Synopsis: 2.0.. agro: Cereals:


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The new rule also says that gluten-free foods cannot contain any wheat rye or barley or any of their crossbreeds.

People with the intestinal condition celiac disease have to avoid eating foods that contain gluten proteins that occur naturally in wheat rye and barley.


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Federal farm policies fork over hundreds of millions of dollars a year to subsidize commodity crops mainly corn and soybeans

Since 1995 the federal government has spent $19. 2 billion to subsidize corn sweeteners corn starch and soy oils the building blocks of junk food according to an annual report published by CALPIRG Apples to Twinkies 2013:

and corn starch are subsidized. Based on subsidy outlays CALPIRG calculated that the federal government has spent enough for each of America's 144 million taxpayers to buy 355 Twinkies between 1995 and 2012 nearly 20 a year.

and vegetable crops pales in comparison with what corn soy and other commodity crops get.


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What gets under my skin is that the phrase is used so often by advocates of high-input American corn

but most are about U s. crops more precisely the export crops soybean and corn. The phrase got a big boost in the 1970s

despite the fact that almost 40 percent of U s. corn acreage is devoted to producing ethanol.)One reason the phrase is favored

It implies that producing corn and soybeans is the equivalent of putting food into the mouths of hungry people.

But there is no direct connection between U s. corn and soy production and ending hunger elsewhere (or for that matter in the United states).

Implying that U s. grain exports can alleviate hunger by feeding the world distracts from that key understanding.

Those interested in corn and soybean exports should drop it as well. If we need a catchphrase for world hunger issues we could consider helping the world feed itself.


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They grew corn squash and beans supplementing these crops by hunting game and collecting wild plants.


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The diet of working class Mexicans includes staples such as corn or wheat tortillas along with beans rice tomatoes chili peppers and chorizo a type of pork sausage.


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a vegetable garden a grass lawn an area where pine trees are growing well a creek or river bank a field growing commercial crops such as wheat soybeans or corn.


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Common people in ancient Rome ate millet a grain looked down upon by the wealthy as fit only for livestock according to a new study published in the March issue of the Journal of Anthropological Archaeology.

And consumption of millet may have been linked to overall social status with relatively poorer suburbanites eating more of the grain than did wealthier city dwellers.

Grasses such as wheat and barley are called C3 plants; they photosynthesize differently than mostly fibrous C4 plants such as millet and sorghum.

The differences in photosynthesis create different ratios of carbon isotopes preserved in the bones of the people who ate the plants.

Individuals buried in the mausoleum at Casa Bertone (a relatively high-class spot at least for commoners) ate less millet than those buried in the simple cemetery surrounding Casa Bertone's mausoleum.

Meanwhile those buried in the farther-flung Castellaccio Europarco cemetery ate more millet than anyone at Casa Bertone suggesting they were less well-off than those living closer to or within the city walls.

Historical texts dismiss millet as animal feed or a famine food Killgrove said but the researcher's findings suggest that plenty of ordinary Romans depended on the easy-to-grow grain.

One man whose isotope ratios showed him to be a major millet consumer was likely an immigrant later research revealed.

He may have been a recent arrival to Rome when he died carrying the signs of his country diet with him.


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Gluten is a protein found in many grains including wheat rye and barley. It's found in most breads cereals pastas and many processed foods according to Webmd.

People who have called a condition celiac disease develop an immune reaction to gluten that damages the intestine

Other people who may need to cut back on gluten are individuals who have a wheat allergy they need to avoid wheat

If you eliminate wheat from the diet make sure to replace it with a healthy naturally gluten-free grain such as quinoa

or buckwheat Mangieri said. You should also balance the diet with lots of fruits and vegetables Mangieri said.

If you don't haveceliac disease a wheat allergy or a gluten sensitivity you're unlikely to benefit from a gluten-free diet.


Livescience_2013 04609.txt

Gluten is a protein found in many grains including wheat rye and barley. It's found in most breads cereals pastas and many processed foods according to Webmd.

People who have called a condition celiac disease develop an immune reaction to gluten that damages the intestine

Other people who may need to cut back on gluten are individuals who have a wheat allergy they need to avoid wheat

If you eliminate wheat from the diet make sure to replace it with a healthy naturally gluten-free grain such as quinoa

or buckwheat Mangieri said. You should also balance the diet with lots of fruits and vegetables Mangieri said.

If you don't haveceliac disease a wheat allergy or a gluten sensitivity you're unlikely to benefit from a gluten-free diet.


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Doctoral student Megan Szyndler Loudon and chemist Robert Corn of UC Irvine and entomologists Kenneth Haynes and Michael Potter of the University of Kentucky collaborated on the study.


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when growing just one crop (only corn for example). Being more successful these obsessive individuals would have had more children


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Marinades or sauces may contain wheat especially if they contain soy sauce. Also watch out for marinades that are made with beer.

or corn on the cob in foil is crucial if you don't know if the grill has been cleaned especially after marinades containing gluten have been used

Seasoning or soup mixes containing wheat may have been added to the meat. Also meat substitutes like veggie burgers often look like the real thing

but can contain wheat. And if squeeze bottles aren't being used try to be first in line to avoid contamination from knives that have touched bread containing gluten.

Some options include a bowl of mixed berries baked beans corn on the cob or a gluten-free potato salad.


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Each contains a single grain of silica (Sio2 which is the main ingredient of sand).

which magnifies objects 20000 times graduate student Pierre Haenecour of Washington University in St louis uncovered the single grain in one of the meteorites.


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because it was characterized first at the university can create an iron barrier in rice roots that reduces arsenic uptake.

Rice grown as a staple food for a large portion of the world's population absorbs arsenic from its environment and transfers it to the grain.

The risks of arsenic in rice recently became national news after arsenic was detected in baby foods made from rice.

In regions of the world where rice is an important food staple entire communities are vulnerable to the negative impacts of arsenic contamination.

Despite the health risks arsenic in rice poses to millions of people around the world there are currently no effective agricultural methods in use to reduce arsenic levels.

and microbes adjacent to rice roots can be used to block the arsenic uptake. Bais first identified the bacterial species in soil samples taken from California rice fields.

The pair's preliminary research has shown that UD1023 can mobilize iron from the soil and slow arsenic uptake in rice roots but the researchers have not yet determined exactly how this process works

and whether it will lead to reduced levels of arsenic in rice grains. We have a bacterium that moves iron

and we want to see if creating an iron shield around the rice roots will slow arsenic movement into other parts of the plant Bais said.

Sherrier and Bais who received a 2012 seed grant from the National Science Foundation-funded Delaware Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research ultimately want to determine how UD1023 slows arsenic movement into rice roots

and whether it will lead to reduced levels of arsenic in the rice grains the edible portion of the plant.

That is the most important part Bais said. We don't know yet whether we can reduce arsenic in the grains

or reduce the upward movement of arsenic towards the grain but we're optimistic. Bais says that


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These starches found in seed hulls parts of corn and beans and in room-temperature rice and pasta can ferment in the colon to promote the growth of good bacteria

and have many other beneficial effects. Researchers at the University of Colorado Denver summarize these benefits in a review paper in the current issue of the journal Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.

For example pasta and rice have resistant starch but only at room temperature. So pasta salad and sushi are better sources of resistant starch.


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Whole-grain crackers sugar-free gum mini rice cereal treat bars cereal bars made with real fruit mini 100-percent fruit-juice boxes

or bags of 100-calorie popcorn that can be packed as part of a school lunch. Her other favorite treat is lollipops.


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Gagliano and her colleagues recently showed corn seedling's roots lean toward a 220-Hertz purr

Critics of Gagliano's research point out that no one has found structures resembling a mouth or ears on corn or any other plant.

But the corn root clicks are at the lower end of the human hearing Range in theory we could hear it


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As a corn entomologist one of my suggestions to corn growers who were plagued by insects was to eat them.


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the poppy seeds that make a grain of sand the grains of sand that would cover the length of a stadium


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For example an ear of corn sold today at the supermarket probably doesn't look much different from

According to the Worldwatch Institute corn accounts for 31 percent of all genetically modified crops. So there's a good chance that corn you're buying at the grocery store has been modified genetically in some way.

It's not usually obvious though. There is no law that requires food to be labeled as GMO

so to the naked eye it just looks the same old corn you grew up eating at every barbecue.


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or something similar and cooked something that oeenormously increased the nutritional value of corn writes Coe.


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and the poisonous mercury is now slowly making its way toward the fruit and nut orchards and the rice fields of California s lush Central Valley America s food basket according to new research by a team

There is evidence however that rice may be vulnerable. Mercury contamination from gold mining is a worldwide problem.


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The ABC recently reported that 400 people in the Philippines trampled vitamin-enriched oegolden rice trial crops because of fears to human health and biodiversity.

The proponents of GM rice and its benefits clearly have positive intentions and they are understandably upset.

The arguments for using golden rice are strong. Vitamin a deficiencies are acknowledged as being serious and important by pro and anti-GM groups alike.

In the last week for example a researcher from Tufts University was barred from doing research with humans after feeding GM golden rice to Chinese study participants without informing them it had been modified genetically.

If it weren t then problems such as this golden rice brawl would not occur. If scientists genuinely want to take the highest possible moral position (and


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6771 visits (6. 5 percent) Chips pretzels or popcorn: 4826 visits (4. 6 percent) Biscuits cookies or crackers:


Livescience_2013 07154.txt

The vitamin is also found in foods like fatty fish and fortified cereals milk and orange juice.


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what we interpret to be a habitable environment where water was good enough for us to drink Melissa Rice of the California Institute of technology in Pasadena said after a presentation on imaging results from Curiosity s workhorse Mastcam instrument.

when these rocks had water flowing through them through these fractures leaving calcium sulfate behind Rice said.

One of the rocks Rice mentioned was a mudstone that Curiosity drilled into. Inside researchers found clay minerals which meant

The grain size there are small pebbles and coarse sand grains too large to be lifted up and transported by wind


Livescience_2013 07363.txt

7 grams protein 1/2 cup cooked or one ounce dry (1 slice bread) grain:


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or when countries designate a portion of food crops to be turned into fuel like the United states does with 40 percent of its non-exported corn crop can push up food prices

Using corn to produce ethanol has caused corn prices to increase Falcon said. In the midst of last year's drought corn prices rose 50 percent to $8 a bushel.

Because corn is used also for animal feed an increase in corn prices can affect the cost of other foods.

Corn is kind of a linchpin commodity Falcon said. Most experts don't think the United states will increase the amount of corn that goes to ethanol in the near future

but over the course of the century that could change Falcon said. Improving trade cooperation To continue to feed a growing population in light of the food shortages that are likely to occur with climate change global crop production in the future will have to be much more coordinated than it is said today Jason Clay an expert in natural resources management at the World

Wildlife Fund (WWF. We're going to have to work to make sure that we have a global food system that takes care of everybody Clay said.

Some native crops such as pigeon peas and pulses in South Asia and cowpeas and millet in Africa have not yet benefited from plant-breeding techniques that could improve productivity he said.


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So for example farmers who grow wheat or grapes could increase their yield by actually watering their crops less at key times in the growing season Davies said.


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Quinoa is not a grain but it cooks up like one and this too is a remarkable source of protein vitamins minerals fiber and antioxidants.

According to research by David Ludwig at Harvard university instant whole-grain oats is as unhealthy as overly processed white bread in that it quickly spikes the sugar levels in the bloodstream once consumed


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Gluten refers to the proteins found in wheat endosperm (a type of tissue produced in seeds that's ground to make flour.

which in turn affects the chewiness of baked wheat products. Gluten is composed actually of two different proteins:

Though true gluten is defined sometimes as being specific to wheat gluten is said often to be part of other cereal grains including rye barley

when it breaks down gluten from wheat and related grains during digestion. The most well-known form of gluten intolerance is celiac disease

 Wheat allergy is a rare type of gluten intolerance it's a classic food allergy marked by skin respiratory or gastrointestinal reactions to wheat allergens.


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The proteins in chickpeas and sesame seeds complement each other providing more complete protein nutrition much like rice and beans.


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while grain-fed calves produce redder fattier meat. Veal production has prompted strong criticism from animal welfare groups.


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Today most vodka is made from fermented grains such as sorghum corn rice rye or wheat though you can also use potatoes fruits or even just sugar.

The fermentation step creates a product with only about 16 percent alcohol by volume (ABV) too low for spirits.


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Flaxseed is more expensive than grass grain or corn so if this practice goes mainstream expect to pay a premium for any dairy products that come from flaxseed-eating cows.

For now this study serves as a good example of how important it is to eat food that has been nourished well.

They also tend to get a bit more exercise than their grain-fed counterparts. Because of this they tend to be leaner

And grass-fed beef is priced almost always considerably higher than grain-fed beef. Sometimes you can get a great deal by buying local especially in season.


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and has offered long products merely sounding like they contain whole grain but usually have little

or none including foods with labels sporting the words multigrain 12-grain stoneground high fiber enriched wheat flour and (unbelievably) whole grain.

Also whole grain might be the first ingredient in food products tainted with less desirables such as Lucky Charms cereal magically delicious with magic perhaps derived from copious marshmallows (second ingredient) containing sugar corn starch

and corn syrup followed by more sugar (third ingredient) more corn syrup (fifth ingredient) and more corn starch (sixth ingredient).

A study published in January in the journal Public health Nutrition by researchers at Harvard School of Public health found that most whole grain labeling is confusing with the industry-supported Whole Grain stamp pointing to foods higher in sugar

and calories than those without the stamp. 8 Reasons Our Waistlines Are Expanding (Yes Lucky Charms has a Whole Grain stamp.

And while you'd think that some whole grain is better than none this might not be the case.

whole grain that cooks in seconds were much hungrier later in the day compared with those who ate steel-cut (long-cooking) oats or an egg omelet;

what's seen after eating simple non-whole-grain white bread. All in the processing Ludwig's more recent work has demonstrated that how a grain whole

or refined is processed truly determines its healthfulness. You guess it: In general more processed means less healthful.

Part of the problem lies with the FDA definition of whole grain. Most grain contains inedible chaff (fed to animals) bran (the oil-rich outer layer) germ (the grain seed's nutrient-rich embryo) and the endosperm (the starchy center.

Refined white flour contains only endosperm. The FDA definition of whole grain allows for grain to be milled

and separated of its edible constituents as long as the three are mixed later in proportions similar to the intact grain.

This enables the food industry to make whole-grain products that taste and act nothing like whole grain.

So a serving of steel-cut oats with raisins may be more healthful than a serving the oat-based Lucky Charms

but no amount of FDA-required labeling explains this to consumers lured into eating three servings of whole grains daily. 10 New Ways to Eat Well Also grain type matters.

Corn is arguably the lowest-quality'whole grain'Ludwig told Livescience. I'd put oats rye and barley at the top of the list and corn at the bottom.

Slower is better At the heart of Ludwig's research is the concept of the glycemic index (GI) a measure of how quickly blood sugar levels rise after eating a particular type of food.

Carbohydrates with a high GI on a scale from 0 to 100 tend to spike blood sugar levels and ultimately lead to problems such as obesity and diabetes.

Refined grains such as packaged white bread and most breakfast cereals have a high GI 70 or above;

intact whole grains such as oat spelt millet and barley have a low GI below 50.

Non-intact whole grains such as whole-grain breads are in the middle. You won't garner this information from a food label.

or instant breakfast cereals compared with whole grains you need to cook for 30 minutes

(which itself is very different from wheat species used for bread) leads to a surprisingly low GI food with a slower digestion rate.

Popcorn is technically a whole grain and may provide some of the benefits that come from consuming other whole grains said Joanne Slavin a professor at University of Minnesota.

Provided the popcorn isn't laden with sugar salt oil or butter the advantage also might be

to add a higher ratio of whole grain oat or wheat flour to white in recipes for example.

and a feeling of fullness and the more whole the grain the more nutrients it will have


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Many dry and wet dog pet foods also contain rice wheat and other plants not to mention added vitamins and minerals.


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or taking the time to thread popcorn kernels one-by-one together to make garland.

or (gasp) using frozen corn for grandma's corn pudding recipe. But are frozen vegetables really inferior?


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Good bacteria are turning up in everything from toothpaste and chocolate to juices and cereals.

these foods include probiotic-enriched juices cereals and snack bars. Although the majority of probiotics found in foods are safe for most people the bigger concern is


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He cited the U s. government's subsidizing of sugar and corn which makes unhealthy foods cheaper to produce.


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A prudent diet consisted of raw and cooked vegetables salad fruit and berries nuts vegetable oils whole grain cereals poultry and water to drink.

A traditional diet by contrast was composed mainly of boiled potatoes fish gravy margarine rice pudding low-fat milk and cooked vegetables.


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The mysterious critter is currently being fed a diet of corn and cat food but if the creature truly is a chupacabra that theory can be tested easily:


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#Shepherds Spread Grain Along Silk road 5, 000 Years Ago Nearly 5000 years ago nomadic shepherds opened some of the first links between eastern and western Asia.

#oeancient wheat and broomcorn millet recovered in nomadic campsites in Kazakhstan show that prehistoric herders in Central Eurasia had incorporated both regional crops into their economy

The Hunt for Lost Cities One of the grains found in Kazahkstan bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) was cultivated in the middle East by 6000 years ago

Likewise another grain found in the shepherd s camps domesticated broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) may have originated in what is now China 8000 years ago

The archaeologists also found evidence that herders began farming millet wheat barley and legumes by 4000 years ago.


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The researchers also used commercially available fungus spores grown on wheat or sorghum which they spread on the diaper mixture.


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while the largest differences in diversity between conventional and organic is seen in areas of intensive cultivation of cereal crops such as wheat maize and barley.


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and irrigated rice fields. In terms of long-term climate change the last several thousand years are unique because of this human factor in it He said.


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Previous research had determined that such popular mealtime standbys as apples corn potatoes and bananas were considered nutrient-poor foods with scores falling below 10 the powerhouse criterion.


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Any food labeled gluten-free cannot contain wheat rye barley or any of their crossbreeds unless the grains are stripped first of gluten.

Gluten is made of natural proteins found in wheat rye and barley. Until now there was no gold standard for


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Since the introduction of genetically modified Round up Ready corn and soybeans in the late 1990s their adoption level has reached as high as 70 to 90 percent.


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and mizuna lettuce in space along with carbohydrate staples like wheat and rice. All would be likely choices as mainstay foods


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and cheese or high-glycemic foods such as white rice and white bread Ha said. A second way is that beans lentils

Other research has shown that eating more oats and barley could drop LDL by 5 percent each.

The benefits of increasing heart-healthy foods at mealtimes can really add up to comparable LDL reductions seen with some statin drugs Ha said.


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My father nurtured the moisture in his wheat fields so deftly and assiduously that until I grew up


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The research detailed in this week s issue of the journal Nature found that wheat rice

When the team analyzed their data the results showed a significant decrease in the concentrations of zinc and iron as well as protein in wheat and rice cultivars.

For example zinc iron and protein concentrations in wheat grains grown at the FACE sites were reduced by about 9 percent 5 percent

and 6 percent respectively compared with wheat grown at ambient carbon dioxide. If people consumed more food to make up for the drop in nutrients there could be other health consequences including increased obesity Myers posited.

and iron varied substantially across different rice strains. David Wolfe a plant and soil ecologist at Cornell University in Ithaca New york said that


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Ohio farmers for example saw corn yields drop by up to 60 percent and first hay harvests by up to 70 percent during the long drought of 2007.

We don't know what normal is added anymore corn and soybean farmer Arlyn Schipper in this video by my NRDC colleague Rocky Kistner.


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The Burger Joint for example trumpets that its burgers are fed from grain cattle; all natural no hormones fillers or antibiotics and most importantly they run free in the fields.

whether cattle end their brief lives in crowded confined feedlots eating genetically modified corn and soybeans or spend all of their time on pasture eating grass and other forage crops

and grazed on grass most cattle are shipped to feedlots to fatten them up quickly on a grain diet.

and because it has a grassy flavor that Americans accustomed to fatty grain-fed beef find unfamiliar.

The contrast between beef and such staples as wheat rice and potatoes is even more stark.


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Within China people from traditional rice-farming areas have a more collectivist mindset than people from traditional wheat-farming areas the new study finds.

Europeans historically grew wheat and a similar crop barley. 10 Things That Make Humans Special The cultures of China Talhelm first got the idea to study the effect of farming on Chinese culture while living in Guangzhou and teaching high school

in 2007. Guangzhou is in southern China and Talhelm noticed that when he later moved to Beijing in northern China residents were less conflict-averse and more straightforward.

which rice farming in the South transitions to wheat farming in the North. Rice farming is labor-intensive

and requires irrigation which forces a community to work together Talhelm said. Wheat farming on the other hand is a more individualistic pursuit.

Thus he wondered if the cultures that evolved out of these two methods of farming might still persist.

Wheat and rice In each task people from northern China scored as more individualistic than people from the South Talhelm

For example people from historical wheat-farming areas in the North matched objects based on analytic categories (putting together the bus and the train for example) 56 percent more often than people in rice-farming areas in the South.

Likewise people from wheat-farming areas drew their social network circles about 0. 06 inches (1. 5 millimeters) larger than those of their friends

while people from rice-farming areas made their circles and their friends'circles the same size. 5 Ways Relationships Are Good for Your Health In comparison Europeans draw their circles 0. 14 inches (3. 5 mm) larger than their friends

To make sure the difference wasn't due to other factors Talhelm and his colleagues analyzed provinces along the wheat-rice border:

but the prevalence of rice versus wheat farming differs. The results revealed the same collectivist-individualistic split among neighbors with counties with more wheat acting more individualistically than rice-farming counties.

The prevalence of pathogens and modernization also failed to explain the schism because China's government has established Special Economic zones in the South these regions tend to be developed more than those in the North.

while modernization has sent divorce rates up countrywide wheat provinces had 50 percent more divorces than rice provinces.

which are more common in individualistic cultures are held disproportionately in wheat provinces. Ancestry's echoes The participants in the study were all college students

The rice-wheat split probably doesn't explain all of the difference between East and West Talhelm said.

despite GDPS that match those in the West Talhelm said all three are historically rice-growing regions.

The next step Talhelm said is to test the idea in other countries including rice-growing regions in West Africa.

He has done already preliminary work on India he said where the rice-wheat schism is east-west rather than north-south.


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