Meanwhile intensification to single-crop fields from pasture with low stocking rates was associated not with development gains the research found.
The community with the most double cropping also has a soy processing plant that employs thousands of workers as well as complementary poultry
To understand how land use is associated with economic development Vanwey teamed with John Mustard professor of geological sciences at Brown and Stephanie Spera Mustard's graduate student.
Spera and Mustard used imaging from NASA's Terra satellite to track land use changes in Mato grosso from 2000 to 2011.
Spera and Mustard recorded images from 2000 to 2001 and again from 2010 to 2011 to see how usage had changed over the decade.
The research showed that intensification to single-crop fields from pasture had no effect on economic variables.
#Mushrooms can provide as much Vitamin d as supplementsresearchers from Boston University School of medicine (BUSM) have discovered that eating mushrooms containing Vitamin D2 can be as effective at increasing
and osteoporosis. The nutrient also plays an integral role in modulating the immune system to help fight infections like the flu
either from fortified orange juice a supplement or a pharmaceutical formulation were all capable of increasing total circulating 25 (OH) D concentrations for at least 3 months and up to 6 years added Holick the senior
According to the researchers these abstracts as well as the on line published study demonstrate that mushrooms are another good natural food source for Vitamin d that can easily be found in ones'local grocery store.
and without grapes (the control diet) on the heart liver kidneys and fat tissue in obesity-prone rats.
and integrated into the animals'diets for 90 days. Specifically the results showed that three months of a grape-enriched diet significantly reduced inflammatory markers throughout the body but most significantly in the liver and in abdominal fat tissue.
Consuming grapes also reduced liver kidney and abdominal fat weight compared with those consuming the control diet.
Additionally grape intake increased markers of antioxidant defense particularly in the liver and kidneys. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together--increased blood pressure a high blood sugar level excess body fat around the waist
or low HDL (the good cholesterol) and increased blood triglycerides--significantly increasing the risk for heart disease stroke and Type 2 diabetes.
and is on the rise in the U s. Our study suggests that a grape-enriched diet may play a critical role in protecting against metabolic syndrome
If you just change the diet a little the financial and environmental costs associated with it are quite different he explained.
First it is interlinked tightly with livestock production and the human food system. Second many people consider their pets to be part of the family so the food has to be culturally acceptable to the owner as well as good for the animal.
Finally pet food has to be affordable. As with human food dietary ingredient selection and nutrient composition affect the sustainability of the pet food system.
Protein is expensive both financially and environmentally so the choice of protein source and amount in the diet are particularly important.
There are thousands of widely varying pet foods on the market. Many are formulated to appeal to the owners who think their pets need extremely high levels of protein and other nutrients.
Often they contain human-grade ingredients thus competing directly with the human food system which will have feed to a human population that is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050.
This does need not to happen. Dogs and cats require specific nutrients not ingredients. It is possible to meet nutritional requirements using a wide variety of nutrient sources.
Previous research by Swanson showed that kittens fed vastly different protein: carbohydrate ratios all remained healthy.
Soy-based proteins are a common pet food ingredient and their production is estimated to be 6 to 20 times more efficient in terms of fossil fuel requirements.
Pet food manufacturers also make heavy use of the secondary products from the human food chain. That's great from a sustainability standpoint because we're using the products that would otherwise not be used said Swanson.
Nutritional sustainability is not just about minimizing environmental impact it also involves promoting pet health through appropriate nutrition and food quality and safety.
and nutrition and produce quality and safe pet food said Rebecca Carter research scientist at The Nutro Company.
and you're wasting all that food said Swanson. Especially with cats it's very difficult.
Cats do not self-regulate their food intake well and have decided a preference for protein and fat.
and this can have a major effect on the livelihoods of the rural poor who depend on the sale of chickens for a significant part of their disposable income.
#More evidence berries have health-promoting propertiesadding more color to your diet in the form of berries is encouraged by many nutrition experts.
Diets supplemented with blueberries and strawberries have also been shown to improve behavior and cognitive functions in stressed young rats.
To evaluate the protective effects of berries on brain function specifically the ability of the brain to clear toxic accumulation researchers from the Human Nutrition Research center on Aging at Tufts University
and University of Maryland Baltimore County recently fed rats a berry diet for 2 months
We saw significant benefits to diets with both of the berries and speculate it is due to the phytonutrients present.
Synchronizing fertilizer applications with periods of maximum nutrient uptake is critical to achieving the best fertilizer use efficiency.
and development two major aspects of plant nutrition are important to better determine which nutrients require the greatest attention:
the amount of a nutrient needed for production or total uptake and the amount of that nutrient that accumulates in the grain.
Study results indicated that high amounts of nitrogen (N) potassium (K) P and S are needed with applications made during key growth stages to maximize crop growth.
Moreover adequately accounting for nutrients with high harvest index values the proportion of total nutrient uptake present in corn grain) such as N P S
That finding was not surprising as researchers had expected that spouses would benefit from eating food produced in the garden and perhaps from helping out with the gardening activities.
and proximity to food shops and stores as well as economic status. The second group was same sex siblings who would be expected to share genetic predispositions for weight
and family influences on diet and exercise. The third group was married spouses of the gardeners
and food choices including food grown in the community garden. Gardeners were drawn from a pool of individuals active with Wasatch Community Gardens (WCG) a 20-year old nonprofit organization located in Salt lake city. WCG provides a network of urban gardens located throughout the local area
and benefits of the choices families make about eating and physical activity. Future research with controlled randomized field studies across a range of communities are needed to further advance our understanding of the role gardening can play in healthy lives.
and orient themselves to survive--to find food and shelter or avoid predators for example. Research conducted by Dr. Nachum Ulanovsky
#Experts examine Mediterranean diets health effects for older adultsaccording to a study published in the Journals of Gerontology Series A:
a moderate consumption of wine dairy products and poultry and a low consumption of red meat sweet beverages creams and pastries.
The five-year study looks at 7447 participants assigned to one of three intervention diets (two Mediets enriched with extra virgin olive oil or mixed nuts or a control low-fat diet.
They face several dangers including poaching for sport or sale of meat to exotic food markets in China.
This includes neighborhoods where females often are willing to explore for food for their fast-growing brood.
The Schmallenberg virus appears to be spread by midges. It causes a relatively mild illness in adult animals
The Department for Environment Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA) believes the disease was brought probably into the UK from infected midges blown across the Channel.
Key ingredient in mass extinctions could boost food, biofuel productionhydrogen sulfide the pungent stuff often referred to as sewer gas is a deadly substance implicated in several mass extinctions including one at the end of the Permian period 251 million years ago that wiped out more than three-quarters of all species
But in low doses hydrogen sulfide could greatly enhance plant growth leading to a sharp increase in global food supplies and plentiful stock for biofuel production new University of Washington research shows.
At one part per million it emits a telltale rotten-egg smell. Dooley used a concentration of 1 part per billion
and the general public are comfortable with the level of testing to make sure there are no unforeseen consequences of treating food crops with hydrogen sulfide.
A study by Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab researchers Brian Wansink David Just Andrew Hanks and Laura Smith decided to get to the bottom of why children were avoiding their fruit.
while the other three continued normal cafeteria operations to act as a control. Fruit slices were placed in cups in two of the three schools and on a tray in the third school.
With an initial investment of just $200 fruit slicers constitute a means for school cafeterias
but also to prevent food waste. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cornell Food
& Brand Lab. The original article was written by Joanna Ladzinski and Brooke Pearson. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The grains and beans were packed into a bag using rib fabric and these bags were cooked'using an autoclave (a machine that is suitable for pressure cooking) maintaining a temperature of 121°C for 15 minutes.
In terms of fabric the rib fabric which was used to make the bag is able to retain
#Turning algae into clean energy and fish food; helping Africans to irrigate cropscould algae that feast on wastewater produce clean biofuels and a healthful supply of fish food?
Can impoverished African community gardeners learn to use and maintain a simple centuries-old nonelectric water pump to grow more vegetables?
pollution control the limited supply of fossil fuels and production of healthy food. This team dubbed Algafuture is composed of undergraduates and graduate students from the departments of Geography and Environmental Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
while dining on these pollutants the plant-like organisms could then be used to produce renewable biofuels or food for fish farms.
and thwart the plans to produce biofuels and fish food. With an initial EPA grant the student team tested 20 species of algae.
whether fish food or biofuel production is the most economically viable use for algae grown in wastewater.
The other Johns Hopkins team aims to improve the irrigation of vegetable gardens that provide nutrition and income for families in remote rural communities in South africa.
In these areas women and children often spend hours each day hauling heavy containers of water from the local stream for drinking and to water crop-growing sites up to a half-mile away.
Potential food source derived from non-food plantsa team of Virginia Tech researchers has succeeded in transforming cellulose into starch a process that has the potential to provide a previously untapped nutrient source from plants not traditionally though of as food crops.
Starch is one of the most important components of the human diet and provides 20-40 percent of our daily caloric intake.
This new development opens the door to the potential that food could be created from any plant reducing the need for crops to be grown on valuable land that requires fertilizers pesticides and large amounts of water.
This discovery holds promise on many fronts beyond food systems. Besides serving as a food source the starch can be used in the manufacture of edible clear films for biodegradable food packaging Zhang said.
It can even serve as a high-density hydrogen storage carrier that could solve problems related to hydrogen storage and distribution.
The new approach takes cellulose from non-food plant material such as corn stover converts about 30%to amylose
Corn stover consists of the stem leaves and husk of the corn plant remaining after ears of corn are harvested.
which led to it becoming easy prey for hunters particularly with the arrival of European colonists in the area who would hunt Huemul for meat to feed their dogs.
#Drinking cup of beetroot juice daily may help lower blood pressurea cup of beetroot juice a day may help reduce your blood pressure according to a small study in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.
People with high blood pressure who drank about 8 ounces of beetroot juice experienced a decrease in blood pressure of about 10 Mm hg.
But the preliminary findings don't yet suggest that supplementing your diet with beetroot juice benefits your health researchers said.
Our hope is that increasing one's intake of vegetables with a high dietary nitrate content such as green leafy vegetables
The beetroot juice contained about 0. 2g of dietary nitrate levels one might find in a large bowl of lettuce or perhaps two beetroots.
The study participants drank 250 ml of beetroot juice or water containing a low amount of nitrate
Compared with the placebo group participants drinking beetroot juice had reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure--even after nitrite circulating in the blood had returned to their previous levels prior to drinking beetroot.
The effect was pronounced most three to six hours after drinking the juice but still present even 24 hours later.
Eating vegetables rich in dietary nitrate and other critical nutrients may be an accessible and inexpensive way to manage blood pressure Ahluwalia said.
In the U k. the general public is told that they should be eating five portions of fruit
The USDA recommends filling half your plate with fruits and vegetables and the American Heart Association recommends eating eight or more fruit and vegetable servings every day.
The American Heart Association has tips on adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet.
#Without adequate funding, deadly wheat disease could threaten global food suppliesdisease-resistant wheat developed over the past half century helped ensure steady world food supplies
but a global team led by researchers from the University of Minnesota warns in a new paper that without increased financial support for disease resistance research new strains of a deadly fungal disease could leave millions without affordable access to food.
It threatens food supplies for millions of people who depend on wheat and other small grains.
and sustain investments in rust-resistance research is tantamount to accepting an increase in the risk of yield losses on one of the world's food staples said Phil Pardey leader of the research team and a professor of applied
Eggs laid in the spring hatch into a first generation which we'll call Generation A. The immature bugs of Generation A normally feed on kudzu plants until they reach adulthood
These mature adults lay eggs that hatch into Generation B during the summer months. Generation B kudzu bugs can feed on soybean crops during both their immature and adult life stages causing significant crop damage.
That's the scientific term for'eating to excess for pleasure rather than hunger'Hoch said.
Among the reasons why people are attracted to these foods even on a full stomach was suspected to be the high ratio of fats and carbohydrates
In the study rats were offered one out of three test foods in addition to their standard chow pellets:
But the food intake sleep activity and motion areas also were stimulated significantly differently by eating the potato chips.
Since chips and other foods affect the reward center in the brain an explanation of why some people do not like snacks is that possibly the extent to
In some cases maybe the reward signal from the food is not strong enough to overrule the individual taste.
or nutrients to add to foods that will help block this attraction to snacks and sweets he said.
albeit rather unpopular foods like Brussels sprouts to affect the rewards center in the brain positively.
#Self-medication in animals much more widespread than believedit's been known for decades that animals such as chimpanzees seek out medicinal herbs to treat their diseases.
When we watch animals foraging for food in nature we now have to ask are they visiting the grocery store
Parasite-infected monarch butterflies protect their offspring against high levels of parasite growth by laying their eggs on anti-parasitic milkweed.
and butterflies can choose food for their offspring that minimizes the impacts of disease in the next generation Hunter said.
The authors also note that the study of animal medication will have direct relevance for human food production.
Their research which found some of the highest lead levels in baby food was among almost 12000 reports scheduled for the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.
since 1999#and rice is the staple food for 3 billion people worldwide he added.
The research was part of a symposium titled Food and Its Environment: What Is In What We Eat?
Because of the increase in rice imports into the United states Tongesayi said that rice from other nations has made its way into a wide variety of grocery stores large supermarket chains and restaurants as well as ethnic specialty markets and restaurants.
One out of every six Americans becomes ill from eating contaminated food each year with over a million illnesses caused by Salmonella bacteria according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The study is now online in the International Journal of Food Microbiology and will appear in the April issue.
Biofilms are an increasing problem in food processing plants serving as a potential source of contamination said Monica Ponder an assistant professor of Food Science and Technology in the College of Agriculture and Life sciences.
We have discovered that Salmonella in biofilms survive on dried foods much better than previously thought
Outbreaks of Salmonella associated with dried foods such as nuts cereals spices powdered milk and pet foods have been associated with over 900 illnesses in the last five years.
These foods were thought previously to be safe because the dry nature of the product stops microbial growth Most people expect to find Salmonella on raw meats
but don't consider that it can survive on fruits vegetables or dry products which are cooked not always said Ponder.
Biofilms allowed the Salmonella to survive the harsh acidic environment of the stomach increasing its chances of reaching the intestines where infection results in the symptoms associated with food poisoning.
This research may help shape Food and Drug Administration's regulations by highlighting the need for better sanitation
At the same time distribution fees are imposed for greater use providing an incentive to conserve water. Influencing policynew ideas have led to policy changes at many levels.
and people think of a new twist on The Local Dish the stew that's the quintessence of southern Louisiana cooking.
what the scientists call a Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (GUMBOS) and the nanogumbos materials--particles so small that 100000 could fit across the width of a human hair.
The organic salts used to make GUMBOS are not the familiar organic sea salt products sold for cooking and other uses.
Some organic salts are common but unseen players in everyday life. Potassium bitartrate for instance forms naturally as wine ferments trolamine salicylate is an ingredient in some sunscreens
and cosmetic skin creams and monosodium glutamate is used a food additive to enhance the flavor of some foods.
In recognition of his work on GUMBOS and on the development of many innovative methods over the course of his career Warner will receive the ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry sponsored by the Battelle Memorial Institute on April 9.
He also will present an award address a tutorial on the making and potential uses of GUMBOS.
New techniques to help halt the spread of diseasescientists have revealed a new technique to introduce disease-blocking bacteria into mosquitoes with promising results that may halt the spread of diseases such as dengue yellow fever and potentially malaria.
because it reduces the mosquitoes'ability to lay viable eggs. Now Professor Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne and Professor Michale Turelli from the University of California have shown that by introducing an insecticide resistance gene alongside the Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito that the insects pass on the disease-blocking bacteria to other mosquitoes faster.
The results are published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. This could mean that the spread of disease can be stopped faster
and trials with collaborators at Monash and James Cook Universities in 2011 showed that Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes were unable to spread the dengue virus.
#Chimpanzees use botanical skills to discover fruitfruit-eating animals are known to use their spatial memory to relocate fruit yet it is unclear how they manage to find fruit in the first place.
and an ability to categorize fruits into distinct species. Our results provide new insights into the variety of food-finding strategies employed by our close relatives the chimpanzees
in order to grow more forests the food that is no longer grown will likely instead be grown somewhere outside of Europe.
They can survive as long as a year without a blood meal. Current commercial prevention methods including freezing extreme heating vacuuming
Yak-a-mein soup, a k a.,#,#Old Sober One of the Crescent City's time-honored traditions--a steaming bowl of Yak-a-mein Soup a k a.
Old Sober--after a night of partying in The french Quarter actually does have a basis in scientific fact.
Alyson E. Mitchell Ph d. said foods like Yak-a-mein--also spelled Yakmein Yaka-mein
and other ingredients that help people recover from the effects of imprudent consumption of alcohol.
Although recipes vary Yak-a-mein typically is made with a salty beef-and-soy-sauce-based broth;
a carbohydrate source like noodles; protein from beef chicken or shrimp; onions or chopped scallions;
and sliced hard-boiled egg. Vendors often sell the soup from sidewalk carts during New orleans festivals and some restaurants have their own signature recipes.
Folklore has it that American soldiers from New orleans stationed in Korea in the 1950s learned to appreciate Yak-a-mein on the morning after
and brought a taste for it back home said Mitchell. She is with the University of California at Davis. It may be a good example of intuitive science--an effective remedy and with the scientific basis revealed only years later.
Mitchell spoke on the chemistry and physiology of the hangover at a symposium Chemistry of the Bar which connects with the ACS meeting's core theme The Chemistry of Energy and Food.
Hundreds of the 12000 reports on new advances in science scheduled for presentation at the meeting relate to that theme.
and the accompanying dehydration direct toxic effects of the body's breakdown of alcohol into acetaldehyde and toxic effects of substances called congeners that are present in darkly colored liquor like scotch and bourbon.
Drinkers can try to avoid a hangover or the more serious consequences of excessive drinking with these suggestions from Mitchell:
Mitchell emphasized however that the only sure way to prevent a hangover is to abstain from alcohol or drink responsibly in moderation.
#New evidence that natural substances in green coffee beans help control blood sugar levelsscientists today described evidence that natural substances extracted from unroasted coffee beans can help control the elevated blood sugar levels
which the pancreas does not produce enough of the insulin that enables the body to use sugar
which funded the research pointed out that coffee#due to its popularity as a beverage#is a major dietary source of these substances.
Large amounts of chlorogenic acids exist in green or unroasted coffee beans. However the high temperatures used to roast coffee beans to make them suitable for use in coffee breaks down much of the chlorogenic acids.
Thus the focus has been on using concentrated extracts of green coffee beans which contain higher amounts of chlorogenic acids.
In a previous study Vinson found that overweight or obese people who took such an extract lost about 10 percent of their body weight in 22 weeks.
They got a glucose tolerance test to see how their bodies responded to the sugar.
Jeffrey Brewer a doctoral student in the University of Cincinnati's Department of Geography will present his findings on April 11 at the Association of American Geographers'annual meeting in Los angeles. Brewer's research titled Hinterland Hydrology:
The site for Brewer's research which was occupied primarily during the Classic Period (AD 250-900) functioned as a rural architectural community on the periphery of the major ancient Maya site of La Milpa.
Brewer says this smaller remote settlement lacks the monumental architecture and population density typically associated with the major Maya sites
Brewer's discovery of artificial reservoirs--topographical depressions that were lined with clay to make a watertight basin--addressed how the Maya conserved water from the heavy rainfall from December to spring
They also controlled the vegetation directly around these reservoirs at this hinterland settlement says Brewer.
Without that system Brewer says the smaller more remote settlement would have been more dependent on the larger Maya sites that ran a larger water conservation system.
Brewer has conducted research at the site since 2006 including spending two years of intensive surveying
Brewer says he also wants to continue exploring the construction and management of these hinterland water systems and if possible gain a better understanding of
Brewer is presenting at a conference session that focuses on geospatial and geotechnical tools and methods that can be used to address questions of archaeological significance.
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