The study was published in the journal Animal Behavior early online edition Dec. 2013. Scientists equipped agoutis common rainforest rodents and ocelots their feline predators with radio collars
Camera traps placed across the island photographed all animals that passed in front of the lens and recorded the time.
Radio signals produced by an animal's transmitter collar were picked simultaneously up by radio towers around the island.
Researchers could watch the animals'activity online. When an animal stopped moving scientists saw a flat line much like the electrocardiogram of a heart-attack victim on their screens.
When agoutis died researchers quickly arrived on the scene to determine the cause of death.
We knew that hungry animals tend to take more risks said Jansen. But this is the first study to so thoroughly document the behavior of both predator and prey.
and the impacts of farm animals on environments vary dramatically depending on the animal the type of food it provides the kind of feed it consumes
and the International Institute for Applied Systems analysis (IIASA) shows that animals in many parts of the developing world require far more food to produce a kilo of protein than animals in wealthy countries.
and beef and greenhouse gas emissions vary widely depending on the animal involved and the quality of its diet.
so that the debate over the role of livestock in our diets and our environments and the search for solutions to the challenges they present can be informed by the vastly different ways people around the world raise animals said Herrero.
They modelled only the emissions linked directly to animals--the gases released through their digestion and manure production.
Meat v. dairy grazing animals v. poultry and porkthe study shows that ruminant animals (cows sheep
or where the animals are raised. Globally pork produced 24 kilos of carbon per kilo of edible protein
which provide high-quality balanced concentrate diets for animals of high genetic potential. But these systems also pose significant public health risks (with the transmission of zoonotic diseases from these animals to people)
and environmental risks notably greenhouse gases produced by the energy and transport services needed for industrial livestock production
Feed quality in the developing worldthe study shows that the quality of an animal's diet makes a major difference in both feed efficiency and emission intensity.
In arid regions of Sub-saharan africa for example where the fodder available to grazing animals is of much lower quality than that in many other regions a cow can consume up to ten times more feed--mainly in the form of rangeland grasses--to produce a kilo of protein than a cow
For example the low livestock feed efficiencies and high greenhouse gas emission intensities in Sub-saharan africa are determined largely by the fact that most animals in this region continue to subsist largely on vegetation inedible by humans especially by grazing on marginal lands
& Sciences at Washington University in St louis. Our data suggest that cats were attracted to ancient farming villages by small animals such as rodents that were living on the grain that the farmers grew ate
Carbon and nitrogen isotopes show that cats were preying on animals that lived on farmed millet probably rodents.
Another ate fewer animals and more millet than expected suggesting that it scavenged human food
Biological parameter were documented for each animal hunted in October. Since the Alpine ibex is protected a highly species it is particularly important to strictly control
More than 20.000 animals were harvested since the revival of the ibex hunt in Grison where professional gamekeepers consequently measure
The resulting record offers exceptional insight into the relationship between large-scale climate conditions local trophic interactions and the animals'overall performance states Ulf BÃ ntgen head of this study.
Speaking about Flukeless Dr O'Riordan said The World organization for Animal health (OIE) estimates that approximately 20%of animal production is lost due to unhealthy animals.
There have been recent studies demonstrating that even healthy dairy animals in good facilities carry some of these organisms on their udders
and fauna but a less uniformly negative one than is assumed often. The book describes the changing ways in which various wild plants
and animals were regarded controlled and exploited by England's human inhabitants and explains how the environments in
and species that depend on forest-dependent animals for seed dispersal. If left undisturbed secondary forests may regain levels of tree diversity similar to those of mature forests
This fossil horse was among the diverse array of animals that lived in the same areas as the ancient human ancestor Ardipithecus ramidus commonly called Ardi.
Among the many fossils we found are the two ends of the foreleg bone--the canon--brilliant white
which remain at the National Museum of Ethiopia in Addis ababa Ethiopia showed this was a significantly different animal than the horses more than 5 million years old and those 3 5 million years old and younger.
when men successfully hunt an animal and remain high as they return home with meat.
if the hunters bag an exceptionally large animal that could potentially be shared among multiple families
This gives animals ample escape routes and allows fire-resistant plants to regrow he said. The study also found that fire originated by the Xavante Indians is managed well and contained.
Octocorals used to be a common part of seafloor fauna in the Gulf of Maine. However based on past accounts of where corals had been had found it appeared that a century of fishing with bottom contact gear had reduced their distribution to just a small habitable area.
The coral gardens were defined as areas where octocorals were among the dominant fauna and occurred at densities higher than surrounding patches.
#Serengetis animals under pressuretanzania has one of the fastest growing human populations in the world
. But even 80 kilometers (49 miles) away from the border there are conflicts between humans and animals her research shows.
and spears while their animals are out grazing. The building of livestock enclosures or bandas to protect livestock at night
and the animals that are the most destructive. Olive baboons vervets and other primates are the main culprits.
The next most damaging animals are elephants. Elephants are only a problem close to the park says Mwakatobe.
Diseases from wild animals can also spread to domesticated animals. Disease and loss of livestock due to them is a bigger problem in the villages closest to the national park. Illegal bushmeat markets
For this reason villagers kill wild animals illegally. This is especially common when the huge migrations of more than two million animals pass through the villages.
The largest migration is of wildebeests but zebras antelopes and other animals may also pass through villages on their way to elsewhere.
It can be very hard to taste the difference between dried meat from different species. One animal in particular the topi a kind of antelope is supposed to taste about the same as normal beef.
People close to the national park are best at identifying the different types of bushmeat but this is by no means a safe method for identifying a species. Chickens
and other animals and should also be trained in aquaculture so that the need for bushmeat goes down.
The fact that this bacterium is found in cattle means that these animals can be a reservoir for human tuberculosis
and M. bovis occurs between humans and animals in this region. Finds of similar genotypes of M. tuberculosis in humans
and cattle and of M. bovis in humans cattle and Kafue lechwe in Namwala indicate that the same tuberculosis bacteria are circulating between humans and animals.
The consequences for the native fauna and flora are however difficult to assess. The European bumblebee could disrupt the ecological balance of southern South america to a major degree.
and up to the top is much slower in cold-blooded salmon than in warm-blooded animals. The renewal of intestinal cells only takes a few days in mammals
This differs significantly from studies of the fossils of animals that have become extinct. When you talk about paleontology to people the first thing they think of is said dinosaurs he.
Dinosaurs are really exciting wonderful animals. But for the most part they're extinct. With insects and other arthropods like spiders and scorpions they're around still.
The primary predator of the lemurs is a catlike carnivorous mammal called a fossa native only to Madagascar that is closely related to the mongoose
Bonobos are probably the least understood great ape in Africa so this paper is pivotal in increasing our knowledge and understanding of this beautiful and charismatic animal.
and large carnivores such as cheetahs or leopards helping to reduce unwarranted killing of endangered species in South africa.
whilst increasing the tolerance of predators from the farmers thereby reducing the chance of using lethal control on threatened carnivores.'
'Retaliatory killing by farmers is a major threat to the survival of many large carnivore species. This study shows that livestock deaths can be avoided through the deployment of highly trained dogs and
I am sure that there are many similar situations around the world where such dogs could make quite a difference to the survival chances of large carnivores.'
cats dogs or other animals; insect bites or stings; foods; and medications. Of the 79300 VITAL participants who filled out the questionnaires more than 66000 individuals were selected after eliminating those who had a prior history of malignancies other than non-melanoma skin cancers and missing information on baseline cancer history.
There was also an increased risk of plasma-cell neoplasms for participants who reported a history of allergies to cats dogs or other animals.
because it provides new insights into how animals can quickly switch between very different life styles that are adapted to different environments.
Our research shows how animals that undergo a profound transformation in their life style also adapt their learning
Similar nerve cell studies have been done in animals but they are imperfect representatives of human thought and behavior and without direct human feedback neuroscientists have had to make assumptions when interpreting animal responses.
and technology could be modified to produce vaccines against other diseases of animals and humans. In fact the technology can be modified further to produce test kits for various diseases he said.
therefore have far-reaching consequences for the success and persistence of the butterfly fauna. A research team from Sweden and Germany have reviewed now effects of land management on butterfly diversity using historical and current surveys during the last 100 years.
In some areas half of the butterfly fauna has been lost during the last 60-100 years.
and land use are problematic for the butterfly fauna relatively minor adjustments to land management have a potential of drastically counteracting these effects.
and herbivores as well as why some species reach epidemic prevalence and abundance. Researchers also examined the difficulties of maintaining tree health
and small-to medium-size insect herbivores that--by causing tree damage and death--disrupt the ecosystem services provided by trees.
*An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air water and mineral soil) interacting as a system.
Melesse's doctoral project identified five different serotypes of the FMD virus taken from several different host animals in Ethiopia.
Prevalence of the FMD virus is related to the way the animals are kept and to the extent livestock is in contact with wild animals.
Research on lumpy skin disease and African horse sickness shows that outbreaks of these diseases occur at the end of the rainy season (in November and December.
For the current study in Science the researchers studied 10 ancient wolflike animals and eight doglike animals mostly from Europe.
These animals were all more than 1000 years old most were thousands of years old and two were more than 30000 years old.
The biologists studied the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA of the animals which is abundant in ancient remains. Mitochondria are tiny sub-cellular structures with their own small genome.
and the only large carnivore humans ever domesticated Wayne said. This always seemed odd to me.
But if domestication occurred in association with hunter-gatherers one can imagine wolves first taking advantage of the carcasses that humans left behind--a natural role for any large carnivore--and then over time moving more closely into the human niche
We usually think of animals'chemical signals (called pheromones) as communication systems that convey only very simple sorts of information said Christina Grozinger professor of entomology and director of the Center for Pollinator Research Penn State.
and plant diversity--that then leads to more diverse animal habitat--offering the UW a variety of sites to monitor.
The team also found they could reduce the negative effects of these lipids in mice by feeding the animals a new genetically engineered tomato being developed at UCLA that is designed to mimic HDL (good) cholesterol.
Breeding resistant animals is one important research area. We know that individuals respond differently to infection.
and whether this has an influence on the growth in lambs says Grã¸va. She emphasizes that having robust animals with good immune systems is a prerequisite for sheep husbandry in tick areas.
As a result of TBF animals may become seriously ill from diseases they usually cope with. Bioforsk is therefore conducting field trials where the aim is to reduce tick populations in sheep grazing areas by using a tick pathogenic fungus called Metarhizium.
and germinate on the skin (cuticle) of the tick and then penetrate it before entering the tick body.
Included on the EU's positive listbipesco 5 with the active ingredient Metarhizium has been tested for toxicity in relation to animals
which the researchers say is explained best to be the results of long-term human management of the animal.
Ancient DNA from the jaw revealed that the animal did not belong to the same cattle lineages that were domesticated in the Near east and South Asia.
Just because someone is allergic to cow's milk doesn't mean they are allergic to milk from all other animals said Dr. Bahna.
when Keuroghlian and her team were conducting surveys of white-lipped peccaries herd-forming pig-like animals that travel long distances
and the foraging trails of peccary herds the team encountered a series of prominent sandstone formations with caves containing drawings of animals and geometric figures.
The drawings depict an assemblage of animals including armadillos deer large cats birds and reptiles as well as humanlike figures and geometric symbols.
The vascular wall of these animals shows an impaired response to vasorelaxation or vasoconstriction which affects blood flow and blood pressure regulation.
This means forest animals cannot move seeds between the two forests.##Phil Martin added#oewe suggest that
and avoiding starvation'said Damien Farine'It's a good example of how animals alter their behaviour to respond to constantly changing environmental conditions.
if at least one animal aged between 150-365 days was shown to have antibodies against the virus The young age of the animals tested would indicate that they probably were infected quite recently i e. during the course of the last year.
animal and plant communities change ecosystem functions disappear carbon emissions contribute to climate change. Whatever happens regionally has global consequences.
But more images of this animal have been captured than ever before together with evidence of four other wild cat species in a heavily logged area of forest where they were expected not to thrive.
All five cat species mentioned are charismatic and important components of the forest ecosystems and predators of a wide range of other animals.
Conservationists used to assume that very few wild animals can live in logged forest but we now know this land can be home for many endangered species. Our study today shows solid evidence that even large carnivores such as these magnificent bay cats can survive in commercially logged forests Dr Ewers added.
ZSL and Imperial College London conservationists will continue to study the effects of logging on wildlife populations looking more broadly than just the highly charismatic cats towards other mammal species both large and small.
and the shape between European and Near Eastern pigs the researchers had to use DNA testing to identify the origins of the animals.
This case represents the first record of conifer-feeding behavior in this family as well as the first specialist herbivore in the genus. Meanwhile the background match between Picea leaves
nonnative animals and plants carried by people into new locations that take hold disrupting and reshaping local ecosystems.
Miners also hunt wild game depleting the rainforest fauna around mining areas and disrupting the ecological balance for centuries to come.
The region's incredible flora and fauna is being lost to gold fever. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Carnegie Institution.
and butterfly migrations seed-setting by plants and the emergence of animals--including ants--from winter dormancy.
and buffalo by killing the sick animals. The paper describes the results of a lure count analysis survey to estimate the density
and large carnivores to the call stations as a means of calculating a current population estimate for the study locations.
Using the data of animals observed the analysis generated an estimated lion population of 408 animals in the three main strongholds for lions in Uganda nearly two hundred fewer lions than estimates made in 2000-2002 (a statistical
The most recent estimate of Africa's total lion population is approximately 32000 animals. A group study led by WCS estimated that 42 percent of major lion populations are in decline.
if the animal encountered a whole nest of bees or in the event of a snakebite said Stephen Galli MD professor and chair of pathology and the co-senior author of the study.
The bees apparently recognize one another by means of distinctive hydrocarbons in their cuticles or exoskeleton.
For a long time people claimed that animals contrary to humans cannot remember the past. This study helps us to understand why chimpanzees
so that different angles of the same animal can be photographed. This allowed images from one camera to take images of the marauding bears
Andean bears are very curious animals says Dr. Lilian Painter WCS's Bolivia Country Director.
Foundation the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo and Cleveland Zoological Society the Andean Bear Conservation Alliance Woodland Park Zoo and other generous
WCS's Queens Zoo exhibits Andean bears as part of a Species Survival Plan a cooperative breeding program that helps to maintain healthy populations of the animals in zoos throughout the U s. Video:
FMD strikes cloven-hoofed animals presenting as a high fever blistering in the mouth and feet decline in milk production in females and weight loss.
Although most animals recover over the course of months some die of complications from the disease.
and animals can be infected persistently for a period of several years. The SAT 2 serotype of the virus is endemic in Sub-saharan africa
but also increases the risk of damage from grazing animals and seed-eating insects. To investigate how pollinators
and grazing animals affect the characteristics of natural plant populations these researchers studied bird's eye primrose populations in alvar grasslands on the Baltic island of Ãand.
but on the other hand it is damaged more frequently by grazing animals and seed predators. In field experiments the scientists have shown that grazing pressure
Many animals have their ranges extending outside of protected areas Carter said. They don't know
That's probably because the grasslands and water attract animals for tigers to prey on the grasses conceal them
As Nepal and other countries work to pull tigers back from the brink of extinction the study provides a relatively straightforward way to measure how humans affect endangered animals'habitat across space
Many animals have their ranges extending outside of protected areas Carter said. They don't know
While GPS collars can tell a lot about an individual animal's behavior camera traps give a fuller picture of traffic in an area.
In fact in some regions the magnitude of carbon uptake or release due to the effects of specific animal species or groups of animals--such as the pine beetles devouring forests in western North america--can rival the impact of fossil fuel
and microbes affect the carbon cycle they often underestimate how much animals can indirectly alter the absorption release
Historically the role of animals has been underplayed largely since animal species are distributed not globally and because the total biomass of animals is vastly lower than the plants that they rely upon
and therefore contribute little carbon in the way of respiration. What these sorts of analyses have not paid attention to is
and government agencies cites numerous cases where animals have triggered profound impacts on the carbon cycle at local and regional levels.
These are examples where the animals'largest effects are not direct ones Schmitz says. But because of their presence they mitigate
and managers to include animals when thinking of local and regional carbon budgets said Peter Raymond a professor of ecosystem ecology at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.
We're not saying that managing animals will offset these carbon emissions. What we're trying to say is the numbers are of a scale where it is worthwhile to start thinking about how animals could be managed to accomplish that.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.
The Illinois Department of Natural resources collected 23 river otters between 2009 and 2011 after the animals were killed incidentally (hit by cars
and coolants in motors and electrical systems but were banned in 1979 in the U s. after studies found that exposure to these compounds caused cancer and other deleterious health effects in animals.
The animals were treated then with a daily injection of DIM for two weeks starting 10 minutes after the radiation exposure.
but well over half of the DIM-treated animals remained alive 30 days after the radiation exposure.
Understanding the evolution of malaria parasites in bats and other animals and how they fit into the tree of life is key to understanding this important human disease.
Experimental research on drugs immunology and the development of malaria is done typically on related Plasmodium species that infect rodents including laboratory-reared mice.
The authors report that two parasites Plasmodium voltaicum and Plasmodium cyclopsi show patterns of evolutionary jumps from the rodent lineage into bats and then likely a reverse jump with a bat parasite reinfecting rodent hosts.
The authors suggest that the bat hosts which roost in trees may have been exposed to the same mosquito vectors that transfer the parasites between the tree-dwelling rodent hosts.
and signaling molecule in both plants and animals and plays an important role in root system formation.
In wild strawberries it also serves to lure the animals which the plant exploits to spread its seeds.
and activity of microorganisms in the soil which form complex biological communities involving plants and animals.
Low Se concentrations are beneficial to many animals; in particular it is a critical component of an antioxidant enzyme.
Honey bees are social animals and their first line of defense against environmental stressors is the foraging bees themselves.
First kind of study in the worldas pigs are a well-known animal model for studying human obesity because of similar genomes
not only to be strong repellents but also found naturally in fruits plants or animals. The algorithm predicted nearly 200 natural DEET substitutes;
Our findings could lead to a new generation of cheap affordable repellents that could protect humans animals and in the future our crops as well.
The animals show up expecting a food bonanza but they find that the cafeteria already has closed.
and the timing of when animals are most dependent on them for nutrition Kerby said. In addition to analyzing their own data Post and Kerby also used information from a 1970s study of caribou calving and calf survival at the same site by Danish biologists Henning Thing and Bjarne Clausen.
Sea ice is part of a broader climate system that clearly has important effects on both plants and animals.
The disease is caused by a parasite that enters the animals'blood as a result of the bite of the Tsetse fly.
Of over 350 animals tested 41 were found to be infected. Zebus were infected twice as often as Baoul s or hybrid cattle.
We only studied healthy animals and Zebus with such high parasite levels would have been too ill to be included in our study says Silbermayr.
#Model to study human response to bacteria that cause peptic ulcers developedresearchers at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute at Virginia Tech have developed a new large animal model to study how the immune system interacts with the stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori the leading
#oepigs have greater anatomic physiologic and immunologic similarities to humans than mice the main animal model used in biomedical research said Raquel Hontecillas co-director of the Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine
(and less runoff) encourages predators of harmful animals minimizes greenhouse gas emissions improves job satisfaction for farm workers reduces injury
and stress in animals improves welfare and encourages biodiversity using native shrubs and trees. Additionally shrubs and trees with edible leaves and shoots along with pasture plants produce more food for animals per unit area of land than pasture plants alone.
Trees and shrubs have added the benefit of providing shade from hot sun and shelter from rain.
It also reduces stress by enabling the animals to hide from perceived danger. The planting as forage plants of both shrubs
and small branches can be consumed by farmed animals can transform the prospects of obtaining sustainable animal production said Professor Broom.
As the numbers of animals per hectare was much greater production of good quality milk per hectare was four to five times greater on the silvopastoral system.
The paper'Sustainable efficient livestock production with high biodiversity and good welfare for animals'will be published in the 25 september edition of Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Story Source:
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