The first tetracyclines discovered in the late 1940s ushered in a new class of powerful antibacterial agents to treat high-mortality diseases among them anthrax and plague as well as such bacterial infections as chlamydia syphilis and Lyme disease.
#Where you live may be putting you at risk for foodborne illness, researcher findsimproving education about risky food handling behaviors would reduce the amount of foodborne illness
and help improve food security around the world according to Kansas State university research. For their study the university's Kadri Koppel assistant professor of human nutrition and Edgar Chambers IV university distinguished professor and director of the Sensory Analysis Center worked with around 100 consumers from India
These bacteria lead to many cases of foodborne illness and we need a better understanding of food handling practices to find the risky behaviors that may lead to contamination.
The research found mixed results on this with most of the consumers in Argentina and Colombia storing meat on higher shelves putting them at a higher risk for contamination.
and pathogens and historical observations of a further 424 species. Significant use was made of historical CABI records which document crop pests and diseases around the world from 1822 to the present day.
and diseases we're moving one step closer to protecting our ability to feed a growing global population.
It's known that disease-causing fungi build a structure to break through the plant cell wall
and reduced the incidence of bovine respiratory disease after castration. Once meloxicam was administered orally to beef cattle prior to these common procedures the cattle gained more weight
and had slower incidence of bovine respiratory disease because it allowed them to be more comfortable
and control diseases in cattle. This reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance selection and has positive implications for both human and animal health.
#Fighting prostate cancer with tomato-rich dietmen who eat over 10 portions a week of tomatoes have an 18 per cent lower risk of developing prostate cancer new research suggests.
With 35000 new cases every year in the UK and around 10000 deaths prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide.
and lifestyle recommendations reduces risk of prostate cancer researchers at the Universities of Bristol Cambridge
and lifestyle of 1806 men aged between 50 and 69 with prostate cancer and compared with 12005 cancer-free men.
The NIHR-funded study published in the medical journal Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention is the first study of its kind to develop a prostate cancer'dietary index
'which consists of dietary components--selenium calcium and foods rich in lycopene--that have been linked to prostate cancer.
Men who had optimal intake of these three dietary components had a lower risk of prostate cancer.
Tomatoes and its products--such as tomato juice and baked beans--were shown to be most beneficial with an 18 per cent reduction in risk found in men eating over 10 portions a week.
Our findings suggest that tomatoes may be important in prostate cancer prevention. However further studies need to be conducted to confirm our findings especially through human trials.
and body weight for cancer prevention published by the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR).
Only the recommendation on plant foods--high intake of fruits vegetables and dietary fibre--was found to be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer.
As these recommendations are targeted not at prostate cancer prevention researchers concluded that adhering to these recommendations is not sufficient
Unfortunately piglets weaned early often don't thrive with reduced growth and diarrhea common. Ms Weaver's study investigated
#New gluten-free ingredient may cause allergic reaction, expert warnsa popular new ingredient in gluten-free products could be causing an allergic reaction according to a Kansas State university food safety specialist.
Lupin a legume belonging to the same plant family as peanuts is showing up as a wheat replacement in an increasing number of gluten-free products.
and soybean allergies to read labels before buying these products. Lupin is colored a yellow bean that's very popular in Europe Mediterranean countries Australia
and may not realize that lupin has the same protein that causes allergic reactions to peanuts and soybeans.
Allergic reactions can have various symptoms including hives swelling of the lips vomiting breathing difficulties and anaphylactic shock.
Even those without allergies to legume products need to be aware of the ingredient. You can become allergic to something at any point in your life Blakeslee said.
If you do start seeing any symptoms of an allergic reaction stop eating the food immediately
and contact your doctor. The FDA expects lupin to become a popular product in the gluten-free arena because of its many health qualities.
The FDA is actively monitoring complaints of lupin allergies by U s. consumers. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Kansas State university.
It's critical that we rigorously examine the long-term impact of this new technology on public health cardiovascular disease and stroke and pay careful attention to the effect of e-cigarettes on adolescents.
Honeybees face threats from disease climate change and management practices. To combat these threats it is important to understand the evolutionary history of honeybees
and pathogens including those involved in morphology behaviour and innate immunity. The study provides new insights into evolution
and genetic adaptation and establishes a framework for investigating the biological mechanisms behind disease resistance
Furthermore special AMPS for the treatment of superficial infections could be developed. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Forschungsverbund Berlin e. V. FVB.
#Creating pomegranate drug to stem Alzheimers, Parkinsonsdr Olumayokun Olajide's research will look to produce compound derivatives of punicalagin for a drug that would treat neuro-inflammation
and slow down the progression of Alzheimer's diseasethe onset of Alzheimer's disease can be slowed and some of its symptoms curbed by a natural compound that is found in pomegranate.
Also the painful inflammation that accompanies illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson's disease could be reduced according to the findings of a two-year project headed by University of Huddersfield scientist Dr Olumayokun Olajide who specialises in the anti-inflammatory properties of natural products.
Now a new phase of research can explore the development of drugs that will stem the development of dementias such as Alzheimer's
which affects some 800000 people in the UK with 163000 new cases a year being diagnosed.
This inflammation leads to the destruction of more and more brain cells making the condition of Alzheimer's sufferers progressively worse.
There is still no cure for the disease but the punicalagin in pomegranate could prevent it
which inflammation--not just neuro-inflammation--is a factor such as rheumatoid arthritis Parkinson's and cancer. The research continues
#Fungus deadly to AIDS patients found to grow on treesresearchers have pinpointed the environmental source of fungal infections that have been sickening HIV/AIDS patients in Southern California for decades.
and tree samples from areas around Los angeles hardest hit by infections of the fungus named Cryptococcus gattii (CRIP-to-cock-us GAT-ee-eye).
Cryptococcus which encompasses a number of species including C. gattii causes life-threatening infections of the lungs
and brain and is responsible for one third of all AIDS-related deaths. The study which appears Aug 21 in PLOS Pathogens found strong genetic evidence that three tree species--Canary Island pine Pohutukawa
and American sweetgum--can serve as environmental hosts and sources of these human infections. Just as people who travel to South america are told to be careful about drinking the water people who visit other areas like California the Pacific Northwest
and Oregon need to be aware that they are at risk for developing a fungal infection especially
if their immune system is compromised said Deborah J. Springer Ph d. lead study author and postdoctoral fellow in the Center for Microbial Pathogenesis at Duke university School of medicine.
and UCLA infectious disease specialist Scott Filler M d. whose daughter Elan was looking for a project to work on during her summer break.
and compared the sequences to those obtained from HIV/AIDS patients with C. gattii infections.
because this fungal pathogen will be able to grow reproduce disperse spores and serve as a source of ongoing infections Springer said.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Duke university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Why major cow milk allergen is actually allergeniccow milk allergy occurs in children and in adults.
A specific protein in milk known as beta-lactoglobulin is able to initiate an allergy only when being devoid of iron.
The scientists discovered the same mechanism recently with regard to birch pollen allergy. Their findings help to decipher allergic reactions
and were published in the journal PLOS ONE. Milk allergy is confused frequently with lactose intolerance. However these are two entirely different mechanisms that occur in the body.
People with lactose intolerance do not digest lactose properly because they lack an enzyme known as lactase.
In the case of the potentially much more dangerous cow milk allergy however the body's immune system attacks milk proteins with its own Ige antibodies.
According to statistics about two to three percent of children in Europe suffer from a genuine milk allergy.
Less adults are diagnosed with the disease. The formation of so-called Th2 lymphocytes is initiated in these patients.
Hence people develop an allergic reaction to milk. Such an allergy may cause swelling of the mouth and mucous membranes diarrhea exacerbation of neurodermitis and in rare cases even an allergic shock.
Precise diagnostic investigation helps to differentiate between allergy and intolerance and thus avoid incorrect diets which under certain circumstances may cause malnutrition.
Lack of iron load transforms milk protein into allergenone of the most important milk allergens the so-called beta-lactoglobulin belongs to the protein family of lipocalins.
Lipocalins possess molecular pockets which are able to accommodate iron complexes. Iron is bound to the protein by so-called siderophores.
and may develop an allergic reaction to milk. Roth-Walter working at the department of Comparative Medicine at the Messerli Research Institute says:
Knowledge of the molecular structure of allergens has contributed very significantly to our conclusion about milk allergy.
An article published on August 21st in PLOS Pathogens examines the viral landscape in honeybee colonies in New zealand after the recent arrival of the parasitic Varroa destructor mite.
Uncontrolled Varroa infestation can thereby cause an accelerating virus epidemic and so kill a bee colony within two to three years.
The researchers say that the results of their study strengthen the idea that the multiple virus infestations in honeybees interact to create a dynamic and turbulent pathological landscape
Our data has become the most sensitive barometer of change during this poaching epidemic. We needed to quantify the scale of killing
A new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention finds that children between the ages of 2 and 18 are eating more whole fruits
When it is served over to young children it can cause diarrhea and contribute to obesity.
According to the 2013 State Indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables from the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion the average American eats one serving of fruit and 1. 3
Their short stature is caused not by a single genetic mutation as occurs in many forms of dwarfism
and a more focused immunosuppression regimen in the baboon recipients according to a study published in The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery an official publication of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery.
Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage heart failure. According to the NHLBI approximately 3000 people in the US are on the waiting list for a heart transplant
and experience issues with power supplies infection and problems with blood clots and bleeding. Transplantation using an animal organ
The second advance was the use of target-specific immunosuppression which limits rejection of the transplanted organ rather than the usual generalized immunosuppression
which is more toxic. Pigs were chosen because their anatomy is compatible with that of humans and they have a rapid breeding cycle among other reasons.
No complications including infections were seen in the longest-survival group. The researchers used surveillance video and telemetric monitoring to identify any symptoms of complications in all groups such as abdominal bleeding gastrointestinal bleeding aspiration pneumonia seizures or blood disorders.
The goal of the current study was to evaluate the viability of the transplants. The researchers'next step is to use hearts from the genetically-engineered pigs with the most effective immunosuppression in the current experiments to test
whether the pig hearts can sustain full life support when replacing the original baboon hearts.
Our study has demonstrated that by using hearts from genetically engineered pigs in combination with target-specific immunosuppression of recipient baboons organ survival can be prolonged significantly.
since 2009 Texas Children's has reduced significantly its rates of necrotizing enterocolitis one of the most devastating
and potentially fatal diseases a neonate can face by implementing a human milk feeding protocol for all infants weighing less than 3. 3 pounds.
An even larger group of 157000 youths ages 10 to 24 are treated for self-inflicted wounds each year.
Now as part of the largest quail disease study ever undertaken in the U s. scientists at The Institute of Environmental and Human Health at Texas Tech University believe they have found a major culprit.
The study part of multi-million-dollar Operation Idiopathic Decline and funded by the private Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation is titled Evidence of an Oxispirura petrowi Epizootic in Northern bobwhites
It was published in the Journal of Wildlife Diseases and provides evidence of how the parasitic outbreak began.
As a result of the massive die off in 2010 our board of directors made a decision to fund the first disease
Throughout the Rolling plains Kendall and others found a significant infection rate with the birds they trapped.
and feed predominantly in ducts behind the eye where they can cause severe inflammation and edema from their feeding activities.
We think infection with these eyeworms can negatively impact vision of quail. These birds need to be 100 percent performance ready to get away from a Cooper's hawk.
and if you have vision impairment it could negatively impact your ability to get away from a predator.
#Statistical model predicts performance of hybrid ricegenomic prediction a new field of quantitative genetics is a statistical approach to predicting the value of an economically important trait in a plant such as yield or disease resistance.
and Huazhong Agricultural University China has used the method to predict the performance of hybrid rice (for example the yield growth-rate and disease resistance).
Genomic prediction can be used to predict heritable human diseases. For example many cancers are heritable and genome prediction can be performed to predict disease risk for a person.
Xu was joined in the research by Qifa Zhang and his student Dan Zhu at Huazhong Agricultural University China.
Next the research team led by Xu and Zhang will design a field experiment to perform hybrid prediction in rice.
and Osaka universities who have come up with a simple way to spot contaminants. Because it's so easy to accidently introduce impurities into graphene labs led by physicists Junichiro Kono of Rice
and plant diseases have dramatically cut back coffee supplies. With a lower supply of coffee in the market prices rise and that favors fraud because of the economic gain says research team leader Suzana Lucy Nixdorf Ph d. In 2012 a study from the U k.'s Royal Botanic Gardens
#Wild sheep show benefits of putting up with parasitesin the first evidence that natural selection favors an individual's infection tolerance researchers from Princeton university
and the University of Edinburgh have found that an animal's ability to endure an internal parasite strongly influences its reproductive success. Reported in the journal PLOS Biology the finding could provide the groundwork for boosting the resilience of humans and livestock to infection.
The researchers used 25 years of data on a population of wild sheep living on an island in northwest Scotland to assess the evolutionary importance of infection tolerance.
and its level of infection with nematodes tiny parasitic worms that thrive in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep.
The level of infection was determined by the number of nematode eggs per gram of the animal's feces.
While all of the animals lost weight as a result of nematode infection the degree of weight loss varied widely:
and found that sheep with the highest tolerance to nematode infection produced the most offspring while sheep with lower parasite tolerance left fewer descendants.
To measure individual differences in parasite tolerance the researchers used statistical methods that could be extended to studies of disease epidemiology in humans said senior author Andrea Graham an assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology
Medical researchers have understood long that people with similar levels of parasite infection can experience very different symptoms.
and so have developed statistical tools to measure variation among hosts in the fitness consequences of infection.
Therefore tolerance to nematode infection could result from an ability to make up for the lost nutrition
While the PLOS Biology findings provide strong evidence that natural selection favors infection tolerance they do raise questions such as how the tolerance is generated
In humans and domesticated animals intestinal parasites are becoming increasingly resistant to the drugs used to treat infections Graham said.
Scientists are urgently trying to determine the causes of colony collapse disorder and the alarming population declines of honeybees.
As a result there has been a flurry of research on honeybee parasitic mite infestations viral diseases and the direct and indirect impacts of pesticides.
A key characteristic of colony collapse disorder is the incapacity of the honey bees to return to their hives
not only help reign in the current epidemic in West Africa but could be expanded easily and used if another filovirus strain started to spread.
Vaccines are the best way to completely eradicate an epidemic threat like Ebola says Matthias Schnell Ph d. Director of the Jefferson Vaccine Center and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Thomas Jefferson University.
But for those patients who already have the disease antibody-based therapies could be the best treatment--it's a way to give the body's own defenses time to ramp up.
in order to most effectively eradicate the threat of hemorrhagic fever. It includes the Zaire strain of Ebola virus that is currently spreading across West Africa as well as the Sudan strain and the Marburg virus a virus in the same family as Ebola
which causes a very similar disease. Already Dr. Schnell's group has developed the vaccine which showed good protection in nonhuman primates against the Zaire Ebola virus.
Vaccines however may only prevent the spread of the disease rather than help those who have contracted already the infection because of how quickly the disease progresses.
The lack of any significant biomagnification through the food chain indicates that there is very little risk of harm from exposure to these CUPS in this region.
Such legacy contaminants are banned now widely under the Stockholm Convention he said. But some have been replaced by CUPS
Contaminants Research Division. They examined the vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the area where the presence of other organic contaminants such as legacy pesticides
and fluorinated surfactants suggested that CUPS might be found in the vegetation and animals. Caribou are among the most important subsistence animals for people living in the North
Morris said these CUPS represent only a small percentage of contaminants in Arctic regions or in the environment globally.
However their unique set of properties does help us more clearly see how different contaminants behave in the environment
and in food chains compared to legacy contaminants. Morris has widened his research to include marine food chains
and therefore lower the risk of cardiovascular disease. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by St michael's Hospital.
when to spray fungicide to ward off diseases. Growers can use the system by logging onto www. agroclimate. org/tools/strawberry
Ekaterina Vorotnikova a doctoral student in food and resource economics worked on the study to identify how much the web tool could increase profits and yield by reducing spraying for anthracnose and botrytis two of the crop's deadliest diseases.
For example if conditions do not induce diseases growers sprayed unnecessarily wasting chemicals and labor and increasing production costs.
Third too much fungicide helps build chemical resistance for the disease Vansickle said. The study written by Vorotnikova Borisova
while other studies report no acute impairment The effects of inhaled nicotine in ECIG vapor can be similar to that of nicotine in tobacco smoke.
and disease resistance said Thomas Colquhoun an environmental horticulture assistant professor and study co-author. Developing a new blueberry variety can take more than 10 years so before investing that time scientists
#New methods to identify MRSA in pigsit is important to keep the number of MRSA infections at a low level.
Traditionally MRSA has been associated with severe infections which occur in hospitals and result in prolonged diseases and increased mortality.
However in recent years MRSA has spread to the rest of the community e g. MRSA CC398 is found in pig production.
which we normally use for treatment of Staphylococcus infections. In her Phd project at the National Food Institute Phd student Mette Theilgaard exploited the latest technologies within whole genome sequencing
Transfer of disease from animals to humansthe fact that MRSA can spread from animals to humans where they may result in infections has caused great concern in recent years.
LA-MRSA ST398 is zoonotic i e. it can be transferred directly from animals to humans and cause disease.
Thus it is not sufficient to eradicate the bacteria from humans. LA-MRSA ST398 has proven to be particularly successful in colonisation of pigs.
Staphylococcus aureus may cause various infections ranging from superficial wounds and abscesses to severe infections such as bone inflammation and infection of the heart valve.
In hospitals Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of infections following surgery. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Technical University of Denmark (DTU.
Giving hope against cancer? The state of Nayarit in Mexico is one of the major producers of soursop (Annona muricata) at national and global level
because in Mexico cancer is a disease that is increasing among the population and scientific research shows that the compounds found in this fruit can encapsulate tumors
but this depends on the how much is consumed. Montalvo Gonzã¡lez indicates that once the results are obtained the process could lead to the development of products derived from the soursop as ice cream yogurt juice or puree;
#Eating resistant starch may help reduce red meat-related colorectal cancer riskconsumption of a type of starch that acts like fiber may help reduce colorectal cancer risk associated with a high red meat diet
according to a study published in Cancer Prevention Research a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Red meat and resistant starch have opposite effects on the colorectal cancer-promoting mirnas the mir-17-92 cluster said Karen J. Humphreys Phd a research associate at the Flinders Center
for Innovation in Cancer at Flinders University in Adelaide Australia. This finding supports consumption of resistant starch as a means of reducing the risk associated with a high red meat diet.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Association for Cancer Research. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
but that any harm to kangaroo populations by hunting is outweighed by what they gain from a landscape with small patches of different ages of post-fire vegetation.
#Potential treatment, prevention of Parkinsons diseaseparkinson's disease affects neurons in the Substantia nigra brain region--their mitochondrial activity ceases and the cells die.
which is known to cause a Parkinson's like harm of mitochondria recovered after the addition of the two substances.
This gene originally thought of as an oncogene has been linked to Parkinson's disease since 2003. Recent studies showed that DJ-1 belongs to a novel glyxolase family.
and thus can prevent the degeneration of neurons implicated in Parkinson's disease. Their experiments proved that both substances are lifesavers for neurons:
It could serve as a protection against Parkinson's and is actually very tasty at the same time! This is why the researchers have filed a patent for their finding.
Many diseases are associated with a decline in mitochondrial activity not only Parkinson's. Thus the researchers believe that the DJ1-products could have a general role in protecting cells from decline.
#Clues to flus mechanisms uncovered: Scientists analyze how influenza-related proteins help infect cellsa flu virus acts like a Trojan horse as it attacks
and infects host cells. Scientists at Rice university and Baylor College of Medicine have acquired a clearer view of the well-hidden mechanism involved.
Their computer simulations may lead to new strategies to stop influenza perhaps even a one-size-fits-all vaccine.
The discovery detailed this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences shows the path taken by hemagglutinin a glycoprotein that rides the surface of the influenza virus as it releases fusion peptides to invade a host cell.
Hemagglutinin is folded completely at the start of the process of interest to researchers who study viral infection Ma said.
Ma said the key to stopping the flu could be to attack these intermediate structures.
this is the reason people need flu shots every year. But he suspects the inner part of the protein is conserved more highly.
Such agents could lead to a universal flu vaccine that would last a lifetime. He said the membrane fusion mechanism is shared widely among many biological systems
which makes influenza a good model for studying other diseases. HIV has one. Ebola has one.
And it's also shared by intercell transport in the nervous system Ma said. He noted the work could not have been done without CTBP
The National Science Foundation (NSF) the Welch Foundation the National institutes of health the Gillson-Longenbaugh Foundation and the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas supported the research.
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