Nanotech

Nano (553)
Nanoelectronic (3)
Nanotube (64)

Synopsis: Nanotech:

pushing saltwater through a membrane) and now to the utilization of carbon nanotechnology, which also reduces energy use (though not waste).

Nano-Medics The medical problems most people have can be traced to a single cell or a small group of them.

Health professionals capable of working on the nano-level, both in designing diagnostics systems, remedies, and monitoring solutions will be in high demand. 23.

Nano-Weapons Specialists Many of the weapons of the future will be too small to be seen by the human eye.

While scientists are developing skills to work with nanoscale precision on the earth s surface the best we can muster below the surface is blindfolded guesswork done with 100-mile precision.

Scientists from MIT have discovered that by coating carbon nanotubes in bee venom, they can create ultra-sensitive detectors for explosives such as TNT,

But the sensors arent just useful for explosives#the researchers found that the coated nanotubes can also detect two pesticides that contain nitro-aromatic compounds.

Cracked Egg refractory inclusion was sent to Dr. Chi Ma at California Institute of technology (Caltech) for very detailed nano-mineralogy investigation.

She s studying ways to use biological nanowires to transfer the extra energy from the light-harvesting cell into another cell that s genetically engineered to produce fuel or food.

The nanowires would be analogous to electrical transmission lines, distributing power from one part of the grid to another.

and spread on a glass substrate that s covered in a forest of zinc oxide nanowires and titanium dioxide sponges.#

and the nanowires carry the electricity away. In essence, Mershin has replaced the layer of silicon in conventional photovoltaic cells with a slurry of photosynthesizing molecules.

zoom powers down to a near-nano scale, and flexible data-capture sensors built-in. The fashion options here will be incredible. 3.)Self-moving Fabrics It will no longer be good enough for smart fabrics to merely collect

and reform themselves accordingly. 4.)Nano-Netting Using super strong fibers so small that they are invisible to the human eye,

nano-netting will provide a fibrous support structure that is visually non-intrusive but capable of keeping out insects, birds,

because nano-sized technology is tough to display. Final Thoughts To be sure, there were many impressive technologies on display at CES

Nanotech-based manufacturing is used widely, altering the economy as products (from micro-batteries to phones

Food in Qatar is assembled commonly by nanomachines. This food is externally indistinguishable from natural food.

NBD Nano s Atmospheric Water Generation The 2012 NBD Nano Competition NBD Nano http://www. nbdnano. com/Last year MIT worked with NBD

Nano on a competition to devise future uses for their super condensation technology. In total, they received 81 entries, some

NBD Nano had developed a unique surface coating comprised of patterned superhydrophilic (water loving) and superhydrophobic (water hating) surfaces,

on the nanoscale. Together these surfaces dramatically increased the efficiency of moisture condensation and, by extension, harvesting water from air.

Nano-Netting Using super strong fibers so small that they are invisible to the human eye,

nano-netting will provide a fibrous support structure that is visually non-intrusive but capable of keeping out insects, birds,

Preliminary results were published in the journal ACS Nano. The tags, which are roughly the size of a corn kernel,

Nano-Medics The medical problems most people have can be traced to a single cell or a small group of them.

Health professionals capable of working on the nano-level, both in designing diagnostics systems, remedies, and monitoring solutions will be in high demand. 111.

Nano-Weapons Specialists Many of the weapons of the future will be too small to be seen by the human eye. 158.

While scientists are developing skills to work with nanoscale precision on the earth s surface, the best we can muster below the surface is blindfolded guesswork done with 100-mile precision. 160.

Living nature is full of engineering marvels from the micro to the macro scale that have inspired mankind for centuries says Bharat Bhushan senior author of the study and director of the Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio-and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics

-and nano-sized features that repel and direct water in one direction says Bixler. This is accomplished with a combination of grooves

because the feathers contain nanometer-scale protein structures that break up incoming light waves recombine and reflect them as rich vibrant colors.

They create metal structures with nanoscale grooves that produce iridescent colors but also trap the light so that viewers can see the intended colors from all angles.

They etched nanoscale grooves on a piece of glass with the same technology used to etch computer chips.

The gold found in plants are nanoparticles so there may be great potential for the chemical industry which uses gold nanoparticles as catalysts for chemical reactions Anderson said.

Our research at the Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology at Nottingham University s Malaysia Campus is making these natural products into nano-forms or submicron particles to control postharvest diseases.

It is only a matter of time before nano solar cells produced from 3d printing will deliver wearable clothing

Business watch In September, French company Arkema became the latest carbon-nanotube manufacturer this year to announce plans for a drastic scaling up of production.

Despite the materials'present reliance on the mixed fortunes of the automobile industry, the market for carbon nanotubes as raw materials looks set to grow rapidly.

California, announced in June that its Beijing facility is now producing 500 tonnes of multiwalled nanotubes annually;

global nanotube production will have doubled by 2011 from around 800 tonnes per year at present. Many of these raw nanotubes are multiwalled,

and are used to make light, strong, composite materials. But a host of smaller companies such as Nanocyl, based in Sambreville,

the biennial prizes consist of US$1 million each for nanoscience, neuroscience and astrophysics. http://www. kavliprize. no/7-11 june Governments meet in Busan, South korea,

informatics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and food safety, in addition to developing better ways to feed the world. Agricultural scientists believe it

Nanomaterial rivals hardness of diamondan article by Scientific American. It s only a matter of time before a movie villain pulling off the crime of the century needs a cutting tool that is harder than anything else On earth.

Now a new set of experiments on a nanostructured form of boron nitride have yielded even greater measures of hardness than before.

the nanotwin segments are just 3. 8 nanometers wide on average. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter.

The researchers fabricated their samples from round nanoparticles of boron nitride in which the atoms of nitrogen and boron form an onionlike structure of nested layers.

Pressed into macroscopic pellets and subjected to intense pressure and heat, the nanoparticles coalesced into tiny grains comprising numerous twin domains.

The onionlike precursors, Tian explains, contain numerous defects where crystals can nucleate under high temperature and pressure but resist rapid crystal growth,

but less hard than polycrystalline diamonds made of nanoscale grains. But Natalia Dubrovinskaia, a crystallographer at the University of Bayreuth in Germany, notes that measuring the properties of superhard materials is problematic

for instance, which the new study s authors used to measure the hardness of nano-twinned boron nitride,

The data in the new study only show how the nano-twinned boron nitride responded to indentation loads with up to seven newtons of force."

and her colleagues reported in 2007 for another high-pressure, high-temperature synthesis of nanostructured boron nitride.

The approach could even be used in nanotechnology, by making engineered nanobots that are dependent on a proprietary raw material.

According to the web data from Kyoto on http://www. antarctica. ac. uk/Satelliterisks/lastweek. html the average magnetic intensity at the equator has dropped by some 350 nt (nano-Tesla) in a region where the total

In April Olguin's team released Project Cyborg a Web-based platform geared toward nanoscale molecular modeling and simulations for cellular biology.

and bovine cells in the shape of an ear incorporating silver nanoparticles to form a coiled antenna.

operations bots cleaning bots repair bots security bots all built atom-by-atom with nanotech.

while the Narrbots (Nano Replicator and Repair Bots) are busy fixing my link. I hope its automated systems keep it safe.

I'd rather just use nanotech to keep the body i have right now alive for eternity!!!

Merging Nanoscience and Neuroscience for Technology and Healthã¢Â# and dated in 2011 and posted in the Columbia University Academic Commons the proponents ultimately seek to determine how the brain computes by creation of a detailed anatomical highway map of the brain.

âÂ#Âoebeyond these immediate next steps we envision working towards the ultimate development of subsequent generations of untethered nanoscale neural probes that can locally acquire process

At the surface the newly developed steel is composed of grains that are 96 nanometers wide or about 1000 times thinner than a sheet of paper.

In 2011 California-based Aerovironment demoed its Nano Hummingbird. The aircraft has a 16.5-centimeter wingspan;

Unlike the much larger Instanteye Nano Hummingbird and Dragonfly drones Robobees must be connected to an external power source.

The nanocrystals are about 3 nanometers wide by 500 nanometers long --or about 1/1000th the width of a grain of sand--making them too small to study with light microscopes

The cellulose nanocrystals represent a potential green alternative to carbon nanotubes for reinforcing materials such as polymers and concrete.

With this in mind cellulose nanomaterials are inherently renewable sustainable biodegradable and carbon-neutral like the sources from

and polymers as well as nanocellulose. Tom Kenyon South australia's Minister for Manufacturing Innovation and Trade commended VTT's contribution:

#Scientists scale terahertz peaks in nanotubescarbon nanotubes carry plasmonic signals in the terahertz range of the electromagnetic spectrum

In new research the Rice university laboratory of physicist Junichiro Kono disproved previous theories that dominant terahertz response comes from narrow-gap semiconducting nanotubes.

Knowing that metallic or doped nanotubes respond with plasmonic waves at terahertz frequencies opens up the possibility that the tubes can be used in a wide array of optoelectronic amplifiers detectors polarizers and antennas.

The work by Kono and his Rice colleagues appeared online recently in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.

Scientists have long been aware of a terahertz peak in nanotubes the tiny cylinders of rolled-up carbon that show so much promise for advanced materials.

But experiments on batches of nanotubes which generally grow in a willy-nilly array of types failed to reveal why it was there.

because researchers were only able to experiment on mixed batches of nanotube types said Qi Zhang a graduate student in Kono's group

Rice's growing expertise in separating nanotubes by type allowed Kono and his group to test for terahertz peaks in batches of pure metallic nanotubes known as armchairs as well as nonmetallic semiconducting tubes.

Metallic carbon nanotubes are expected to show plasmon resonance in the terahertz and infrared range but no group has demonstrated clearly the existence of plasmons in carbon nanotubes Zhang said.

Previously people proposed one possible explanation--that the terahertz peak is due to interband absorption in the small band gaps in semiconducting nanotubes.

We rejected that in this paper. Plasmons are free electrons on the surface of metals like gold silver

or even aluminum nanoparticles that when triggered by a laser or other outside energy ripple like waves in a pond.

Strong waves can trigger plasmon responses in adjacent nanoparticles. They are being investigated at Rice and elsewhere for use in sophisticated electronic and medical applications.

The Kono group's research showed plasmons rippling at terahertz frequencies only along the length of a nanotube but not across its width.

The researchers previously used this fact to demonstrate that aligned carbon nanotubes act as an excellent terahertz polarizer with performance better than commercial polarizers based on metallic grids.

Nanotubes can be thousands of times longer than they are wide and the ability to grow them

or to dope semiconducting nanotubes to add free carriers would make the tubes highly tunable for terahertz frequencies Kono said.

We will be making various terahertz devices architectures and systems based on carbon nanotube plasmons. Rice alumni Erik Há

and computer engineering and of physics and astronomy and of materials science and nanoengineering. The Department of energy the National Science Foundation and the Robert A. Welch Foundation supported the research.

Because aluminum as nanoparticles or nanostructures displays optical resonances across a much broader region of the spectrum than

and some studies have shown dramatic discrepancies between the resonant color of fabricated nanostructured aluminum and theoretical predictions.

One paper by the labs of Rice scientists Naomi Halas and Peter Nordlander Aluminum for Plasmonics demonstrates that the color of aluminum nanoparticles depends not only on their size and shape but also critically on their oxide content.

They have shown that in fact the color of an aluminum nanoparticle provides direct evidence of the amount of oxidation of the aluminum material itself.

The paper appears in the American Chemical Society (ACS) journal ACS Nano. Manufacturing pure aluminum nanoparticles has been a roadblock in their development for plasmonics

but the Halas lab created a range of disk-shaped particles from 70 to 180 nanometers in diameter to test their properties.

The researchers found that while gold nanoparticles'plasmons resonate in visible wavelengths from 550 to 700 nanometers

and silver from 350 to 700 aluminum can reach into the ultraviolet to about 200 nanometers.

The labs also characterized the weakening effect of naturally occurring but self-passivating oxidation on aluminum surfaces.

But for pure aluminum the oxide is so hard and impermeable that once you form a three-nanometer sheet of oxide the process stops.

The reason we use gold and silver in nanoscience is that they don't oxidize. But finally with aluminum nature has given us something we can exploit Nordlander said.

when in the form of a nanomatryushka multilayer nanoparticles named for the famous Russian nesting dolls.

The paper appeared recently in the ACS journal Nano Letters. In addition to being a cheap and tunable material it exhibits quantum mechanical effects at larger more accessible

By small Nordlander means well below a single nanometer (a billionth of a meter. With the gap between core

and shell in a gold nanomatryushka at about half a nanometer he and lead author Vikram Kulkarni a Rice graduate student found electrons gained the capability to tunnel from one layer to another in the nanoparticle.

A 50 percent larger gap in aluminum allowed for the same quantum effect. In both cases quantum tunneling through the gap allowed plasmons to resonate as though the core

The calculations should be of great interest to those who use nanoparticles as probes in Raman spectroscopy where quantum tunneling between particles can dampen electric fields

The spikes inherited from sunflower pollen provide short range adhesion--over nanoscale distances --while the oxide chemistry provides an adhesion mode that operates over much longer distances--up to one millimeter.

or adhere to surfaces via Van der waals forces at nanometer-scale distances Sandhage explained. The researchers washed the burrlike pollen particles with chloroform methanol hydrochloric acid

Those colossal cages may be only nanometers wide but the molecules they can store that the lab looked at--hydrogen methane

Images showing the storage of oil in droplets were produced using microscopes housed at Brookhaven's Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) also supported by BES.

or in the soil where it through a nanoporous membrane exchanges moisture with its environment and maintains an equilibrium pressure that the chip measures.

and in Hungary Slovenia and India reported their results this week in the online edition of the American Chemistry Society journal ACS Nano.

Tour's breakthrough unzipping technique for turning multiwalled carbon nanotubes into GNRS first revealed in Nature in 2009 has been licensed for industrial production.

But the overlapping 200-to 300-nanometer-wide ribbons dispersed so well that they were nearly as effective as large-sheet graphene in containing gas molecules.

The paper appears this week in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Nano. Carbyne is a chain of carbon atoms held together by either double

and a bottom or hollow nanotubes that have an inside and outside. According to the portrait drawn from calculations by Yakobson and his group:*

*It has twice the tensile stiffness of graphene and carbon nanotubes and nearly three times that of diamond.*

or an ultimately thin nanotube he said. It could be useful for nanomechanical systems in spintronic devices as sensors as strong and light materials for mechanical applications or for energy storage.

For carbon that would be followed graphite by diamond then nanotubes then fullerenes. But nobody asks about the highest energy configuration.

Yakobson is Rice's Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science a professor of chemistry and a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.

Metal fatigue for example--which can result from an accumulation of nanoscale cracks over time--is probably the most common failure mode for structural metals in general he says.

Nano-thin films of hexagonal boron nitride protect materials from oxidizingatomically thin sheets of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have the handy benefit of protecting

At a few nanometers wide they're a totally noninvasive coating. They take almost no space at all.

#Waviness explains why carbon nanotube forests have low stiffnessa new study has found that waviness in forests of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes dramatically reduces their stiffness answering a longstanding question surrounding the tiny structures.

Instead of being a detriment the waviness may make the nanotube arrays more compliant and therefore useful as thermal interface material for conducting heat away from future high-powered integrated circuits.

Measurements of nanotube stiffness which is influenced by a property known as modulus had suggested that forests of vertically-aligned nanotubes should have a much higher stiffness than

and on buckling of the nanotubes under compression. However based on experiments scanning electron microscope SEM) imaging and mathematical modeling the new study found that kinked sections of nanotubes may be the primary mechanism reducing the modulus.

We believe that the mechanism making these nanotubes more compliant is a tiny kinkiness in their structure said Suresh Sitaraman a professor in the Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering at the Georgia Institute of technology.

Although they appear to be perfectly straight under high magnification we found waviness in the carbon nanotubes that we believe accounts for the difference in

what is measured versus what would be expected. The research which was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was published online August 31 2013 in the journal Carbon.

Carbon nanotubes provide many attractive properties including high electrical and thermal conductivity and high strength.

Individual carbon nanotubes have a modulus ranging from 100 gigapascals to 1. 5 terapascals. Arrays of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes with a low density would be expected to a have an effective modulus of at least five to 150 gigapascals Sitaraman said

but scientists have measured typically values that are four orders or magnitude less--between one and 10 megapascals.

and Ph d. students Nicholas Ginga and Wei Chen studied forests of carbon nanotubes grown atop a silicon substrate then covered the tips of the structures with another layer of silicon.

They then used sensitive test apparatus--a nanoindenter--to compress samples of the nanotubes and measure their stiffness.

Alternately they also placed samples of the silicon-nanotube sandwiches under tensile stress--pulling them apart instead of compressing them.

whether the nanotube sandwiches were compressed or pulled apart. That suggests growth issues or buckling could not fully account for the differences observed.

To look for potential explanations the researchers examined the carbon nanotubes using scanning electron microscopes located in Georgia Tech's Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology facilities.

At magnification of 10000 times they saw the waviness in sections of the nanotubes. We found very tiny kinks in the carbon nanotubes said Sitaraman.

Although they appeared to be perfectly straight there was waviness in them. The more waviness we saw the lower their stiffness was.

They also noted that under compression the nanotubes contact one another influencing nanotube behavior. These observations were modeled mathematically to help explain what was being seen across the different conditions studied.

We took into account the contact between the carbon nanotubes said Chen. This allowed us to investigate the extreme conditions under which the deformation of nanotubes is constrained by the presence of neighboring nanotubes in the forest.

Though the loss of modulus might seem like a problem it actually may be helpful in thermal management applications Sitaraman said.

The compliance of the nanotubes allows them to connect to a silicon integrated circuit on one side

The flexibility of the nanotubes allows them to move as the top and bottom structures expand

The beauty of the carbon nanotubes is that they act like springs between the silicon chip

Carbon nanotubes have extraordinarily high thermal conductivity as much as ten times that of copper making them ideal for drawing heat away from the chips.

#Densest array of carbon nanotubes grown to datecarbon nanotubes'outstanding mechanical electrical and thermal properties make them an alluring material to electronics manufacturers.

Now a team from Cambridge university in England has devised a simple technique to increase the density of nanotube forests grown on conductive supports about five times over previous methods.

The high density nanotubes might one day replace some metal electronic components leading to faster devices.

The high density aspect is overlooked often in many carbon nanotube growth processes and is an unusual feature of our approach says John Robertson a professor in the electronic devices

High-density forests are necessary for certain applications of carbon nanotubes like electronic interconnects and thermal interface materials he says.

Robertson and his colleagues grew carbon nanotubes on a conductive copper surface that was coated with co-catalysts cobalt and molybdenum.

The subsequent nanotube growth exhibited the highest mass density reported so far. In microelectronics this approach to growing high-density carbon nanotube forests on conductors can potentially replace

and outperform the current copper-based interconnects in a future generation of devices says Cambridge researcher Hisashi Sugime.

In the future more robust carbon nanotube forests may also help improve thermal interface materials battery electrodes and supercapacitors.

The study featured on the cover of the September issue of the American Journal of Botany used a special microscope to reveal how nanostructures help contain damage within microscopic cavities called bordered pits in wood-fiber cells.

His study of the brown rot fungi led him to study tree defenses at the nanostructure scale.

#New model should expedite development of temperature-stable nano-alloysresearchers from North carolina State university have developed a new theoretical model that will speed the development of new nanomaterial alloys that retain their advantageous properties at elevated temperatures.

Nanoscale materials are made up of tiny crystals or grains that are less than 100 nanometers in diameter.

These materials are of interest to researchers designers and manufacturers because two materials can have the same chemical composition

For example materials with nanoscale grains can be harder and stronger than chemically identical materials with larger grains.

But widespread use of nanoscale materials has long been handicapped by the tendency of nanoscale grains to grow

because creating bulk materials from powdered nanomaterials involves exposure to high temperatures and even nanomaterials made using other techniques may be exposed to elevated temperatures.

The grains in some nanomaterials can even grow --and lose their desired properties --when exposed to room temperature for an extended period of time.

A team of NC State researchers decided to tackle the problem by exploring a concept that had been discussed in the research community for some time:

stabilizing nanomaterials by introducing small amounts of an additional element. The idea is that this additional element would serve as a stabilizing agent migrating to the grain boundaries

#Bismuth-carrying nanotubes show promise for CT scansscientists at Rice university have trapped bismuth in a nanotube cage to tag stem cells for X-ray tracking.

Rice chemist Lon Wilson and his colleagues are inserting bismuth compounds into single-walled carbon nanotubes to make a more effective contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) scanners.

and Wilson's lab has been experimenting for years with nanotube-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners.

But this is the first time anyone has combined bismuth with nanotubes to image individual cells he said.

if we put bismuth inside the nanotubes and the nanotubes inside stem cells we might be able to track them in vivo in real time.

Experiments to date confirm their theory. In tests using pig bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells Wilson

and lead author Eladio Rivera a former postdoctoral researcher at Rice found that the bismuth-filled nanotubes which they call Bi@US-tubes produce CT images far brighter than those from common

but putting it in nanotube capsules allows us to get them inside cells in high concentrations Wilson said.

and purifies the nanotubes. When the tubes and bismuth chloride are mixed in a solution they combine over time to form Bi@US-tubes.

The nanotube capsules are between 20 and 80 nanometers long and about 1. 4 nanometers in diameter.

They're small enough to diffuse into the cell where they then aggregate into a clump about 300 nanometers in diameter he said.

The nanotubes are lipophilic so when they find each other in the cell they stick together. Wilson said his team's studies showed stem cells readily absorb Bi@US-tubes without affecting their function The cells adjust over time to the incorporation of these chunks of carbon

Once the bismuth is encapsulated in the nanotubes the agent can produce high contrast in very small concentrations.

The nanotube surfaces can be modified to improve biocompatibility and their ability to target certain types of cells.

The Rice lab is working to double the amount of bismuth in each nanotube. Bismuth ions appear to get into the nanotubes by capillary action

and we think we can improve on the process to at least double the contrast maybe more he said.

and gadolinium into one nanotube to produce a bimodal contrast agent that can be tracked with both MRI and CT scanners.

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