When the researchers grew those plants they first identified problems in the roots then checked for abnormalities in the bundle sheath.
Those with a history of an eating disorder were excluded. On each of the 21 days participants logged into their diary each evening
and the diseases they carry. By combining data on six parasite species from ongoing surveys of lemur health with weather data and other environmental information for Madagascar as a whole a team of Duke university researchers has created probability
We can use these models to figure out where the risk of lemur-human disease transmission might be highest
Some species--such as pinworms whipworms and tapeworms--cause diarrhea dehydration and weight loss in human hosts.
Others particularly mites and ticks can transmit diseases such as plague typhus or scabies. When the researchers compared their present-day maps with parasite distributions predicted for the future they found that lemur parasites could expand their range by as much as 60 percent.
As lemur parasites become more prevalent the diseases they carry could show up in new places.
and lack resistance to the diseases they carry. Shifting parasite distributions could have ripple effects on people too.
As human population growth in Madagascar drives people and their livestock into previously uninhabited areas wildlife-human disease transmission becomes increasingly likely.
The authors hope their results will help researchers predict where disease hotspots are likely to occur
It is estimated that treating diseases caused by smoking costs the NHS £2. 7 billion a year.
By providing an alternative energy source the pigs are most likely going to be able to fight off infections more efficiently.
He said weanling pigs are more susceptible to pathogens and stress because they have to adjust to a new diet and a new environment.
The stress of weaning can lead to reduced feed intake less available energy and an increased risk of infection.
which the body converts to a close cousin of Vitamin a may lower the risk for the most common form of diabetes
while gamma tocopherol the major form of Vitamin e in the American diet may increase risk for the disease.
The scientists used a big data approach to hunt down interactions between gene variants previously associated with increased risk for type-2 diabetes
and blood levels of substances previously implicated in type-2 diabetes risk. In people carrying a double dose of one such predisposing gene variant the researchers pinpointed a highly statistically significant inverse association of beta carotene blood levels with type-2 diabetes risk along with a suspiciously high positive association of gamma
tocopherol with risk for the disease. Type-2 diabetes affects about 15 percent of the world's population
and the numbers are increasing said Atul Butte MD Phd associate professor of systems medicine in pediatrics.
Government health authorities estimate that one-third of all children born in the United states since the year 2000 will get this disease at some point in their lives possibly knocking decades off their life expectancies.
Butte is the senior author of the new study published online Jan 22 in Human genetics. The first author Chirag Patel Phd is a former graduate student in Butte's lab and now a postdoctoral scholar at the Stanford Prevention Research center.
Moreover the fact that both beta carotene and gamma tocopherol interact with the same gene variant to influence diabetes risk
albeit in opposite directions suggests that the protein the gene called SLC30A4 codes for may play a crucial role in the disease.
Indeed that protein is relatively abundant in insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas where it aids the transport of zinc into those cells.
This in turn triggers the release of insulin whose adequate secretion by the pancreas and efficient uptake in muscle liver and fat tissue counters the dangerous buildup of glucose in the blood and in the long run the onset of type-2 diabetes.
The genomes of some 50 to 60 percent of the U s. population carry two copies of that very gene variant which previous studies have shown to confer a slightly increased risk of contracting type-2 diabetes.
This variant was one of 18 each found by other researchers to have a mild association with type-2 diabetes risk that the Butte team incorporated into its analysis. These gene/disease connections had been identified via so-called genome-wide association studies
In such analyses the genomes of large numbers of people with a disease are compared with those of people without it to see
so advanced statistical techniques must be employed to screen out frequency differences between the diseased and healthy groups that are at bottom the mere results of blind chance.
While plenty of genetic risk factors for type-2 diabetes have been found said Butte none of them taken alone
and not even all of them taken together comes close to accounting for the prevalence of type-2 diabetes.
But increasing numbers of exposures are being cataloged by investigators--including for example scientists at the federal Centers for Disease Control
or without high blood-glucose levels--a defining marker of type-2 diabetes--in pursuit of differences between the two groups'exposures to myriad environmental substances.
This enabled the researchers to perform a novel study pairing each of the 18 type-2-diabetes-implicated gene variants with each of the five suspect environmental substances to see how for individuals carrying a particular gene variant
None of the genetic factors studied in isolation had shown a particularly impressive impact on type-2 diabetes risk.
This vitamin was already known as being'good'with respect to type-2 diabetes so it was no surprise that we saw it too said Butte
High blood levels of gamma tocopherol appeared to be associated with increased risk for the disease.
or accelerating the onset of type-2 diabetes. It also may throw light on precisely how these substances affect the production or performance of the protein for which the implicated gene codes.
along with 83 percent of the colon cancer cells while normal lung cells were unharmed virtually. Taxol was lethal to the cancer cells too
Wusirika thinks the rice callus culture may be attacking cancer with the same sort of plant chemicals that make vegetables so healthy to eat.
We think that's what is killing the cancer. Next Wusirika would like to try the rice callus solution on prostate lung and breast cancer cells the most common types of cancer in the US.
We think it will work with all of them but we need to find out he said.
He also wants to determine which of the compounds released by the rice callus have cancer-killing properties
and how they work against tumor cells. Or he notes it's possible that the suite of biochemicals found in the callus solution work as a team to fight cancer.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Michigan Technological University. The original article was written by Marcia Goodrich.
and feed on them decreasing the harm produced by these worms over the acorns. Therefore voles scattered
and waterborne illnesses because of the condition of cooking and eating facilities available to them according to a new study from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center.
Food contamination during storage or preparation lack of appropriate kitchen facilities and undercooking can increase the risk of foodborne illnesses.
In the long term absence of safe food storage or cooking facilities can prevent consumption of healthy foods leading to elevated chronic disease risk.
A limitation of the study which was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (grant RO1 ES012358) Quandt said is that data were collected only in eastern North carolina
Potential new treatments for deadly sleeping sicknesswhile its common name may make it sound almost whimsical sleeping sickness
or African trypanosomiasis is in reality a potentially fatal parasitic infection that has ravaged populations in Sub-saharan africa for decades
Few drugs have been developed to treat sleeping sickness since the 1940s and those still in use are highly toxic sometimes causing painful side effects and even death.
But researchers at the University of Georgia have made a discovery that may soon lead to new therapies for this critically neglected disease that cause neither the risks nor the pain associated with traditional treatments.
The scientists at UGA's Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases discovered a specific receptor tucked away in an organelle inside the disease-causing trypanosome parasite that regulates the release of calcium
so if we can manipulate them we can stop the infection. The calcium receptor identified by the researchers serves as a kind of messenger within the parasite telling it
and mice in the experimental group remained disease free. We knew that these organelles were rich in acidic calcium
Now that we better understand this critical pathway we may begin thinking about new therapies for sleeping sickness.
Many previous global efforts to prevent transmission of sleeping sickness have focused on controlling or eradicating the tsetse fly
and pigs may fall victim to nagana the animal version of sleeping sickness which when translated from Zulu means depressed in spirit.
but animal sleeping sickness has made it very difficult for many people in this region to establish strong agriculture Docampo said.
Docampo and his colleagues are also confident that their discovery will have applications beyond the treatment of sleeping sickness.
which may lead to new therapies for uncontrollable bleeding and trauma. These are fundamental discoveries about cell life
and in the lives of other organisms and we hope that these will lead to new therapies for a variety of disorders.
15000 deaths from cardiovascular disease and 6000 more deaths from lower respiratory disease when compared to uninfected areas.
When emerald ash borer comes into a community city streets lined with ash trees become treeless.
and human mortality from cardiovascular and lower respiratory disease it did not prove a causal link.
because milk enriched with the mother's antibodies helps ward off infection and gastrointestinal problems. The meaning of privacy might differ for mothers and the hospital.
#New Antarctic geological timeline aids future sea-level predictionsradiocarbon dates of tiny fossilised marine animals found in Antarctica's seabed sediments offer new clues about the recent rapid
#Poultry vaccination responsible for dramatic fall in Salmonella infectionsmass poultry vaccination programmes introduced to combat Salmonella infections have led to a dramatic fall in the number of cases since the late 1990s according to a researcher at the University of Liverpool.
Salmonella are borne important food pathogens worldwide causing diarrhea vomiting nausea fever and abdominal pain. There are currently around 6 million cases of illness from Salmonella across the EU each year the majority
of which are linked to food items such as eggs chicken beef pork salad vegetables and dairy products. Between 1981 and 1991 the number of salmonella infections rose by 170%in the UK driven primarily by an epidemic of Salmonella enteritidis
which peaked in 1993. A raft of control measures were introduced into the poultry industry including movement restrictions compulsory slaughter
Sarah O'brien Professor of Epidemiology and Zoonoses from the University's Institute of Infection and Global Health attributes a dramatic fall in the number of Salmonella cases in humans to this mass vaccination programme in poultry.
We have seen a marked decline in the number of incidents of Salmonella infection shown by two significant studies conducted 10 years apart.
In addition the number of laboratory-confirmed cases of illness dropped from more than 18000 in 1993 to just 459 in 2010 (3). The nature of public health interventions often means that evaluating their impact is complex as they are implemented often simultaneously.
but the relationship between vaccination programmes and the reduction in human disease is compelling and suggests these programmes have made a major contribution to improving public health.
The research is published in Clinical Infectious diseases. Notes: 1. Tam CC Rodrigues LC Viviani L et al.
Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study: incidence in the community and presenting to general practice.
Study of infectious intestinal disease in England: rates in the community presenting to general practice
The Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive. BMJ 1999; 318 (7190): 1046-53. Laboratory reports of human Salmonella cases in the UK 1981 to 2010--Health Protection Agency;
On earth forming veins like these requires water circulating in fractures. Researchers have used the rover's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) to examine sedimentary rocks in the area.
#Fast food diet linked to asthma and eczema severity in kids, large study findseating three or more weekly servings of fast food is linked to the severity of allergic asthma eczema
and rhinitis among children in the developed world indicates a large international study published online in the respiratory journal Thorax.
The findings prompt the authors to suggest that a fast food diet may be contributing to the rise in these conditions
All the participants were involved in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
whether they had symptoms of asthma (wheeze); rhinoconjunctivitis (which produces a runny or blocked nose accompanied by itchy and watery eyes);
and eczema; and their weekly diet. Questions focused particularly on the severity of symptoms over the preceding 12 months--including frequency
but a fast food diet was associated still with symptoms across all centres--except for current eczema
--and poorer countries--except for current and severe asthma. And this difference might have to do with the fact that children have fewer options about their food choices suggest the authors.
Three or more weekly servings were linked to a 39%increased risk of severe asthma among teens and a 27%increased risk among children as well as to the severity of rhinitis and eczema overall.
On the other hand fruit seemed to be protective in both age groups across all centres for all three conditions among children--both current and severe--and for current and severe wheeze and rhinitis among the teens.
If the associations between fast foods and the symptom prevalence of asthma rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema is causal then the findings have major public health significance owing to the rising consumption of fast foods globally they conclude.
In one scenario an athlete was given heroic qualities such as working with ill children a commitment to the cause of cancer prevention dedicating his performance to his mother
You sort of squint your eyes and it takes a while and all of a sudden you get that moment--boom!
Vitamin d deficiency is a risk factor for a number of illnesses including asthma and allergies in children.
Severe deficiency can cause rickets a softening of bones. Yet dietary records of Canadian infants show that at 12 months they are receiving only 11 per cent of their recommended daily allowance of Vitamin d through food such as oily fish fortified dairy products and cereals.
The program follows children from birth with the aim of preventing common nutrition problems in the early years and understanding their impact on health and disease later in life.
as a result of the beetle epidemic said Lewis also a faculty member in CU-Boulder's ecology and evolutionary biology department.
and Gene Likens of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook N y. The severe pine beetle epidemic in Colorado
A November 2012 study by CU-Boulder doctoral student Teresa Chapman showed the 2001-02 drought greatly accelerated the development of the mountain pine beetle epidemic.
Given the disproportionate burden of tobacco-related disease faced by the poor and minorities mandating strong pictorial warnings is an effective and efficient way to communicate the risk of tobacco use.
Using outpatient electronic medical records the researchers identified whether the participants developed cardiovascular disease diabetes mellitus hypertension (high blood pressure) and metabolic syndrome during the five-year period.
They found no relationship between dietary pattern and prevalence of cardiovascular disease diabetes metabolic syndrome or mortality in the participants;
however they did find an increased risk of hypertension in people who followed the sweets and dairy pattern.
#Strawberries, blueberries may cut heart attack risk in womenwomen who ate at least three servings of blueberries
and strawberries per week had fewer heart attacks. Blueberries and strawberries contain high levels of compounds that have cardiovascular benefits.
and strawberries per week may help women reduce their risk of a heart attack by as much as one-third researchers reported in Circulation:
During the study 405 heart attacks occurred. Women who ate the most blueberries and strawberries had a 32-percent reduction in their risk of heart attack compared to women who ate the berries once a month
or less--even in women who otherwise ate a diet rich in other fruits and vegetables.
We have shown that even at an early age eating more of these fruits may reduce risk of a heart attack later in life said Aedã n Cassidy Ph d. lead author
and head of the Department of Nutrition at Norwich Medical school of the University of East Anglia in Norwich United kingdom. The findings were independent of other risk factors such as age high blood pressure family history of heart attack
Plague outbreaks political conflicts and migration movements often matched periods of cooler temperatures. Moreover fluctuations in settlement activity appear to be linked to climate variability.
The Black death in the mid-14th century the Thirty years war between 1618-1648 and the Russian crusade of Napoleon in 1812 are three most prominent examples of climate-culture interactions.
#Amino acid studies may aid battle against citrus greening diseaseamino acids in orange juice might reveal secrets to the successful attack strategy of the plant pathogen that causes citrus greening disease also known as Huanglongbing or HLB.
With further research the profiles may prove to be a reliable rapid and early indicator of the presence of the HLB pathogen in an orchard according to Breksa.
For instance if the HLB pathogen were causing havoc with the trees'ability to create use
which suggests that the HLB pathogen may have interfered with the tree's conversion of phenylalanine to cinnamic acid.
Though 2004 had a sharper production decrease per capita beef consumption that year increased nearly 2 percent because of a sharp drop in beef exports largely attributed to the first case of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy also referred to as BSE in the United states. Beef consumption may drop more sharply in 2014 with a 5
#Schmallenberg virus genome engineered to understand how to reduce disease caused by the virusscientists engineer the Schmallenberg virus genome to understand how to reduce disease caused by the virus. Researchers from the MRC Centre for Virus Research at the University of Glasgow in Scotland have developed methods to synthesize
SBV is discovered a recently pathogen of livestock such as cattle sheep and goats. The researchers have laid bare important ways by which this virus causes disease.
The full report about the study publishes on January 10 in the Open Access journal PLOS Pathogens.
SBV is of great concern because it causes stillbirths abortions and fetal defects in pregnant cows and ewes.
From these cells the researchers recovered virus with identical infection properties to the natural SBV.
The health benefits of switching from refined to whole grain foods are established well including lower risk of cardiovascular disease weight gain
and type 2 diabetes. Based on this evidence the U s. Department of agriculture's (USDA) 2010 Dietary Guidelines recommend that Americans consume at least three servings of whole grain products daily
Abnormal proteins from buttock fat linked to metabolic syndromepeople who are shaped apple--with fat more concentrated around the abdomen--have long been considered more at risk for conditions such as heart disease
and diabetes than those who are shaped pear and carry weight more in the buttocks hips and thighs.
and omentin-1 proteins that can lead to inflammation and a prediabetic condition know as insulin resistance in individuals with early metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome refers to a group of risk factors that occur together doubling the risk for heart disease
and increasing the risk for diabetes at least fivefold. Risk factors include having a large waistline low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) or good cholesterol high blood pressure as well as high fasting blood sugar (insulin resistance) and high triglyceride levels.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention metabolic syndrome affects 35 percent of American adults over age 20.
Fat in the abdomen has long been considered the most detrimental to health and gluteal fat was thought to protect against diabetes heart disease
and metabolic syndrome said Ishwarlal Jialal lead author of the study and a professor of pathology and laboratory medicine and of internal medicine at UC Davis. But our research helps to dispel the myth that gluteal fat is'innocent.'
'It also suggests that abnormal protein levels may be an early indicator to identify those at risk for developing metabolic syndrome.
The UC Davis team found that in individuals with early metabolic syndrome gluteal fat secreted elevated levels of chemerin
and low levels of omentin-1--proteins that correlate with other factors known to increase the risk for heart disease and diabetes.
High chemerin levels for example correlated with high blood pressure elevated levels of C reactive-protein protein (a sign of inflammation) and triglycerides insulin resistance and low levels of HDL cholesterol.
Low omentin-1 levels correlated with high levels of triglycerides and blood glucose levels and low levels of HDL cholesterol.
High chemerin levels correlated with four of the five characteristics of metabolic syndrome and may be a promising biomarker for metabolic syndrome said Jialal.
As it's also an indicator of inflammation and insulin resistance it could also emerge as part of a biomarker panel to define high-risk obesity states.
The good news is that with weight loss you can reduce chemerin levels along with the risk for metabolic syndrome.
To conduct the study Jialal and colleagues recruited 45 patients with early metabolic syndrome--defined as having at least three risk factors for metabolic syndrome including central obesity hypertension mild increases in glucose levels not yet in the diabetic range(<126 mg/dl
) hyperlipidemia without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. A control group of 30 subjects had less than two risk factors for metabolic syndrome with normal glucose and triglyceride levels.
Both groups were matched for gender and age. Complete blood counts lipid profiles and blood glucose blood pressure and C reactive-protein protein levels were measured in all participants.
Levels of four proteins secreted by adipose tissue--chemerin resistin visfatin and omentin-1--were measured also in plasma and in subcutaneous fat samples from gluteal tissue.
and gluteal fat of subjects with metabolic syndrome compared to those in the control group. The abnormal levels of these two proteins were also independent of age body mass index and waist circumference.
Future large epidemiological studies should focus on evaluating the role of chemerin as a biomarker for the development of diabetes
and cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome Jialal said. Other authors of the study entitled Increased Chemerin and Decreased Omentin-1 in Both Adipose tissue and Plasma in Nascent Metabolic syndrome include Sridevi Devaraj of Baylor College of Medicine Harmeet
Kaur of UC Davis Beverley Adams-Huet of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical center and Andrew A. Bremer of Vanderbilt University.
The study was supported by a grant from the American Diabetes Association. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Davis Health System.
It is also vital that investigators are aware of potential unexpected crossreactive allergic responses upon the consumption of plant products as we found in the non-transgenic peas.
My job is to build a specialty program that deals with medical weight management providing a long-term care model to treat obesity as the disease it is said Dr. Jamy Ard co-director of the new adult Weight Management Center
Obesity is a disease. Surgery is the most successful treatment but without life modification--portion control healthy choices and exercise--even surgery will not be successful in the long term.
She said she initially hoped that her arthritis pain would be reduced through the program something that hasn't happened.
As obesity rates have soared so too have related health problems such as heart disease and diabetes. Consequently Ard and his colleagues fear that the next generation may have a lower life expectancy than the current generation.
when treating tumors, research findsnew research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center shows that patients suffering from aggressive brain tumors can be treated effectively with smaller radiation fields to spare the rest of the brain and preserve cognition.
That's important because it lessens the symptoms from radiation toxicity like tiredness and nausea.
and does not seem to lead to an increase in the likelihood of the tumor recurring.
whether using these tighter margins would affect the tumors coming back outside of the radiation field
Smaller radiation margins around the tumor do not seem to lead to an increase in the tumor returning just outside of the radiation field Chan said.
#Passive smoking increases risk of severe dementia, according to study in Chinaan international study by scientists in China the UK and USA has found a link between passive smoking and syndromes of dementia.
The study of nearly 6000 people in five provinces in China reveals that people exposed to passive smoking have increased a significantly risk of severe dementia syndromes.
and respiratory diseases including coronary heart disease and lung cancer. However until now it has been uncertain whether ETS increases the risk of dementia mainly due to lack of research.
and cognitive impairment but this is the first to find a significant link with dementia syndromes.
According to the World health organization (WHO) nearly 80 percent of the more than one billion smokers worldwide live in low-and middle-income countries where the burden of tobacco-related illness
and Shanxi to characterise their levels of ETS exposure smoking habits and assess levels of dementia syndromes.
They found that 10 percent of the group had severe dementia syndromes. This was significantly related to exposure level and duration of passive smoking.
The associations with severe syndromes were found in people who had smoked never and in former and current smokers.
The data from the Anhui cohort which were collected at baseline in 2001-03 for dementia syndromes
and in the follow up in 2007-08 for ETS exposure and dementia further excluded the possibility that dementia syndromes caused people to be exposed more to environmental tobacco smoke.
'Passive smoking should be considered an important risk factor for severe dementia syndromes as this study in China shows.
Avoiding exposure to ETS may reduce the risk of severe dementia syndromes.''China along with many other countries now has a significantly aging population
'The findings from this study together with a second recent study by Chen and colleagues published in Alzheimer's
& Dementia on the links between passive smoking and Alzheimer's disease strengthen the case for public health measures to protect people from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.'
More campaigns against tobacco exposure in the general population will help decrease the risk of severe dementia syndromes
and reduce the dementia epidemic worldwide.''He added:''The increased risk of severe dementia syndromes in those exposed to passive smoking is increased similar to risk of coronary heart disease--suggesting that urgent preventive measures should be taken not just in China but many other countries.'
'Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by King's college London. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
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