our primary objectives were to improve the diets physical activity levels and weight status of rural children based on the successful model developed by Tufts University researchers for the Shape up Somerville study says lead investigator Christina Economos Phd Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy
Tufts University Boston. The objective of our analysis was to examine changes in fruit vegetable legume whole-grain
of Nutrition Harvard School of Public health Boston. The team wanted to test its hypothesis that students exposed to the study would improve their diet quality due to healthier food environments.
Eight communities in rural California Kentucky Mississippi and South carolina participated in the study between 2007 and 2009.
Students in the intervention sample were given daily access to healthier school foods and weekly educational curriculum
#¢Ate similar amounts of fruits vegetables whole grains dairy potatoes/potato products saturated fats and sugars as students in control schools#¢Consumed significantly more legumesas a result of the intervention
food consumption of students in CHANGE schools was significantly different than students in the control schools with the following results:#¢
#¢Eating 0. 08 cups of vegetables per 1000 kcal more per day#¢Eating 0. 22 cups combined fruits
Dr. Cohen concludes The outcomes of the CHANGE study provide evidence that a multi-component intervention targeting low-income children living in rural communities in America can improve their diet quality.
The above story is provided based on materials by Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Mix of graphene nanoribbons, polymer has potential for cars, soda, beera discovery at Rice university aims to make vehicles that run on compressed natural gas more practical.
It might also prolong the shelf life of bottled beer and soda. The Rice lab of chemist James Tour has enhanced a polymer material to make it far more impermeable to pressurized gas
It could also find a market in food and beverage packaging. Tour and his colleagues at Rice
He said the material could help to solve longstanding problems in food packaging too. Remember when you were a kid you'd get a balloon
It took years for scientists to figure out how to make a plastic bottle for soda.
And even now bottled soda goes flat after a period of months. Beer has a bigger problem
and in some ways it's the reverse problem he said. Oxygen molecules get in through plastic and make the beer go bad.
Bottles that are effectively impermeable could lead to brew that stays fresh on the shelf for far longer Tour said.
Nitrogen that finds its way into natural ecosystems can disrupt the cycling of nutrients in soil promote algal overgrowth
When we apply fertilizer in the United states only about 10 percent of the nitrogen makes it into the food.
This nutrient-contaminated water would damage the delicate southern Everglades should it reach them. So much of the water that historically flowed south from Lake Okeechobee is diverted now to estuaries on Florida's east and west coasts.
Although a connection hasn't been made definitively heavy flows of nutrient-rich freshwater into the estuaries are suspected in die offs of eelgrass manatees and pelicans;
Plus by holding back some water in restored marshes or ponds in theory at least you'll also be holding back some of the nutrients Bohlen says.
#oethis means that not only should we be able to avoid the ugly bread and sticky crumbs produced by PHS wheat in future we should also end up with better beer.#
#oethe research opens up a whole new area of exploration for scientists as they try to increase the yields of wheat and decrease losses due to excessively humid conditions.
http://dx. plos. org/10.1371/journal. pone. 0077009the research was funded by the Natural sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC.
The technique might also apply to other kinds of failure mechanisms that affect metals such as plastic flow instability--akin to stretching a piece of taffy until it breaks.
The research published on Journal of Nutrition is the first to evaluate the total dietary polyphenol intake by using a nutritional biomarker and not only a food frequency questionnaire.
Research is signed by Cristina Andr s Lacueva Montserrat Rabassa and Mireia Urpã Sardã from the Department of Nutrition and Bromatology of the UB;
diet improves healthpolyphenols are naturally occurring compounds found largely in fruits vegetables coffee tea nuts legumes and cereals.
The research published on Journal of Nutrition is based on a 12-year follow-up of a population sample composed by 807 men
The group of the UB analysed the effect of polyphenol-rich diets by means of a nutritional biomarker--the total urinary polyphenol (TUP) concentration--as a proxy measure of intake.
New biomarkers for nutritional studiesprofessor Cristina Andr s Lacueva head of the Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group of the UB and coordinator of the study explains that the development
According to the expert this methodology makes a more reliable and accurate evaluation of the association between food intake and mortality or disease risk.
Raã l Zamora Ros first author of the study points out that results corroborate scientific evidence suggesting that people consuming diets rich in fruit
--if possible--food intake by using nutritional biomarkers not only food frequency questionnaires. The Biomarkers and Nutritional & Food Metabolomics Research Group which participates in the project Fun-C-Food (Consolider Ingenion) collaborates actively with several national and international research groups.
It focuses its activity on the analysis of new more effective and sensitive nutritional biomarkers based on the bioavailabilty of bioactive compounds in food and their activity in order to associate the intake of certain foods (consumption markers) with their potential
effects on people's health. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Universidad de Barcelona.
#New potential for nutrient-rich prairie fruitsresearchers working at the University of Saskatchewan have discovered new potential in prairie fruits in particular buffaloberry chokecherry
and that the potential food value is high. This is good news for fruit growers in Saskatchewan as these results add further credence to support the development of these fruits for commercial food markets.
There is increasing interest in the commercial development of these fruits since historically it has been thought they may provide nutritional
As ingredients these materials can be used to improve the food value of traditionally prepared foods and as supplements for nutrient-poor populations.
and further develop these nutritive-rich ingredients is being sought from the recently established (2010) Global Institute for Food security (GIFS) says co-author of the study Dr. Nicholas Low a Professor of Food Chemistry at the Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences University
GIFS is a public-private partnership that aims to address the growing global demands for safe and nutritious foods.
or reversing global deforestation may only be possible if agricultural yields rise and/or per capita food consumption declines over the next century according to historic global food consumption and land use trends.
agricultural yield per capita food consumption and world population change over time. Based on historic trends that show growing food consumption outpacing rising agricultural yields global forest cover is predicted to decline about 10%further stabilizing at roughly 22%forest cover over the next century.
Unless new technological advances increase yields or strategies to decrease food consumption are introduced a switch to global reforestation remains unlikely.
Under an alternative scenario where food production and consumption stabilize reforestation could increase global forest cover to about 35
%if it occurs within the next 70 years. Additionally researchers found that short-term trends in reforestation deforestation
#Agricultural phosphorus recoveryphosphorus is an elemental nutrient in agriculture. In response to the increasing demand for phosphorus in the food biofuels and biobased materials industries global consumption of phosphate has risen significantly
and will continue to increase. In 2008 approximately 1. 4 million tonnes of phosphorus were consumed for the production of synthetic phosphate fertilizer.
Moreover phosphate rock reserves are controlled nonrenewable and by only a few countries such as China Morocco Tunisia
and the U s a. As a result Europe is completely dependent on imports from these countries to cover phosphorus demand.
Besides nonrenewable reserves alternative phosphate resources include municipal wastewater and agricultural organic residues such as livestock manure or digestate from biogas plants.
In solid fractions organic phosphorus bound in biochemical molecules such as phospholipids nucleotides and nucleic acids offer a bountiful source of phosphorus. These agricultural residues represent a huge additional reservoir for phosphate recovery:
In the Phosfarm project this organic residual matter is to be made accessible as a valuable phosphate resource.
and realise a pilot plant that features a controlled enzymatic release of organically bound phosphate enabling up to 90 per cent recovery of total phosphorus. This novel strategy is to be carried out using phosphate hydrolysing enzymes immobilised onto suited carriers.
After separation of the solid fraction the released phosphate dissolved in the liquid fraction can be precipitated as magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate
which in turn are directly usable as high value fertilising salts. The remaining dewatered solid phase is dried with an energy efficient drying process operating with superheated steam instead of hot air.
Moreover according to the requirements of crop species and depending on the soil conditions the organic soil improvers can be mixed with the recovered mineral fertiliser salts to a suited nutrient composition with a defined N/P ratio.
With our mineral fertiliser salt and organic soil improver products synthetic phosphate fertilisers are saved and overfertilisation from the application of livestock manure on the agricultural fields is prevented.
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