One-third of our greenhouse gas emissions come from agriculturethe global food system, from fertilizer manufacture to food storage and packaging, is responsible for up to one-third of all human-caused greenhouse-gas emissions, according to the latest figures from the Consultative Group on International Agricultural
Research (CGIAR), a partnership of 15 research centres around the world. In two reports published today1, 2, the CGIAR says that reducing agriculture s carbon footprint is central to limiting climate change.
"The food-related emissions and the impacts of climate change on agriculture and the food system will profoundly alter the way we grow
and produce food, says Sonja Vermeulen, a plant scientist at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and a co-author of one of the studies,
 Vermeulen and her colleagues examined for the first time the carbon emissions for all stages of the global food system.
2007 and 2008, the researchers found that agricultural production provides the lion s share of greenhouse-gas emissions from the food system,
releasing up to 12,000 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent a year up to 86%of all food-related anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions.
The researchers found that the whole food system released 9, 800-16,900 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent into the atmosphere in 2008, including indirect emissions from deforestation and land-use changes."
and transport contributes a large proportion of the food system s greenhouse-gas emissions, whereas in China, for example, fertilizer manufacture has the biggest role, the researchers found.
and distribute food, boosting the risk of food-borne illnesses and diarrhoeal diseases, they add."
"Food safety will in future be a crucial issue. This is a different take from the usual focus on crop yields
Bid to curb fried-food chemical goes coldthe rich, roasted aroma of coffee or the golden-brown colour of crispy French fries are enough to set most mouths watering.
But the high-temperature cooking that gives these foods their alluring taste, scent and texture also adds a sting:
flavour and taste in cooked foods. Subsequent epidemiological studies involving tens of thousands of people have looked for links between acrylamide and various forms of cancer in humans
And last month, a study8 showed that women who ate acrylamide-rich food during pregnancy tended to give birth to smaller babies.
Europe s legislators and food producers vowed to take action. Since 2005, the industry group Fooddrinkeurope has maintained a toolbox of tactics to help reduce acrylamide levels,
According to Beate Kettlitz, the group s director of food policy, 90%of large and medium-sized companies in Europe now select potato varieties with low levels of the sugars that can form acrylamide,
the authority released the most recent figures2 showing that acrylamide levels in finished food products hardly changed between 2007 and 2010.
But for crispbreads, the mean actually rose, from 232 to 249 â°Ã Â g â°kg Ë 1. Overall, 6-17%of the food categories tested exceeded indicative values
Figures for 2007-10 suggest that fried and baked foods in Europe often contain worryingly high levels of the probable carcinogen acrylamide.
The US Food and Drug Administration has collected not routinely data on acrylamide in food since 2006,
Nevertheless, the chemical will always be present in our food, says Margareta TÃ rnqvist from Stockholm University,
after criticism that the rules have contributed to rising food prices and concerns that biofuels may produce greater greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels (see Nature http://doi. org/bmssn7;
) The proposals retain a target that 10%of transport fuels should come from renewable sources by 2020 but set a 5%cap on food-based biofuels.
India GM concerns Prospects for growing genetically modified (GM) food crops in India receded further
so the obvious argument to make is that they were going after food, says Anemone. The team behind the identification of the fossils point out that flowering plants went through a period of major diversification just
For Van Eenennaam, a geneticist at the University of California, Davis, the scientifically unfounded assertions that transgenic foods are increased responsible for incidence of autism,
But the film reflects attitudes that have thwarted Van Eenennaam s research into the genetic modification of animals to reduce food costs
Inquiries By nature reveal that fewer than 0. 1%of research grants from the US Department of agriculture (USDA) have gone to work on GE food animals since 1999, in part because of a poor public image.
where advocates of GE animal research aired their frustrations with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
which has yet to issue a decision on any GE food animal submitted for approval (see Off the table).
A brief history of some of the genetically engineered food animals submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for review.
More than 20 GE food animals are in development in China, he says, including a fast-growing carp and cows that produce milk with reduced allergenic potential.
The Biotechnology and Biological sciences Research Council (BBSRC) supports work on GE food animals, including chickens engineered to be resistant to the bird-flu virus. A BBSRC spokesperson told Nature:"
In July 2011, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA) laid out a plan for bovine TB eradication in England.
Food Chem. Toxicol. http://doi. org/jgq; 2012) has been criticized roundly by the European Food safety Authority.
The company plans to file for regulatory approval with the US Food and Drug Administration.
Originally, engineered animals were produced with the aim of making food safer, healthier and more abundant.
Biofuels are falling from grace around the world as critics charge that devoting millions of hectares of agricultural land to fuel crops is driving up food prices
It's a fungus that is not, apparently, very picky about its food. It's just a really common fungus in the environment that mostly lives on dead and dying plant tissue,
but Ian Boyd, chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra) Â says that it is more likely that the spores arrived naturally.
Food and Rural affairs. We need to treat plant diseases as seriously as we do said animal diseases, Paterson this morning."
fights for females and food with a formidable horn. Thomas Martin, Jean-Philippe Sobczak & Hendrik Dietz, TU Munichentomologist J Â rgen Schmidl collects arboreal insects in San Lorenzo forest by fogging trees with biodegradable insecticides.
including the production of energy and food, that will guide public spending on research during 2013-16.
Scientists torn over Kenya's recent GM food banan article by Scidev. Net. Scientists fear that Kenya's recent banning of the import of genetically modified organisms (GMOS) may be a significant blow to progress on biotechnology research and development in the country.
In a statement to the press, the cabinet said there was a lack of sufficient information on the public health impact of such foods.
data and knowledge demonstrating that GMO foods are not a danger to public health, it added.
In the United kingdom, for example, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra) has commissioned field studies on the impact of the insecticides on bees.
US food safety On 4 january, the US Food and Drug Administration released the first of its long-awaited proposals for protecting food safety.
stance on food-borne illness. One of the two proposed regulations requires food makers to develop plans for preventing contamination;
the other sets safety standards for farms that grow produce, including, for example, permitted levels of microbes in irrigation water.
a seed that could be harvested for food but would not produce offspring. The controversial proposal raised concerns that it would make farmers dependent on industry for their livelihood.
and food safety groups are concerned about contamination of food crops with products from a new generation of crops engineered to produce chemicals or pharmaceuticals.
Conducted by an agency within the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA), it exposed 20 Â bumblebee colonies at three sites to crops grown from untreated,
interim head of the UN Food and Agriculture Organisations's Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases (EMPRES) in Rome.
On 29 march, the Food and Drug Administration approved canagliflozin (Invokana), which was developed by Johnson & johnson, headquartered in New brunswick, New jersey.
/wiozbm7-11 april Plenary talks about the sustainability of the world s food system feature at the American Chemical Society s Spring Meeting in New orleans,
is that the Mednyi foxes have no other options for food. Bering Island is bigger than Mednyi, with small mammals such lemmings and voles,
"We eat marine food too, she says.""Maybe they will stop and think,'what can we do to keep the oceans clean
it could be marketed as a niche food oil. Bussmann, who happens to have a bottle of P. huayllabambana oil in his office,
On 26 april, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closed a public consultation on its finding that the engineered fish pose no significant environmental concern.
Last week marked the end of the public s opportunity to weigh in on a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft assessment of the salmon.
Aquabountythe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been slow to approve a genetically modified (GM) salmon made by Aquabounty of Maynard, Massachusetts.
says Gregory Jaffe, director of biotechnology at the Center for Science in the Public interest, a consumer group in WASHINGTON DC that monitors the regulation of GM foods.
Aquabounty has had to demonstrate the food s safety, and gauge the environmental risk of the sterile fish escaping its tanks and successfully mating with wild salmon.
In March, several speciality grocery stores, including Whole Foods, an inter  national chain based in Austin,
Aquabounty s long struggle has discouraged other US companies from producing GM animals for food. Mark Walton, chief marketing officer at Recombinetics, an animal-biotechnology company in St paul, Minnesota, says that his company will focus initially on medical applications   using modified farm animals as disease models
for example rather than on livestock for food. Medical applications of GM technology do not stir consumer passions in the same way as GM foods,
and there is a regulatory precedent: in 2009, the FDA approved a goat that makes an anti-clotting drug in its milk.
Rickets is prevented easily by eating foods such as eggs and cheese, and by spending short amounts of time exposed to sunlight,
As protesters descended on the nation s capital last week, the chief scientific adviser of the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra),
a sign that Brazilian farmers and ranchers are producing more food on less land, says Nobre.
For example, without the ebb and flow of tides, the sea bulrush (Scirpus mariqueter), a native intertidal grass bearing fruit and stalks that are key food sources for many birds
12 18 july 2013biofuels brake Biofuels made from food crops are on course to be curbed in Europe after an 11 Â July vote by the environment committee in the European parliament.
Politicians moved to limit food-based fuels to 5. 5%of transport fuel by 2020,
and threaten their food supply. They worry about becoming dependent on the willingness of the international community to swiftly provide them with needed vaccines."
EU debates U-turn on biofuels policythe European union (EU) has spent the past 10 years nurturing a  15-billion (US$20-billion) industry that makes transport fuel from food crops such as soya beans
Yet for more than half a decade, scientists have warned that many food-based fuels might actually be boosting emissions relative to fossil fuels.
Now the EU could change course by setting a cap on the use of food-based biofuel,
so far, most of that fuel has come from food crops, helping to generate a thriving bio  fuels industry based mainly on biodiesel.
says David Laborde, a researcher at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in WASHINGTON DC,
In October 2012, the commission finally proposed that food-crop fuel quotas be capped at only 5%of transport fuel by 2020 half of the 10%renewables target effectively allowing existing facilities to continue recouping investment,
On 20 Â June, its energy committee voted to push the cap on food-crop fuels up slightly,
the committee proposed gradually increasing mandates for use of advanced biofuels not made from food crops."
and is pushing to incorporate land-use change numbers to distinguish between better and worse food-crop biofuels.
Lead author Hana Golding, a microbiologist at the US Food and Drug Administration in Bethesda, Maryland, agrees
when rising land prices, coupled with fears of food shortages and attractive government incentives, compelled them to set up camp in the arid Great American Desert,
joins a growing body of research that describes how changes in climate are affecting iconic foods.
Fruit-tree specialist Toshihiko Sugiura of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization in Tsukuba, Japan,
and preserve food are deemed often officially safe by experts with financial ties to the manufacturers,
The authors have called on the US Food and Drug Administration to bar the practice. See go. nature. com/jqccur and page 253 for more.
and the fact that it is produced widely as a staple food make it a good vehicle for delivering the antibody.
The predictive adaptive response (PAR) hypothesis posits that people who are deprived of food during prenatal development
in turn, is thought to make them better able to withstand food scarcity later in life, and it has been suggested that these traits would be passed on to their offspring.
obesity and diabetes among people who experience food scarcity early in life. It proposes that
if these individuals encounter plentiful food resources when they are older, they are more apt to store abdominal fat and gain weight, leading to a plethora of metabolic disorders.
such as low food or high population density around the time that you re developing, is essentially bad for your fitness,
the Food and Drug Administration and the National institutes of health (NIH) announced on 19 september. More than $273 Â million may be invested over the next five years to help the programme to develop
In October, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to issue a rule that affirms it has the authority to regulate e-cigarettes,
Rising food demand is increased driving fertilizer use, and the problem is expected to get worse: nitrous oxide emissions will be 50%higher in 2020 than in 1990, according to the US Environmental protection agency."
says Henry Janzen, a soil biochemist at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Lethbridge, and co-author of the chapter about agriculture in a 2007 report on climate mitigation by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."
"It s a massive undertaking to reduce these emissions while making more food. The solution, says Michael Peters,
Food-borne illnesses are not always home-grownscottish cows have a bum rap. For decades, the local cattle have been prime suspects behind the country s outbreaks of drug-resistant,
food-borne illnesses. But research now suggests that humans and imported foods are the real culprits.
A team of researchers compared the genome sequences of nearly 400 samples of diarrhoea-causing Salmonella enterica collected from people and livestock in Scotland.
and in imported food probably entered the country and infected animals and humans separately, then continued to evolve
whether imported food is a source of new pathogens. Both Woolhouse and the authors call for Scotland
and other countries to boost the monitoring of their food supply. Lance Price, a genomic epidemiologist at the George washington University in WASHINGTON DC, says that it is not surprising that Scottish cattle are not the source of Scottish outbreaks,
might help to halve the amount of fertilizer needed to bring food self-sufficiency to Sub-saharan africa, according to proponents.
Widespread use of chemical fertilizer has increased greatly food sufficiency in many countries, for example in China and India,
"We do need to increase food productivity in a sustainable way, says Ronald  Vargas, a soils and land management officer at the FAO in Rome."
the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology today fulfilled its threat to retract a controversial paper claiming that a genetically modified (GM) maize causes serious disease in rats,
Food and Chemical Toxicology asked me to become an associate editor in January 2013 because of my extensive experience in the area,
California, received a green light from the US Food and Drug Administration on 14 Â November.
) Breakthrough drug The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved on 13 Â November a breakthrough therapy to treat a rare blood cancer called mantle-cell lymphoma.
But at the end of November he is scheduled to move to Australia to take charge of food, health and life sciences at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia.
the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed eliminating most artificial trans-fats forms of fat associated with increased heart risk from processed foods.
Label loss Voters in Washington state on 5 Â November rejected a ballot initiative to require labelling of genetically modified (GM) foods.
or limit GM foods; California voters defeated a similar proposition last year. No state currently requires labelling of all GM foods,
although Alaska has mandated labels for GM fish if they go on sale. Ivory crush The US Fish
or an area the size of Poland and is more than three times the area estimated in 2009 by the United nations Food and Agricultural organization mainly on the basis of land-use observations from space.
it would help to satisfy the rising global demand for cereals for food and animal feed projected to reach 3 billion tonnes by 2050.
The trend is encouraging for food production, Schierhorn says but a full reversal may not be given desirable the trade-offs.
Most of the bananas important for the food supply are grown by smallholder farmers in low-income countries and consumed locally.
Food fuelled with fungiwith the planet s population booming and climate change threatening traditional breadbasket regions,
researchers are seeking ways to squeeze more food from the land. Some are taking a sideways approach:
Now some researchers are applying similar philosophies to food crops. The approach bucks a trend of sterilizing
Those findings led him to look for other endophytes optimized to tackle the problems likely to be caused to particular food crops by climate change (R.  S.  Redman et  al.
Bioensure has been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration and the Department of agriculture and independent tests have shown the mixture to be nontoxic.
cancelling out decreases elsewhere, according to a comprehensive study of global food consumption. The work, published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences1,
which make their own food, at trophic level 1. Rabbits, which eat plants, occupy level 2. Foxes,
The researchers calculated the human trophic level for 176 countries for each year from 1961 to 2009 using a data on 102 types of food from animal fat to yams compiled by the Food and agriculture organization (FAO) of the United nations. Ref. 1globally,
An organism s trophic level is calculated by summing the trophic levels of the foods in its diet and the proportion in
or animal-based foods, says Kastner. But changes were not uniform across the globe. Countries such as China and India, where hundreds of millions of people have lifted themselves out of poverty
the environmental impact of producing meat in terms of everything from carbon emissions to water use is typically many times larger than that of producing vegetable foods.
ACT is running the only trials approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to test therapies involving embryonic stem cells.
including issues of food and water security, and climate change. 3 february The World health organization releases its Third world Cancer Report, six years after its previous publication.
saying that the government has estimated under  the threat that climate change poses to the bears food supply,
reducing another important food source for the bears.""We have unprecedented an situation with deteriorating foods,
and an ecosystem that is unravelling, says Louisa Willcox, the Northern Rockies representative at the Center for Biological Diversity in Livingston, Montana.
Ranking choices consistently for example, in selecting food sources would seem to be one aspect of such rationality.
The researchers find that, for some particular choices of the nutritional values of food sources A b and C,
or vanishing in the future, an optimal choice for pairs of foods can prefer B to A c to B
who has observed violations of IIA in the food choices of a slime mould4, points out that some examples of seemingly irrational behaviour in foraging decisions are understood already to result from the animals rarely having all their options available at once."
New drug approvals The US Food and Drug Administration approved 27 Â new drugs in 2013, down from a 15-year high of 39 Â drugs the year before,
says a study from the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington  DC. The report, published on 12 february (see go. nature. com/annqmt),
assessed technologies that could most benefit food production in the global south. Increased funding for agricultural research also came high on the list of recommendations.
is a medical procedure that does not require regulation by the Food and Drug Administration. The court decided that processing the cells for use in the therapy made the end product a drug.
Although there is no food to be harvested on Himalayan peaks, the bees'adaptable flight might help them to escape predators elsewhere,
GM CROPS detected Small amounts of genetically modified (GM CROPS are increasingly being detected in traded food and feed
says the Rome-based United nations Food and Agricultural organization (FAO. In the first survey of its kind, published on 13 Â March,
and can contribute to increased food prices because the maize must be grown on land that would otherwise be used for food.
Tapping the storehouse of biomass left after the harvest is much less controversial. Ethanol made from corn stover produces at least 60%less greenhouse-gas emissions than petrol,
a Food and Drug Administration advisory panel examined the science behind the technologies on 25-26 Â February.
Investigators found no evidence in any of the wolves of contributing factors to the attack such as rabies disease defense of food or habituation to human food.
and food scarce they are preditors and they will attack. Mr. Nosowitzalthough I have not read any of your previous articles I can only assume that you are not actually a journalist.
I have seen wolves begging for food in campgrounds and chasing people on bicycles. I have sat also with a rancher
There's also tons of food for the panda to eat! My Response: Sure it's ok to include something poor in your diet.
and a number of other foods but it can not get them in the quantities needed to survive.)
or more bamboo species or its food will disappear and it will starve. Conclusion: The pandas current diet has trapped fundamentally the panda.
and getting them all of the bamboo they want for now they still have the ability to go back to a wider diet of more widely available food.
This would let them find better sources of food and adapt to more changes in their local environment.
Too many pandas too soon would mean a huge population crash as they fight for food.
It is considered a luxury food and sell for 1000's of US dollars despite BEING ENDANGERED CRITICALLY.
It is considered a luxury food and sell for 1000's of US dollars despite BEING ENDANGERED CRITICALLY.
and having a drink you could be told you are polluting the world with you food contained in plastic.
and an increase in extreme events has put the state's ability to grow food at risk.
Now NASA and other researchers are developing a different kind of space food space-grown vegetables
The excerpts from American astronaut Don Pettit's writings about a zucchini plant he brought to space not for food but just for fun.
and they can in turn save our food. CBC News w
#Here's your latest global warming update: It's still happening. Intense heat is now four times more likely to strike in the U s. than it was in preindustrial times according to a new study from Stanford university researchers.
People can harbor their own resistant bacteria get infected with resistant bacteria from another person or encounter resistant bacteria from unhygienic processes in food production.
When you drop food in you immediately see bubbles; that is the water in the food boiling off.
Put too much moisture in by lowering in a frozen turkey and the vaporization of the water throws oil droplets into the air. a few of the droplets hit the burner under the pot
but the best way to cook it is in the oven for 20 mins a pound at 325 degrees Celsius@Lookitmeagain you are right searing meat isn't searing in the juices as the food network would like you to believe (enter conspiracy of making us eat more carcinogens) J/kthe
Reading the october 24th blog about the quail-hollow-farm-dinner one would really think there could be a bad-food-conspiracy.@
or fried food tastes best but the issue was 'What keeps the juices in'.'Bad food (nowadays) meant usually Hienergy food
and this kept us alive during an Iceage or other food deprived periods <i>-and therefore imprinting the urge to eat grease in our genes
-<i>.Here's a thought. How about follow the directions and deep fry your turkey safely?@
which is NOT food safe. I am a chemistry physics and math teacher at a private school and
Many of you are surprisingly quite ignorant of food science. Fried meat tastes much better due to Maiilard reactions.
Get Harold Mcgee's book On Food And Cooking ISBN 0684800012 and read up on various topics about myoglobin denaturation and meat doneness frying turkey etc..
don't boil it cover food with cold water or beer and let it come to a slow boil. then take out
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011