2.1. veterinary

Animal disease (19)
Veterinary drugs (2)
Veterinary medicine (203)

Synopsis: 2.1. veterinary:


BBC 00550.txt

and veterinarian supplies in Karura, a lush farming area of central Kenya, wasn't doing so well.

and I used to have problems with working capital, Â recalls Wainaina, the 27-year-old entrepreneur and professionally trained veterinarian."


BBC 00839.txt

and animal diseases, provide market prices and give guidance on how to maximize yields. They also collect information from the farmers-such as which crops are expected growing


BBC 01150.txt

and Ryder imagined that his repository of animal cells could be used long after their donors died to help zoo veterinarians manage captive populations.

and veterinary medicine, and that is just to surmount the challenges that scientists know about. What is more, the technologies that scientists are hoping to use have mostly been developed for use in laboratory animals and valuable livestock only.


impactlab_2010 00389.txt

and animal health, said Ronald, who was a co-recipient of the 2008 U s. Department of agricultures National Research Initiative Discovery Award for work on the genetic basis of flood tolerance in rice. oesome of the resistance mechanisms that researchers will discover will likely serve as new


impactlab_2010 01387.txt

The Masvingo Provincial Veterinary Officer, Dr Ernest Dzimwasha, said there was nothing unusual about the incident


impactlab_2010 02368.txt

Concerns range from worries about how nontraditional genetic traits in crops could affect human and animal health to the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.


impactlab_2010 03016.txt

Medical ethicist Associate professor Nicholas Tonti-Filippini said such transplants had the potential to bring animal diseases into the human population.


impactlab_2010 03223.txt

the 29-year-old veterinary said. The lambs head had human features on the eyes,


impactlab_2011 02739.txt

#said Laurence Tiley, of Cambridges department of veterinary medicine, one of the lead researchers on the study.

or forced the destruction of hundreds of millions of birds, according to the world animal health organization OIE.


impactlab_2012 00021.txt

among other things, called for limiting the use of medically important human antibiotics in food animals#and supporting the use of such antibiotics in animals only for those uses that are considered necessary for assuring animal health.#

#Astrid KÃ hler, a spokeswoman in Monheim, Germany, for Bayer Healthcare s animal health business, confirmed that the company had done the trial


impactlab_2012 00411.txt

Connecticut s students choose majors such as animal sciences and human nutrition in hopes of becoming veterinarians and dieticians at hospitals or corporations


impactlab_2012 01182.txt

Addressing animal health and welfare challenges and improving animal performance monitoring are vital pieces of the food security jigsaw.


impactlab_2014 00244.txt

#Why pet owners are skipping the pet food aisle in favor of homemade pet food Veterinarians say these pet food home chefs do it for different reasons.

Veterinarians say these pet food home chefs do it for different reasons. For some people it s the human-animal bonding.

a board-certified veterinary nutritionist who co-authored a textbook on pet nutrition. Delaney founded Balanceit, a website with tips on preparing pet food and other finer points of pet nutrition, in 2005.

which makes Joni Scheftel, state public health veterinarian at the Minnesota Department of health in St paul, nervous because it may increase human exposure to salmonella and other foodborne illnesses.

as reported in a review published in the Journal for American Veterinary Medical Association in 2012.


Livescience_2013 02076.txt

And there was even some confusion among veterinarians an unimpressive majority of vets (62 percent) polled by the researchers knew where bully sticks came from.

and veterinarians have with pet foods and many of the popular raw animal-product based pet treats currently on the market said Freeman in a statement.

The research is detailed in this month's issue of the Canadian Veterinary Journal. Follow Livescience on Twitter@livescience. We're also on Facebookâ & Google+.


Livescience_2013 02385.txt

I would not rule it out Dr. Montserrat Torremorell of the University of Minnesota's College of Veterinary medicine told Reuters. There is a chance that airborne contaminated feces may have played a role in the rapid dissemination of the disease she said.


Livescience_2013 02605.txt

I am Ray Powell a veterinarian and New mexico's land commissioner told the AP . If they had the dexterity they'd be driving vehicles around.


Livescience_2013 03571.txt

but they don't always use it said study lead author Alan Wilson a professor in the department of comparative biomedical sciences at The Royal Veterinary College in the United kingdom. oewhat was more remarkable was the maneuverability


Livescience_2013 03745.txt

Pedrono's team plans to do thorough veterinary checks to make sure the new tortoises aren't bringing invasive plants or exotic diseases with them to Madagascar.


Livescience_2013 03889.txt

and enforced by FDA said Michael R. Taylor deputy FDA commissioner for foods and veterinary medicine.


Livescience_2013 07764.txt

A 2007 case study in the Journal of Veterinary Medical science reported that a switch to a high-fiber diet stopped a miniature poodle from regularly eating grass.

Indeed a 2009 dog study in the Journal of Veterinary Behavior found that puppies were more likely to eat grass


Livescience_2014 00073.txt

It adds to a bit of evidence of the effects of these early life experiences in the long-term said study researcher Michael Mendl a professor of veterinary science at the University of Bristol in the United kingdom. 11 Facts Every Parent Should Know About Their Baby


Livescience_2014 00952.txt

See Photos of the World's Cutest Baby Wild Animals I don't know that they actually think of us as whooping cranes said Glenn Olsen a veterinarian at the U s. Geological Survey's (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research center in Maryland who said he spends much of May through July


Livescience_2014 01601.txt

Hamsters were brought to the United states in 1936 from Syria according to the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Association.


Livescience_2014 01928.txt

Turtle owners should speak with a veterinarian or other professional when planning a diet for their pet as the diets of captive turtles also vary by species. Follow Elizabeth Palermo on Twitter@techepalermo Facebook or Google+.


Livescience_2014 03244.txt

This announcement from Cargill is the latest in a series of triumphs for animal protection advocates veterinarians food companies

#After the Pew Commission on Industrial Farm animal Production a panel including farmers veterinarians and former Agriculture secretary Dan Glickman studied the issue it recommended the phase out within 10 years of all intensive confinement systems that restrict natural movement

Scientists veterinarians and the world's largest food brands not to mention several top producers like Cargill have made it clear that gestation crates are outdated and on their way out.


Livescience_2014 03334.txt

Last year the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary medicines Authority banned the use of the pesticides dimethoate


Livescience_2014 03412.txt

Chinchilla fur was mottled originally yellow-gray in the wild according to The Merck Veterinary Manual. Through selective breeding however other colors have become common including silver yellow-gray bluish-gray white beige and black.


Livescience_2014 04416.txt

Dr. Kevin Lindell a veterinarian from Tufts University evaluates and cryopreserves embryos at SVF. The two organizations have enjoyed a close collaboration


Livescience_2014 04913.txt

and veterinary medicines given to livestock subsequently consumed by the obligate scavengers have reduced dramatically vulture populations in Asia


Nature 00032.txt

Last week, a joint mission of 22 international health and veterinary experts returned from investigating the outbreak with more questions than answers about the virus's pathology and epidemiology.

samples from 28 dead pigs were sent to the Plum Island Animal disease Center in New york, where researchers found evidence of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, also known as blue-ear pig disease,

Further pathology tests are due to begin in spring at the Australian Animal health Laboratory in Geelong, Victoria.


Nature 00034.txt

says Juergen Richt, a veterinary surgeon at Kansas State university in Manhattan. For a decade, breeders who want to locate the best bull have the animals'semen tested for its DNA,


Nature 00445.txt

Pig surveillance is largely the remit of animal health organizations, agriculture ministries and the farming industry.

the World organisation for Animal health (OIE), had reiterated that trade sanctions were unjustified. So far the role of animals has not been demonstrated in the virus's epidemiology or spread,

Scientists at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge, UK, have shown that pigs can easily become infected with the virus,

and former chief executive of the Veterinary Laboratories Agency. But we should not assume it is there until we have evidence to say so,

says Ilaria Capua, an animal-flu expert at the Experimental Animal health Care Institute of Venice in Legnaro, Italy.


Nature 00954.txt

and will mark a massive achievement for the veterinary community, says Chris Oura, head of the Non-Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory Group at the Institute for Animal health in Pirbright,

UK. Rinderpest tops the list of killer animal diseases, says Juan Lubroth, chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations (FAO) in Rome.

Just as smallpox ripped through human populations for centuries, so too has reduced rinderpest drastically animal populations.

Also known as cattle plague, rinderpest can lead to famine when people lose the beasts they need to plough their fields.

The world's first veterinary science school was established in France in 1762 to train specialists to deal with rinderpest.

headed by the FAO and the World organisation for Animal health (OIE), based in Paris. It incorporated several earlier,


Nature 00972.txt

Deadliest animal disease on the brink of eradication: Nature Newsrinderpest, the world's most devastating cattle disease, will be declared eradicated within 18 months, according to world health bodies.

chief veterinary officer for the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations (FAO) in Rome. It not only kills cattle and other wildlife,

Eradication of the disease would be a massive achievement for the veterinary community, says Chris Oura, head of the Non-Vesicular Disease Reference Laboratory Group at the Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, UK.

Rinderpest, otherwise known as cattle plague, has killed many millions of cattle and other wildlife around the world since it first spread from Asia to Europe in the herds of the invading tribes, causing outbreaks during the Roman empire in 376-386.

The FAO and the World organisation for Animal health (OIE), based in Paris, headed up an international effort to eradicate the disease,


Nature 01211.txt

Nature Newsthe chief veterinary officer of The netherlands has defended the country's decision to cull thousands of goats in an effort to control an unprecedented outbreak of Q fever.

project leader on Q fever in goats for the Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) in Wageningen, The netherlands.

Roest says that CVI researchers and veterinary pathologist Annie Rodolakis of INRA, The french agricultural research institute, will start by looking at how the bacteria spreads in mice.


Nature 01223.txt

Nearly all of the current drugs to treat nematode diseases were invented for veterinary purposes, he says,


Nature 02020.txt

says Ilaria Capua, head of virology at the Experimental Animal health Care Institute of Venice in Legnaro, Italy.


Nature 02082.txt

Animal diseases Livestock plagues are on the rise globally owing to increasingly intensive farming practices and the world's growing taste for meat and other animal products.


Nature 02094.txt

who is in charge of setting international standards for animal health at the World organisation for Animal health based in Paris, France.

and animal diseases will be critical in controlling the spread of diseases, he adds. Mcdermott points out that methods need to be tailored to the circumstances in developing countries to control the spread of livestock diseases.


Nature 02395.txt

Nature Newsa remarkable experimental study has yielded new information on the transmission of one of the world's most damaging animal diseases.

Bryan Charleston, a foot-and-mouth expert at the UK Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, Surrey which is on the site where the virus leaked in 2007


Nature 02480.txt

Lothar Wieler, a veterinary microbiologist at the Free University of Berlin, cautiously agrees with this theory.


Nature 02660.txt

says James wood, a veterinary researcher at the University of Cambridge, UK, who co-leads the project with Cunningham.


Nature 02984.txt

says Ilaria Capua, an animal-flu expert at the Experimental Animal health Care Institute of Venice in Legnaro, Italy."


Nature 03029.txt

drug firms and veterinary surgeons. The new order is less strict than the 2008 rule. See page 125 for more.


Nature 03037.txt

restrict veterinary surgeons to using the two cephalosporin drugs specifically approved for food-producing animals ceftiofur and cephapirin and ban prophylactic use.

"We would support greater veterinary oversight of antimicrobial drugs, says Christine Hoang, assistant director of scientific activities at the American Veterinary Medical Association in Schaumburg, Illinois. The European union (EU),

which already forbids the use of antimicrobials to promote growth, plans to strengthen its own rules.

Antimicrobial resistance is also this year s top priority for the intergovernmental World organisation for Animal health (OIE),

and the World health organization to help developing countries to improve their legislation covering the control, distribution and use of veterinary antimicrobials.


Nature 03070.txt

and replace the Plum Island Animal disease Center, the federal government s 58-year-old BSL-3 installation off Long island in New york. But the NBAF s future has been thrown into question,

a retired KSU biophysicist who helps to lead a group called No NBAF in Kansas. The group says that a facility that works on highly infectious animal diseases does not belong"in the centre of the food-animal health corridor.

One is the growing likelihood of foreign animal diseases entering the United states as a result of international animal movement from commerce and smuggling.


Nature 03175.txt

lack of data, says Ian Brown, head of avian virology and mammalian influenza at the Animal health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency lab in Weybridge, UK.

The two agencies responsible for monitoring disease outbreaks in animals the Food and agriculture organization (FAO) of the United nations and the World organisation for Animal health (OIE) stipulate that sequences of potentially zoonotic viruses should be deposited in public databases within 3 months

says Ilaria Capua an avian-flu researcher at the Veterinary Public health Institute in Legnaro, Italy, who champions greater availability of sequences5.

Countries that have developed well veterinary services and a well-structured and hygienic farming industry inevitably have fewer flu sequences to report,

or no sequences have poor veterinary systems and flu-prone farming systems, such as backyard farms and mixed poultry and pig farms,

which looks mostly at animal health and trade. What is needed is international leadership, says Farrar.""If, say, THE WHO


Nature 03383.txt

an immunologist  at the Royal Veterinary College in Hatfield says there could be implications beyond cattle.


Nature 03468.txt

and frequent veterinary attention from the staff at Exemplar Genetics in Sioux Center, Iowa. Their muscles already show the signs of deterioration that they were bred for.


Nature 03494.txt

Risk assessment of US agro-biosafety lab found wantingan independent panel reviewing the dangers associated with establishing a high-security laboratory for studying animal diseases in the heart of US cattle country has found that the government

whether the United states needs a BSL-4 agricultural lab. Â The NBAF would replace the ageing Plum Island Animal disease Center,

Mark Thurmond, a committee member and veterinarian at the University of California at Davis. Deciding the ultimate fate of the NBAF falls to policy-makers,


Nature 03567.txt

a veterinary surgeon who is the coordinator of Agrocalidad in Galapagos, the government agency that oversees agriculture and biosecurity on the islands."


Nature 03602.txt

Cost of human-animal disease greatest for world's poorthe greatest impacts are concentrated in just a few countries including India, Nigeria and Ethiopia,

"Zoonoses present a major threat to human and animal health. The burden for poor farmers is big,

says Delia Grace, a veterinary epidemiologist at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) in Nairobi,

and surveillance networks and training for farmers and veterinarians in spotting and reporting incidents of disease,

director-general of the World organisation for Animal health (OIE) in Paris. The OIE is pushing for the World bank to establish a fund to compensate poor farmers in the case of large-scale disease outbreaks,


Nature 03639.txt

says Linda Dixon, an expert on African swine fever at the Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, UK.

the chief veterinary officer at the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) in Rome, who is in charge of the organization s response to the outbreak.

Denis Kolbasov, director of the National Research Institute for Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russia in Pokrov, says that officials often have little appetite for expensive countermeasures such as widespread culling

While animal health officials focus on containing the spread of African swine fever, scientists believe that it should be possible to develop a vaccine to eradicate the disease.


Nature 03721.txt

animal health authorities are turning to the next task: making sure that a lab release accidental or intentional doesn t lead to a resurgence.

a member of a seven-person multidisciplinary Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) on rinderpest that was set up to consolidate the eradication by the Rome-based Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) and the Paris-based World organisation for Animal health (OIE).

liaised with ministries of agriculture and veterinary services worldwide, and wrote"to virtually everyone they could think of,

such as the Institute for Animal health in Pirbright, UK, and the Plum Island Animal disease Center in New york state.

One worrying aspect was that some virus samples were found to be held in facilities that had inadequate biosafety levels.


Nature 03796.txt

as well as animal diseases and even terrorism pose risks. What steps would you take to ensure the health, safety and productivity of America s food supply?


Nature 03968.txt

Geneticist and veterinarian Eckhard Wolf at the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany, has exploited the similarity between the human


Nature 03984.txt

Food and Rural affairs. We need to treat plant diseases as seriously as we do said animal diseases, Paterson this morning."


Nature 04534.txt

Drug application with the FDA. 2001 â Aquabounty submits its first regulatory study to the FDA. 2009 â The FDA releases guidance for its evaluation of genetically engineered animals as veterinary drugs;


Nature 04643.txt

the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Iowa State university in Ames confirmed that PEDV had infected pigs in Iowa, the leading producer of US pork.

US Department of agriculture"It s a real threat, says Lisa  Becton, a veterinary surgeon and director of swine health information at the National Pork Board, an industry group in Des Â

The USDA s National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames is one of just a few US facilities to have grown the virus successfully.

a scientist at the University of Minnesota s Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, will publish the sequence of a virus genome taken from a Colorado farm.


Nature 04671.txt

Under the new oversight system, run by the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) in Rome and the Paris-based World organisation for Animal health (OIE),

one or two in Asia and one in Europe, says Juan Lubroth, the FAO s chief veterinary officer."


Nature 04840.txt

and resistance, says study co-author Stuart Reid, a veterinary epidemiologist at the Royal Veterinary College in Hatfield, UK.


Nature 05245.txt

including boosting the number of veterinary surgeons and improving diagnostic facilities. To specifically address the risk of H7n9 flu,

senior technical coordinator at the Vietnam branch of the Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal diseases, part of the Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.


popsci_2013 00002.txt

As a veterinarian and advocate for increased protection for wolves in Minnesota I was glad to see an article that decries the state of wolf conservation and management here.


popsci_2013 00705.txt

and Drug Administration is asking veterinary drug companies to voluntarily agree to make it illegal to feed healthy animals some antibiotics.

and veterinary medicine said in a conference call for reporters. Scientists have warned long that the constant use of antibiotics in farm animals is a threat to human health

Farmers and farming companies don t need prescriptions from veterinarians to get drugged feeds; they get them from feed stores.

when companies agree to the new FDA program non-growth uses of antibiotics should require the equivalent of a prescription from a veterinarian.

Others are not so sure veterinarians will act as good gatekeepers to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.

but unless these veterinarians believe these uses are creating a public health problem they have no incentive to do thatã¢Â# says Steven Roach a program director for public health at the Food Animal Concerns Trust a farm animal welfare


popsci_2013 03169.txt

They keep telling you that you need to provide adequate veterinary care for your goats and that the animals'facilities must be maintained in good care


ScienceDaily_2013 00576.txt

and correct parasite-related animal health issues such as reduced live-weight gain calving rates and milk yield.

Speaking about Flukeless Dr O'Riordan said The World organization for Animal health (OIE) estimates that approximately 20%of animal production is lost due to unhealthy animals.

At a time when some EU member states (including Ireland) are reporting a 12-fold increase in the prevalence of liver fluke infection over recent years it is crucial to find innovative new ways to maintain animal health


ScienceDaily_2013 00594.txt

In issuing this statement the academy takes the same position as the American Medical Association the American Veterinary Medical Association the International Association for Food Protection the National Environmental Health Association the U s


ScienceDaily_2013 01011.txt

The above story is provided based on materials by Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h


ScienceDaily_2013 01100.txt

Master of Aquatic Medicine Elvis Chikwati defended his doctoral research on 3rd december 2013 at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH) with a thesis entitled Diet-induced physiological and pathophysiological responses

The above story is provided based on materials by Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h


ScienceDaily_2013 01364.txt

Fish of Colorado College in Colorado springs Colo. and Marni Lafleur of the University of Veterinary medicine in Vienna.


ScienceDaily_2013 02153.txt

and tested from 1998 to 2005 by UPM scientists led by Prof Dr Mohd Zamri Saad of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.

and sheep at present and the figure is expected to increase to 1 million by 2015 a growth rate of 12.1%as projected by the Veterinary Services Department.

This was proven to be said better protection Prof Zamri who graduated with his Doctor of Veterinary medicine degree from UPM before obtaining his Phd from Liverpool.


ScienceDaily_2013 02493.txt

The above story is provided based on materials by Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h


ScienceDaily_2013 02814.txt

John Middleton a professor in the MU College of Veterinary medicine says these higher levels of fat are often precursors to future health problems in cows.


ScienceDaily_2013 03135.txt

This novel composition can be used as a medicine for clinical or veterinary use for the treatment and/or prevention of fungal infections by pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi such as Candida spp.


ScienceDaily_2013 03224.txt

The research group Viral infections in cattle at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science which carried out this study is engaged currently in projects that seek to identify the most effective ways of preventing new infections in herds.

The above story is provided based on materials by Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.


ScienceDaily_2013 04161.txt

#Veterinary Scientists Track the Origin of a Deadly Emerging Pig Virus in the United Statesveterinary researchers at the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary medicine at Virginia Tech have helped identify the origin

and a former research assistant professor at the veterinary college who is now a professor at Zhejiang University

Veterinarians need to recognize the symptoms of the disease and with the lack of a vaccine in the United states practicing strict biosecurity and good sanitation procedures on the farm are important for prevention and control of this deadly disease Meng added.


ScienceDaily_2013 04633.txt

The agency passed the carcasses along to researchers at the Illinois Natural history Survey for analysis and the University of Illinois Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory conducted autopsies.

As part of this effort the research team led by wildlife technical assistant Samantha Carpenter and wildlife veterinary epidemiologist Nohra Mateus-Pinilla both with the natural history survey and U. of


ScienceDaily_2013 05080.txt

Professor Nicholas Jonsson of the Institute of Biodiversity Animal health and Comparative Medicine said: Resistance to all the main acaricides is documented well--for example amitraz resistance is seen in about 20%of Australian tick populations and more than 50%of Mexican ticks.


ScienceDaily_2013 05586.txt

A method to detect different trypanosomeskatja Silbermayr from the Institute of Parasitology of the University of Veterinary medicine Vienna (Vetmeduni) together with an international research team collected blood samples from three cattle types.

The information is extremely valuable to veterinarians and farmers as each type of trypanosome causes a slightly different disease progression


ScienceDaily_2013 06269.txt

The research was lead by a team of researchers at the University of Glasgow in collaboration with the University of Edinburgh the Royal Veterinary College Scotland's Rural College Health Protection Scotland and the Scottish E coli O157/VTEC

The study published in the online journal PNAS used veterinary human and molecular data to examine the risks of E coli O157 transmission from cattle to humans

Lead author Dr Louise Matthews Senior Research Fellow in the Institute of Biodiversity Animal health and Comparative Medicine said:

because medicines for veterinary use must show that animal health is improved. This is problematic because E coli O157 does not harm cattle

and assessing the impact of treatment involves coordination between human and veterinary health practitioners. Senior author Professor Stuart Reid of the Royal Veterinary College added:

We increasingly recognize the fact that we share a common environment with the animals we keep

This study is an excellent example the interface between veterinary and human medicine and of the concept of'One Health'in action--controlling infections in animals can have a major impact on public health.


ScienceDaily_2013 06581.txt

and gulls were analysed at the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. Samples collected from Rogaland County in the Southwest of Norway during the hunting seasons (August-December) of 2005-2007 and 2009-2010 were studied.

Ragnhild Tønnessen defended her doctoral research on 27th august 2013 at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science with a thesis entitled Epidemiology and Host Adaptation of Influenza a viruses in Gulls#.

#The research was conducted at the Department of Food safety and Infection Biology at the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science and at Section for Virology at the Norwegian Veterinary Institute.

The above story is provided based on materials by Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length t


ScienceDaily_2013 07412.txt

and other types of parasitic worms#says Professor Neil Sargison author from the University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies.#


ScienceDaily_2013 08364.txt

but from 1968 to 2004 veterinary fences prevented zebras from making the migration. The veterinary fences--which had been built to keep wild buffalo from transferring diseases to cattle--were taken down in 2004.

Within three years of the removal of the veterinary fences zebra began making movements on the migration path toward the Makgadikgadi Salt Pans.

These movements were recorded by GPS collars that were fitted to zebra mares allowing researchers to accurately record their movements.


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