The ability to quickly filter out contaminants on-site would save a great deal of money he said. He sees even greater potential benefits for the mining industry.
or genes for resistance to diseases afflicting tomato plants. These stretches of genetic uniformity illustrate the need to increase overall genetic diversity in modern varieties
Which type of bacteria causes severe lung disease in European brown hare? Molecular biological analyses of tissue samples always confront scientists with the same problem:
how to retrieve the genome of a specific pathogen from a mixture of DNAS in a patient and its microbial cohabitants?
Capflank opens doors to completely new possibilities e g. in the genetic analysis of pathogens. We can use short preserved gene sequences to yield the genome
(or at least large sections of it) from pathogenic variants of influenza viruses for example or from completely new pathogens explains Greenwood.
#Fermented milk made by lactococcus lactis H61 improves skin of healthy young womenthere has been much interest in the potential for using probiotic bacteria for treating skin diseases and other disorders.
Although many reports have addressed the effect of lactic acid bacteria on skin properties in subjects with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis few studies have involved healthy humans explains lead investigator Hiromi Kimoto-Nira Phd
Season-associated effects are an important factor in skin condition says Kimoto-Nira. Skin disorders such as psoriasis and senile xerosis tend to exacerbate in winter.
Melanin provides varying degrees of brown coloration at the skin surface and melanin content is affected by internal and external factors such as age race and sunlight exposure.
#How deadly MERS virus enters human cellscornell University researchers have uncovered details of how the deadly Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov) enters host cells and offer possible new avenues
With MERS the primary infection is in the lungs and even there it infects additional cell types including immune cells
--which could be the root of infection to humans said Whittaker. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Cornell University.
At two months old the girl was diagnosed with Alpha 1-antitrypsin antitrypsin deficiency an inherited disorder that causes liver disease.
The first pancreas transplant at University Hospital used to cure diabetes. The first kidney transplant in Utah using an organ from a donor with hepatitis C. The first en bloc kidney where two pediatric kidneys were transplanted into one adult.
--and best known for claims that it can help prevent certain cancers--may ease classic behavioral symptoms in those with autism spectrum disorders (ASDS).
ASD experts estimate that the group of disorders affects 1 to 2 percent of the world's population with a much higher incidence in boys than girls.
Unfortunately its root causes remain elusive though progress has been made Talalay says in describing some of the biochemical and molecular abnormalities that tend to accompany ASD.
He says that studies show that the cells of those with ASD often have high levels of oxidative stress the buildup of harmful unintended byproducts from the cell's use of oxygen that can cause inflammation damage DNA and lead to cancer and other
chronic diseases. In 1992 Talalay's research group discovered that sulforaphane has some ability to bolster the body's natural defenses against oxidative stress inflammation and DNA damage.
when people have fever. Intriguingly he says about one-half of parents report that their children's autistic behavior improves noticeably
when they have a fever then reverts back when the fever is gone. In 2007 Zimmerman a principal collaborator in the current study tested this anecdotal trend clinically
and found it to be true though a mechanism for the fever effect was identified not.
Because fevers like sulforaphane initiate the body's heat-shock response Zimmerman and Talalay wondered
if sulforaphane could cause the same temporary improvement in autism that fevers do. The current study was designed to find out.
Before the start of the trial the patients'caregivers and physicians filled out three standard behavioral assessments:
what happens to those who experience improvements during a fever. It seems like sulforaphane is temporarily helping cells to cope with their handicaps he says.
Zimmerman adds that before they learned which subjects got the sulforaphane or placebo the impressions of the clinical team--including parents--were that 13 of the participants noticeably improved.
Another of their advantages is that they even combat other microorganisms in the soil that cause plant diseases.
and specifically to combat the impact of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen which affects roots. In the experiment the effectiveness of other organic fertilizers like the bokashi type compost of Japanese origin will also be tested.
and disease resistance scientists are now looking at ways to develop tomato cultivars that boast higher antioxidant traits.
To date wild tomato species have been used widely for improvement of tomato disease resistance but have not been explored extensively for health-related traits.
which led to more illness and--as a result--an increased consumption of tetracyclines in turkeys.
An increased occurrence of diarrhea in broilers in 2013 can partly explain the increased consumption of penicillins which are an effective treatment against diarrhea.
For this reason a few outbreaks of illness can cause significant fluctuations in the annual consumption data Yvonne Agersã¸explains.
when you know which bacteria are causing the disease. Others are broad spectrum and affect numerous groups of bacteria at the same time.
They can therefore be used to treat a disease before knowing which bacteria are the cause.
or life-threatening infections in humans These types include carbapenems third and fourth generation cephalosporins fluoroquinolones and macrolides.
In 1995 16-month old Kumari the first Asian elephant born at the National Zoo in WASHINGTON DC died of a then-mysterious illness.
In fact we also found the same disease in several Asian range countries including in orphans
and compare the sequences of multiple segments of many different types of EEHV genomes directly from pathological blood
and nearly ubiquitous infections of Asian elephants that are shed occasionally in trunk washes and saliva of most healthy asymptomatic adult animals.
Hayward notes that only one example of a lethal cross-species infection with EEHV3 into an Asian elephant calf has been observed
and that the viruses causing disease normally do so only in their natural hosts. Close monitoring of Asian elephant calves in zoos has enabled so far lifesaving treatment for at least nine infected Asian calves says Hayward suggesting that such monitoring may ultimately enable determining why some animals become susceptible to severe disease after their primary EEHV1 infections
while most do not. About 20%of all Asian elephant calves are susceptible to hemorrhagic disease
whereas symptomatic disease is extremely rare in African elephant calves under the same zoo conditions says Hayward.
In another paper in the same issue of Journal of Virology Hayward et al. demonstrate that the many highly diverged species
and for developing therapeutic approaches to diseases caused by EEHV. Elephant populations have been plummeting. African elephants declined roughly from 10 million to half a million during the 20th century due largely to habitat destruction
lest water releases do more harm than good. Several decades of applied research guided the planning for the engineered spring flood on the lower Colorado this year
and face many threats such as coastal pollution dredging and disease. However some of their most widespread threats involve warming ocean temperatures solar radiation and increased ocean acidification.
or had higher levels of biomarkers of tobacco exposure had a higher prevalence of the sexually transmitted infection oral human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) according to a study in the October 8 JAMA a theme issue
on infectious disease. Oral HPV-16 is believed to be responsible for the increase in incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers in the United states. An association between self-reported number of cigarettes currently smoked per day
and oral HPV prevalence has been observed according to background information in the article. Carole Fakhry M d. M p h. of the Johns hopkins university School of medicine Baltimore and colleagues investigated associations between objective biomarkers reflective of all current tobacco exposures (environmental smoking and use of smokeâ less tobacco
Self-reported and biological measures of tobacco exposure as well as oral sexual behavior were associated significantly with prevalent oral HPV-16 infection.
Average cotinine and NNAL levels were higher in individuals with vs without oral HPV-16 infection.
These findings highlight the need to evaluate the role of tobacco in the natural history of oral HPV-16 infection
and progression to malignancy the authors write. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by JAMA-Journal of the American Medical Association.
Vitamin a deficiency causes blindness in 250000 to 500000 children every year half of whom die within a year of losing their eyesight according to the World health organization.
Insufficient carotenoids may also contribute to macular degeneration in the elderly a leading cause of blindness in older populations in Europe
Discovery on how fungi avoid immune responses of plants leads to new generation of fungicidesplants that come under attack from pathogens have an automatic immune response.
This signalling mechanism occurs very early in the fungal infection process at a time when the fungi are most accessible to fungicide treatment.
In fact losses of wheat rice and maize to fungal pathogens per year are the same as the annual spend by US Department of Homeland Security--some 60 billion US dollars.
In order to efficiently protect crops we must better understand molecular mechanisms like these that occur in the very earliest stages of infection.
Speaking about the research Deputy Vice Chancellor Professor Nick Talbot said The University of Exeter is committed to tackling fundamental research questions to help control plant diseases
This exciting discovery by Prof Steinberg's group provides a new potential route to disease control.
because they have a large amount of crop pathogen. However this species has other subspecies that does not harm their host plants
and without the contamination issues than can produce the mineral fertilizers. Thus its application in agriculture horticulture forestry plants ornamental plants or any other plant with commercial interest would represent a significant environmental and economic saving.
#U s. releases 13th Report on Carcinogensfour substances have been added in the U s. Department of health and human services 13th Report on Carcinogens a science-based document that identifies chemical biological and physical agents that are considered cancer hazards for people living
Identifying substances in our environment that can make people vulnerable to cancer will help in prevention efforts said Linda Birnbaum Ph d. director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National
and it empowers the public with information people can use to reduce exposure to cancer causing substances.
A listing in the report indicates a cancer hazard but does not by itself mean that a substance will cause cancer.
Many factors including the amount and duration of exposure and an individual's susceptibility to a substance can affect
whether a person will develop cancer. One substance added as a known human carcinogensince 1983 ortho-toluidine has been listed in the Report on Carcinogens as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
However new cancer studies led NTP to reevaluate and reclassify ortho-toluidine and it is added now to the category of known to be a human carcinogen based on studies in humans showing it causes urinary bladder cancer.
Ortho-toluidine is a synthetic chemical produced in other countries and imported into the United states by several companies in high volumes.
No human studies were identified that evaluated the relationship between human cancer and exposure specifically to 1-bromopropane.
However inhalation exposure to 1-bromopropane in rodents caused tumors in several organs including the skin lungs and large intestine.
Inhalation exposure to cumene caused lung tumors in male and female mice and liver tumors in female mice.
No human studies were identified that looked at the relationship between human cancer and exposure specifically to cumene.
Exposure to this mixture was associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in studies in humans.
It also caused tumors in the liver and other organs in mice. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS.
The problem with the approach is you're assuming all individuals within a species are identical like assuming all humans will respond identically to an illness said Fitzpatrick.
while others are not--just like some people a more likely to survive a disease than others.
Pet food safety was another area of concern particularly with pet foods that are formulated specifically to address food allergies in both cats and dogs continued Dr. Hellberg.
and resistance to insect pests and diseases but whether or not diverse forests are adapted also better to deal with drought stress remains unknown.
#An apple a day could keep obesity awayscientists at Washington state University have concluded that nondigestible compounds in apples--specifically Granny smith apples--may help prevent disorders associated with obesity.
The discovery could help prevent some of the disorders associated with obesity such as low-grade chronic inflammation that can lead to diabetes.
This results in microbial byproducts that lead to inflammation and influence metabolic disorders associated with obesity Noratto said.
and defend against invaders--an important step in preventing pathogens from contaminating fruits and vegetables. Now scientists have discovered that plants may package their commensal bacteria inside of seeds;
Pathogens can include viruses and bacteria that damage the plant itself or bacteria like the Shiga-toxin producing E coli O104:
Such opportunistic contamination is hard to guard against as most growing takes place in open outdoor spaces with little opportunity for control.
The hypothesis behind this research is that the best way to defend against pathogenic contamination is with a healthy microbiome colonized by bacteria provide protection from invasive pathogens.
What they found was the new strain of Bacillus pumilus a unique highly motile Gram-positive bacterium capable of colonizing the mung bean plant without causing any harm.
#Cow behavior changes in response to deterioration in healthwhen a cow develops mastitis her behaviour changes
but is it possible to recognise the signs of this diseases in other ways and even earlier?
A dairy cow becomes restless four hours after it contracts bacterial mastitis. Simultaneously the other symptoms of a steadily progressing inflammation such as increased body temperature
The study showed that it is in the milk that the first symptoms of a disease can be detected
At a conventional milking stall mastitis is detected often as late as during a milking session
and on welfare technologies will increasingly target at early detection of signals that predict a health problem of an animal.
This will enable the launch of preventive measures at an earlier stage than before affecting the process of a cow contracting a disease and shortening the recovery time.
Mastitis is extremely harmful for both the farmer and the cow. When an inflammation has gained a footing the cow is seriously ill.
With regard to the cow's well-being and the financial impact caused by the disease warning signals should be intercepted as early
when by pregnant women they found that only (S)- thalidomide caused birth defects whereas (R)- thalidomide had desired the calming and anti-nausea effects.
The Max Planck scientists now want to identify the enzymes and the encoding genes that are responsible for the detoxification process in the fall armyworm.
#Flying doctor bees to prevent cherry diseaseuniversity of Adelaide researchers are introducing a method to use bees to deliver disease control to cherry blossom preventing brown rot in cherries.
With increasing availability of suitable biological control agents future application of the'flying doctors'technology is expected to become available for disease control in almonds grapes strawberry raspberry apple pear
but dietary quality could be improveda new American Cancer Society study suggests that participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program (SNAP) previously known as the food stamp program had lower dietary quality scores compared with income eligible nonparticipants.
For their study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings researchers led by Binh T. Nguyen Phd of the American Cancer Society explored the diet quality of SNAP participants using data from a nationally representative sample of over 4000 adult
The above story is provided based on materials by American Cancer Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
and mental health problems but high mental wellbeing is more than the absence of symptoms or illness;
but because it protects people against common and serious physical diseases. Discussing the implications of the research co-author Professor Sarah Stewart-Brown says that:
and society and mental wellbeing underpins many physical diseases unhealthy lifestyles and social inequalities in health.
and mean that people are likely to be able to enhance their mental wellbeing at the same time as preventing heart disease and cancer.
#Maternal breast milk is risk factor for cytomegalovirus transmission in premature infantspremature infants especially those born with very low-birth-weight (VLBW) are particularly vulnerable to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection because of their immature immune systems.
CMV infection can cause serious disease and in severe cases lead to death. Two important potential sources of CMV infection in premature infants are blood transfusions and breast milk.
Neither source has previously been examined systematically in a large enough study however to quantify the specific risks of infection
and identify risk factors to help guide prevention strategies. In a new study published in JAMA Pediatrics researchers have confirmed that the common strategy of transfusing blood products to VLBW infants that are CMV-seronegative
Using this transfusion approach maternal breast milk becomes the primary source of postnatal CMV infection among VLBW infants.
A majority of mothers had a history of CMV infection prior to delivery (CMV sero-prevalence of 76.2 percent.
The infants were tested at birth to evaluate for congenital infection and again at five additional intervals between birth and 90 days discharge or death.
A total of 29 out of the 539 enrolled infants were found to have CMV infection (cumulative incidence of 6. 9 percent at 12 weeks.
Five infants with CMV infection developed severe disease or died. Although 2061 transfusions were administered to 310 of the infants (57.5 percent) the blood products were CMV-seronegative
and leukoreduced and none of the CMV infections was linked to transfusion. Twenty-seven of 28 infections acquired after birth occurred among infants fed CMV-positive breast milk.
The authors estimate that between 1 in 5 and 1 in 10 VLBW infants who are fed CMV positive breast milk from mothers with a history of CMV infection will develop postnatal CMV infection.
We believe our study is the largest evaluation of both blood transfusion and breast-milk sources of postnatal CMV infection in VLBW infants says first author Cassandra Josephson MD from the Center for Transfusion and Cellular Therapies Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine Emory University School of medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Previously the risk of CMV infection from blood transfusion of seronegative or leukoreduced transfusions was estimated to be 1 to 3 percent.
We showed that using blood components that are both CMV-seronegative and leukoreduced we can effectively prevent the transfusion-transmission of CMV.
Therefore we believe that this is the safest approach to reduce the risk of CMV infection when giving transfusions to VLBW infants.
The American Academy of Pediatrics currently states that the value of routinely feeding breast milk from CMV seropositive mothers to preterm infants outweighs the risks of clinical disease from CMV.
Alternative approaches to prevent breast milk transmission of CMV say the authors could include routine CMV-serologic testing of pregnant mothers to enable counseling regarding the risk of infection;
Although most infants who develop CMV infection are asymptomatic in the neonatal period a minority progress to develop serious symptoms.
Routine screening for postnatal CMV infection may be one potential strategy to help identify these infants before they go on to develop symptomatic disease.
although the effect of asymptomatic postnatal CMV infection on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes is not clear the frequency of CMV infection in this study raises significant concern about the potential consequences of CMV infection among VLBW
infants and points to the need for large long-term follow-up studies of neurological outcomes in infants with postnatal CMV infection.
#Healthy lifestyle choices may dramatically reduce risk of heart attack in menfollowing a healthy lifestyle including maintaining a healthy weight
and diet exercise not smoking and moderating alcohol intake could prevent four out of five coronary events in men according to a new study publishing today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
While mortality from heart disease has declined in recent decades with much of the reduction attributed to medical therapies the authors said prevention through a healthy lifestyle avoids potential side effects of medication
and is more cost effective for population-wide reductions in coronary heart disease. For the study researchers examined a population of 20721 healthy Swedish men aged 45-79 years of age
The researchers found a clear reduction in risk for heart attack for each individual lifestyle factor the participants practiced.
For instance having a low-risk diet together with a moderate alcohol consumption led to an estimated 35 percent lower risk of heart attack compared to the high-risk group those who practice none of the low-risk factors.
Researchers found similar results in men with hypertension and high cholesterol levels. It is not surprising that healthy lifestyle choices would lead to a reduction in heart attacks said Agneta Akesson Ph d. Associate professor at the Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm
and lead author of the study. What is surprising is how drastically the risk dropped due to these factors.
The burden of cardiovascular disease could be reduced significantly through programs targeted to men and promoting low-risk lifestyle choices.
Even in those who take medication an additional reduction in risk for chronic heart disease has been observed in those with a healthy lifestyle.
The research at Cedars-Sinai involves patients with liver disease caused by acute alcoholic hepatitis a group with few therapeutic options.
Liver failure can be caused by trauma such as an accident by viral infections overdosing on drugs--including some over-the-counter pain medications--and from alcohol abuse.
Patients with kidney disease can use dialysis and those with cardiac problems have ventricular assist devices
because overproduction of these molecules may lead to headaches and pain and all sorts of disordersâ#Kolomiets said. â#oeitâ##s the same group of metabolites that are produced by the plants
#Lymphatic fluid used for first time to detect bovine paratuberculosisparatuberculosis also known as Johne's disease is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP.
Paratuberculosis mainly affects ruminants and causes treatment-resistant diarrhea and wasting among affected animals. The disease can cause considerable economic losses for commercial farms.
The animals produce less milk exhibit fertility problems and are more susceptible to other conditions such as udder inflammation.
The disease usually manifests two to three years after the initial infection. In some cases it can even take up to ten years before the disease becomes apparent.
During this time infected animals shed the bacteria putting the health of the entire herd at risk.
First author Lorenz Khol of the Clinic for Ruminants at the Vetmeduni Vienna in cooperation with the College of Veterinary medicine at the University of Florida developed a possible alternative method for early diagnosis of the infection.
As the macrophages can be found in the lymphatic fluid first we believe that an infection can be diagnosed here substantially earlier
or milkthe scientists tested a total of 86 cows from different farms exhibiting symptoms of diarrhea and weight loss.
These animals had developed various diseases or a reduced performance that made it necessary to remove the animals from the farm.
The fact that there is no treatment for this disease makes comprehensive early diagnosis especially important Khol explains.
Then rhizobial infection of the roots triggers the production of certain peptides in the roots
and more needs to be done to continue to have a positive impact on the epidemic.
or plant growing regulators to protect their crops against pests and diseases. But used in a wrong way pesticides can pose a risk to humans and the surrounding environment.
Small serving beneficial, large not necessarya daily small serve of dairy food may reduce the risk of heart disease or stroke even in communities where such foods have not traditionally formed part of the diet.
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death among Taiwanese. When Professor Wahlqvist's study began in 1993 there was little apparent concern about dairy foods in contrast to a current belief that they may be harmful to health
and in particular raise the risk of cancer. The study showed such fears to be unfounded. We observed that increased dairy consumption meant lower risks of mortality from cardiovascular disease especially stroke
but found no significant association with the risk of cancer Professor Wahlqvist said. Milk and other dairy foods are recognised as providing a broad spectrum of nutrients essential for human health.
According to the study findings people only need to eat small amounts to gain the benefits.
For example while some bacteria on leaves cause disease others may protect the plant against pathogens or produce hormones that increase plant growth rates.
and can reduce risk of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Curious about these impacts researchers from CHU de Quã bec Research center and Laval University studied the dairy-eating habits of healthy French-canadians
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