The Ambrosia beetles may explain some of the long-range spread of the disease said Davis. One theory is that the beetles feed on an infected tree
And zinc and iron deficiency is a big global health problem already for at least 2 billion people.
and illnesses transmitted by food water and disease carriers such as mosquitoes and ticks. Some of these health impacts are already underway in the United states. Climate change will absent other changes amplify some of the existing health threats the Nation now faces.
or so others will increasingly suffer from stresses due to extreme heat drought disease and heavy downpours.
and can help reduce the harm to wildlife natural assets and human well-being that climate disruption might cause.
Warmer waters harm coral reefs and alter the distribution abundance and productivity of many marine species. The rising temperature and changing chemistry of ocean water combine with other stresses such as overfishing and coastal and marine pollution to alter marine-based food production
and harm fishing communitiesâ#In response to observed and projected climate impacts some existing ocean policies practices
A new study from Northwestern Medicineâ and Northeastern Illinois University found that the majority of college students are engaging in unhealthy behaviors that could increase their risk of cancer later on.
or more days of vigorous exercise for at least 20 minutes or five or more days of moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes a week Changing unhealthy behaviors in college students now could be a way to reduce the risk of cancer as well as other
diseases later in life said Brian Hitsman principal investigator of the study. Hitsman is an assistant professor in preventive medicine-behavioral medicine and psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Northwestern University Feinberg School of medicine and a member of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University.
Published online May 5 in the journal Preventive medicine the study is the first to evaluate cancer risk behaviors
and conditions in college students and how they vary by race and ethnicity. Data for the study comes from the fall 2010 wave of the National College Health Assessment a self-reported survey of a diverse group of more than 30000 college students in the United states. The majority of all college students
Tobacco use and obesity are two health issues that have been vying in the last five years for first place as the major health problem in the United states said Joseph Kang lead author of the study and assistant professor in preventive medicine-biostatistics at Feinberg.
Understanding cancer risk behavior clustering by race and ethnicity is given critical that the number of new cases is projected to increase by 45 percent by 2030
and surpass heart disease as the leading causes of death in the United states. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2014.
The state of cancer care in America 2014: a report by the American Society of Clinical Oncology.
If left unaddressed in college students there is potential for cancer rates to escalate even higher. There are major cancer disparities both in terms of risk morbidity
and mortality with racial and ethnic minorities in the United states Hitsman said. In this study we see some of these behavioral risk factors already starting in young adulthood.
Future research should monitor the persistence of cancer risk behavior clustering by race and ethnicity.
and Elli Slaughter advocate to curb the environmental harm done through the large-scale littering of cigarette butts packaging and matches.
It is not only the cigarette ingredients that harm the environment but also the materials they are made of.
The researchers call filtered cigarettes a farce in terms of consumer safety with a recent National Cancer Institute review showing that these are not healthier
and the Cancer Coalition of South Georgia sought to examine the home food environment and determine which aspects are associated with healthy eating in low-income overweight and obese women who receive healthcare through local federally-qualified community health centers.
#Factors leading to diabetes may contribute to milk supply problems for new mothersnew studies provide fresh evidence that the same factors that lead to diabetes contribute to low milk supply in some new mothers.
The study found that women diagnosed with low milk supply were 2. 5 times more likely to have experienced gestational diabetes compared to women seen at the clinic solely
also affects lactation sufficiency--even among women who did not experience diabetes in pregnancy. She found that elevated body mass index elevated fasting insulin insulin resistance
and especially elevated fasting plasma glucose in the pre-diabetic range were all predictors of insufficient milk supply in women attempting to exclusively breastfeed.
However one consequence of the obesity epidemic is that nearly one out of every four reproductive-aged women is pre-diabetic.
Dr. Nommsen-Rivers and Dr. Riddle are planning to conduct a clinical trial of metformin a drug used to control blood sugar in type 2 diabetes.
whether metformin by improving insulin action in the mammary gland will boost milk production in pre-diabetic mothers diagnosed with low milk supply.
and often infected by fleas with plague bacteria Knutie says. Permethrin has been sprayed in burrows but that is labor-intensive so it might be used on vegetation the animals drag into their burrows.
Knutie says permethrin-treated cotton has been used in the Northeast to get mice to incorporate it in their nests to kill Lyme disease-carrying ticks.
When applied to Salmonella-contaminated tomato plants in a field study the bacterium known as Paenibacillus alvei significantly reduced the concentration of the pathogen compared to controls.
Since the millennium this pathogen has caused 12 multistate outbreaks of food-borne illness--more than one each year.
This bacterium also has known no history of human pathology making it a great candidate as a biological control agent says Zheng.
While farmers and agricultural scientists have used long microbes to prevent plant diseases we now have the opportunity to add a naturally-occurring microbe to a crop in the field with the goal of preventing human disease says Zheng.
#Glutamine ratio is key ovarian cancer indicatora Rice university-led analysis of the metabolic profiles of hundreds of ovarian tumors has revealed a new test to determine
The study also suggests how ovarian cancer treatments can be tailored based on the metabolic profile of a particular tumor.
The research which appears online this week in Molecular Systems Biology was conducted at the Texas Medical center in Houston by researchers from Rice the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Baylor College of Medicine.
and highly aggressive ovarian tumor cells particularly with respect to their production and use of the amino acid glutamine said lead researcher Deepak Nagrath of Rice.
The research is part of a growing effort among cancer researchers worldwide to create treatments that target the altered metabolism of cancer cells.
and researchers long believed that all cancers behaved in this way. Intense research in recent decades has revealed a more nuanced picture.
Each type of cancer appears to have its own metabolic signature Nagrath said. For instance kidney cancer does not rely on glutamine
and though breast cancer gets some of its energy from glutamine it gets even more from glycolysis.
For other cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer glutamine appears to be the primary energy source.
Nagrath director of Rice's Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases said the new metabolic analysis indicates that ovarian cancer may be susceptible to multidrug cocktails particularly
if the amounts of the drugs can be tailored to match the metabolic profile of a patient's tumor.
The research also revealed a specific biochemical test that pathologists could use to guide such treatments.
The test involves measuring the ratio between the amount of glutamine that a cell takes up from outside
A high ratio was correlated directly to tumor aggression and metastatic capability. Patients with this profile had the worst prognosis for survival.
The three-year study included cell culture studies at Rice as well as a detailed analysis of gene expression profiles of more than 500 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas and protein-expression profiles from about 200
Nagrath said the study also revealed another key finding--a direct relationship between glutamine and an ovarian cancer biomarker called STAT3.
and signaling is vital to developing novel strategies to tackle cancer said MD Anderson co-author Prahlad Ram associate professor of systems biology and co-director of the MD Anderson Cancer Center's Systems Biology
STAT3 is the primary marker that is used today to ascertain malignancy tumor aggression and metastasis in ovarian cancer.
Nagrath said The higher STAT3 is the more aggressive the cancer. For the first time we were able to show how glutamine regulates STAT3 expression through a well-known metabolic pathway called the TCA cycle
Ultimately he hopes the investigations will lead to new treatment regimens for cancer as well as a better understanding of the role of cancer-cell metabolism in metastasis and drug resistance.
#Antimicrobial edible films inhibit pathogens in meatantimicrobial agents incorporated into edible films applied to foods to seal in flavor freshness
and nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens associated with meat and poultry. The results demonstrate that the bacterial pathogens were inhibited significantly by the use of the antimicrobial films said Catherine Cutter professor of food science.
She hopes that the research will lead to the application of edible antimicrobial films to meat and poultry either before packaging or more likely as part of the packaging process.
In the study which was published online in the April issue of the Journal of Food Science researchers determined survivability of bacterial pathogens after treatment with 2 percent oregano essential oil 2 percent rosemary essential oil
and the researchers determined the antimicrobial activity of these films against bacterial pathogens inoculated onto petri dishes.
and poultry products with bacterial pathogens treated them with the pullulan films containing the essential oils
#Involvement of gene in lentivirus infections of sheep, goats has been establishedin her Phd thesis Helena Crespo-Otano has studied the mechanism of the action of the small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) a type of virus
in the same family as HIV and which infects sheep and goat species. Lentiviruses are viruses responsible for slow infections that damage the immune system and
which cause a range of clinical symptoms (nervous pulmonary arthritic and mammary). The thesis is entitled Papel del receptor de la manosa y de la polarizaciã n de macrã fagos en la infecciã n por
lentivirus de pequeã os rumiantes Role of the mannose receptor and the polarization of macrophages due to lentivirus infection in small ruminants.
As Helena Crespo explained what is observed in the flocks infected by the small ruminant lentivirus is a fall in productivity an increase in mortality caused by secondary infections
or treatments to combat infections of this type so innate immunity factors are being studied as an effective alternative to treat
or prevent these infections. The cells of the immune system like the macrophages have mechanisms to counteract the infection.
For example in their membranes they have so-called pathogen pattern recognition receptors which enable them to recognise
and neutralise them pointed out the researcher. Specifically the so-called MR (mannose receptor) could be a safe door of entry for certain bacteria protozoa parasites and viruses like SRLVS into the target cell
which would encourage infection and the development of associated pathologies. In this context the thesis deals in depth with hitherto unknown aspects of infection by small ruminant leniviruses.
We have identified and characterised the ovine MR gene and have determined its involvement in the entry of the virus into the cells that express it.
The author of the work studied the role played by this molecule in the development of various pathologies associated with infection So after analysing the MR expression in 124 tissue samples from 31 animals we saw that there was a greater expression of the mannose receptor in the more affected organs.
Furthermore it was observed that the infection induces M2 polarisation which favours the establishing and evolution of the disease opening up the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets to combat lentiviral infections.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Elhuyar Fundazioa. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length n
which plants are able to better defend themselves against disease-causing pathogens. The work led by Dr Jurriaan Ton
BABA has long been known for its protective effects against devastating plant diseases such as potato blight but has so far not been used widely in crop protection because of undesirable side effects.
Binding of the chemical to this protein triggers a secondary function that'primes'the plant immune system against future attacks by pests and diseases.
which most conventional breeding programs are based is comparably easy to overcome by a pathogen. By contrast priming of multi-genic immunity by BABA is difficult to break
However this low amount of herbage allowance did not cause any health problems. It is therefore economically sensible to increase concentrate feeding
Currently we have situations where people get infections they die from because the antibiotics are not effective anymore.
The bacteria that caused the infections are multi-drug resistant. According to a 2013 report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www. cdc. gov/drugresistance/threat-report-2013) at least 2 million people become infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria
and at least 23000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections in the United states. Currently two places where antibiotics are used most widely are hospitals
and food animal production facilities Zurek said. Antibiotics in food animal production are used not only to treat infections in animals
but also in helping animals grow. Antibiotics in low doses are added as feed additives primarily in poultry
There are likely many other potential environmental connections as well so it's hard to pinpoint specific infections
and in human infections Zurek said but because antibiotic resistance in human infections is such a serious global health problem that has led to higher patient mortality rates prolonged hospitalization
and increased healthcare costs it needs to be tackled from many angles. Clearly pest management and trying to minimize the pest populations on farms
mitigating genetic risk for diabetesas the number of people with type 2 diabetes continues to rise
and its toll increases scientists are scrambling to unravel the complex genetic and lifestyle factors behind the disease.
A new study finds that African american children with a genetic predisposition to diabetes may be able to reduce their risk by getting the USDA-recommended dose of calcium.
Even though life expectancy for people with diabetes has gone up the disease has a significant impact on quality of life
so finding ways to prevent people from developing diabetes is said critical Laura Tosi M d. director of the bone health program at Children's National Medical center and one of the study's lead investigators.
We were excited to find that higher calcium intake appears to mitigate the impact of some of the risk genes for type 2 diabetes
An estimated 25 million people in the United states have diabetes or about 1 in 12 people.
and the trajectory for the disease is often set in childhood. The researchers analyzed DNA samples detailed nutrition information body mass index
and other health indicators in 142 African american children age 5-9. None of the study participants were diabetic
Among children who tested positive for gene variants known to be associated with type 2 diabetes those who consumed higher amounts of calcium had a significantly lower body mass index and percent body fat than those with lower
Body mass index and percent body fat are strong indicators of a child's risk for developing diabetes later in life.
Co-investigator Joseph Devaney Ph d. said the study could help lead to a more personalized approach to diabetes prevention.
or her specific risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes and then develop a targeted preventative approach to mitigate those risk factors with specific lifestyle interventions such as increasing calcium intake
or related dietary factors may cause epigenetic changes that affect how the diabetes-linked genes are expressed.
and environmental factors in children is especially helpful for a disease as complex as diabetes said Devaney.
By the time an adult is diagnosed with diabetes there are usually numerous risk factors that need to be addressed.
or at least delay full-blown disease said Devaney. Joseph Devaney presented the findings during the Experimental Biology 2014 meeting on Monday April 28.
#Technological advancements extend long-term survival of transplanted hearts across speciescardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for end stage heart failure.
and have issues with power supplies infection and both clotting and hemolysis. Transplantation using an animal organ
The researchers'next step is to use hearts from the same GE pigs with the same immunosuppression utilized in the current experiments to test their ability to provide full life support by replacing the original baboon heart.
If successful this method could change the current transplant paradigm eliminating the shortage of donor organs including hearts livers kidneys intestine as well as insulin producing cells for treatment of diabetes concludes Dr. Mohiuddin.
because they open the door for potential disease mitigation strategies that center around lowering ethylene emission rates on berries to reduce decay.
and animals and is found in many foods--on weed control efficacy crop injury and squash yields of yellow squash.
Analyses showed that increasing the PA application rate increased the crop injury rating at 1 and 3 days after each application;
maximum squash injury occurred for each application rate at 9 days after treatment. Yield analysis found that the 10-lb/acre PA treatment produced the highest squash yields
This research determined that a sequential postdirected application of pelargonic acid at 10-lb/acre in 40-gal/acre can consistently produce satisfactory weed control with low crop injury to produce weed-free
Data like these have prompted Neiker-Tecnalia to explore the disease in depth in order to find out the types of races existing across Spain as a first step towards improving the effectiveness of the fight against this fungus.
Neiker-Tecnalia has in recent years been detecting new races of the pathogen with a hitherto unseen aggressiveness
while its development tends to be halted by temperatures over 27-30 Â C. Control methodskeeping an eye on the meteorological periods that encourage the development of the disease is helpful
The current trend consists of comprehensively controlling the disease by combining the systems for predicting the periods during the year that are more advantageous as far as the disease
Plant lesions become visible on day five following an attack by the fungus. The symptoms can be seen firstly on the lower leaves where a light-green
The lesions then spread across the remaining surface of the leaf and can be seen in the form of dark green grey-brown or black patches.
Rising sea levels coastal flooding and tidal waves cause danger to life and risk of injury and hinder livelihoods in low-lying coastal areas and in small island nations.
Recent estimates indicate nearly one-third of U s. children are overweight or obese raising their risk of obesity in adulthood and a host of associated health problems.
#Critical end-stage liver disease discovery madea team of researchers in the University of Arizona's College of Pharmacy has discovered a molecular pathway that could be key to creating new therapeutics that would slow or even reverse
the progression of end-stage liver disease. Although cirrhosis of the liver is associated most commonly with alcohol or drug abuse the condition--marked by scar tissue replacing healthy liver tissue--also can result from viral hepatitis obesity and diabetes as well as certain inherited diseases.
According to the National institutes of health cirrhosis is the 12th leading cause of death by disease in the U s as with many other human pathologic conditions end-stage liver disease goes hand in hand with oxidative stress
which refers to damage inflicted to biological tissues by reactive oxygen molecules. Such molecules also called free radicals occur naturally as a byproduct of metabolic processes in the body
and are associated with many chronic diseases including cancer diabetes neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Cells keep oxidative stress under control through various mechanisms said Donna Zhang a professor in the UA Department of Pharmacology
and Toxicology explaining that most of these mechanisms involve Nrf2 a protein present in virtually every cell that acts as a molecular switch.
During liver cirrhosis Nrf2 should be induced by oxidative stress but for reasons unclear until this study this does not happen.
Somehow the protective mechanism mediated by Nrf2 is compromised by another factor other than Keap1 in liver cirrhosis. Adding to the mystery is the fact that drugs aimed at inhibiting Keap1 from chewing up Nrf2 have proven ineffective in a cirrhotic liver.
It turned out that another enzyme chews up Nrf2 and prevents the much-needed antioxidant response exacerbating the disease process.
As liver cirrhosis progresses excessive inflammation triggers the garbage-mediated stress response and Hrd1 becomes very abundant
In laboratory experiments Zhang and her colleagues were able to restore Nrf2 levels in cirrhotic liver tissue by inactivating Hrd1 effectively reversing liver cirrhosis in mice.
The study Hrd1 suppresses Nrf2-mediated cellular protection during liver cirrhosis is published in the April 1 issue of the journal Genes and Development.
The double-blind randomized clinical trial included 16 healthy subjects ages 19 to 30 to assess
and oft-studied plant Arabidopsis puts out a molecular signal that invites an attack from a pathogen.
In tomatoes the infection leads to unsightly brown spots. Peck's team at the University of Missouri had discovered a mutant type of the plant known as Arabidopsis mkp1
which is resistant to infection by Pseudomonas syringae. The Missouri and PNNL groups compared levels of metabolites in Arabidopsis to those in the mutant mkp1 form of the plant.
Peck's group used those findings as a guide to find the compounds that had the biggest effect--a combination that invites infection.
But when the combination of acids is introduced onto mkp1 it quickly becomes a target for infection.
Our results now show that the plant can also disguise itself from pathogen recognition by removing the signals needed by the pathogen to become fully virulent.
The same molecular machinery employed by Pseudomonas syringae is used also by a host of microbes to cause diseases that afflict people including salmonella the plague respiratory disease and chlamydia.
and are more resistant to infection. Also a better understanding of the signals that microbes use helps scientists who rely on such organisms for converting materials like switchgrass and wood chips into useable fuel.
There isn't a single solution for disease resistance in the field which is part of the reason these findings are said important Peck.
Limited exposure to hydrogen sulfide causes sore throats shortness of breath and dizziness according to the researchers. The human nose quickly becomes desensitized to hydrogen sulfide leading to an inability to detect higher concentrations.
When pumped out of a production well the particles can be analyzed with a spectrometer to determine the level of contamination This paper is a big step
#Combination of alcohol, tobacco increases risk of esophageal cancerthe rate of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) nearly doubles in those who both smoke
and tobacco in the risk of ESCC a class of esophageal cancer that begins in the flat cells lining the esophagus.
and tobacco play an important role in the development of esophageal cancer the combination of their use markedly increases their potency as carcinogens.
As a result we as physicians should focus efforts directed at controlling the burden of esophageal cancer on those who consume both of these substances said lead author Anoop Prabhu MD Advanced Endoscopy Fellow at the Icahn School of medicine at Mount sinai
According to the National Cancer Institute it is estimated in 2014 there will be over 18000 new cases of esophageal cancer in the United states and over 15000 deaths from the disease.
when these genes appear in the types of pathogenic bacteria that cause food-borne illnesses
or hospital infections Since there is a connection between AR genes found in environmental bacteria and bacteria in hospitals we wanted to know what kind of bacteria are released into the environment via this route of manure fertilization says Fabienne Wichmann lead study author and former postdoctoral researcher at Yale university in New haven Connecticut.
The team also found an entire new family of AR genes that confer resistance to chloramphenicol antibiotics which are used commonly to treat respiratory infections in livestock.
Alternatively benign bacteria in manure might transfer resistance genes to pathogens at any point along the path--in manure soil food or humans.
or delay the onset of heart disease hypertension osteoporosis and Type 2 Diabetes while six in 10 associate it with benefits linked to age-related memory loss cancer and Alzheimer's disease (MSI 2012a).
Last year 56 percent of consumers bought foods or beverages that targeted a specific condition
and one-third believe protein boosts metabolism and aids in fat burning. Gen Zen: Today's Millennials between the ages of 14 and 33 view their food choices as healthier more expensive more natural/organic less processed better tasting and fresh (Hartman 2013c.
and the use of marijuana while also working to reduce any related social ills. A new study published online by the American Journal of Public health outlines how regulations on alcohol
and addiction how to restrict contaminants in marijuana products and how to discourage the dual use of marijuana and alcohol particularly in public settings.
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