Synopsis:
2.0.. agro: Cereals:
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They are the world's number one non-grain crop, in 130 countries, and a hefty source of starch for billions around the world.
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and then rye, wheat, barley and finally oats. Ultimately, other crops could be planted on an area that was covered once with salt water.
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including corn (maize), sugarcane, sorghum and millet. But many of the most popular crops, including wheat
and rice, are C3 plants. Their yields suffer in hotter drier conditions oe just where
and when we need to increase them. Switch makersscientists are now trying to genetically manipulate C3 crops to turn them into C4s.
scientists think it should be possible to artificially create C4 versions of rice and wheat that would be around 50%more productive
while using less water and nutrients. Researchers have begun with rice because it is a genetically simple plant oe with two sets of chromosomes like us oe unlike,
say wheat, which has six sets. They are working on two fronts: trying to change its leaf anatomy to that of a C4 plant,
which have packed closely veins of two cell types; and switching the biochemical make-up of enzymes and proteins to the C4 type.
Corn offers a good model because although its main leaves are C4, the small husk leaves
but I think we will get a C4-like rice, even if it isn't a fully C4 plant,
She is looking for the crucial C4 players by over-expressing candidate genes in rice,
or by knocking out the gene in millet, to see what happens. If they do find the genetic code for C4,
and it works in rice, Langdale says it will be fairly simple to convert other crops, such as wheat, barley and rapeseed (canola).
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In the middle East, for example, einkorn wheat was cultivated first successfully around 11,000 years ago in the southeastern part of
when wheat yields exceeded demand, its grain could be stored without losing any nutritional value. These early cities oe Ur, Nineveh, Jericho, Babylon oe became established next to their farmland,
and for a time flourished in concert with the fields that provided their sustenance. Yet despite the invention of farming, eventually all of these early cities fell into disrepair,
which such large amounts of wheat to be grown oe but falling water levels brought the Middle east's first agricultural revolution to an end.
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and houses constructed out of old boat sails, rice sacks and plastic drinks bottles. But then there are those items that seemingly can't be repaired.
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wheat and eucalyptus are found around the world while many others have become rare or vanished.
Meanwhile, we've been artificially boosting the populations of certain select species, such as cows, dogs, rice, maize and chickens oe most
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Billions of people owe their daily bread, rice or potatoes to artificial fertilisers. And fertilisers formed the backbone of the Green revolution across Asia and South america,
By 2007, Malawi was exporting its surplus corn to Zimbabwe and Kenya, unthinkable just two years earlier.
the country had closed the grain gap from eight months (time during which the granary stores are empty) to two months,
whether that be GM rice or conventionally bred cassava-rather than vast grain monocultures. With an enormous variety of crops, fields and farmers, there will be a variety of different practices used (including the investigation of wild-type relatives of staple crops),
and we will need this variety in the coming decades. If you would like to comment on this article
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And as people become richer and switch from rice or cassava to milk and meats
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the life force or germs now found in the heart of the corn, in the kernel of wheat,
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who has developed different types of promiscuous soybean oe a nutritious nitrogen fixer oe that can be intercropped with cereals
which once the grain is harvested, the new seeds are sown simply into holes among the leftover plant matter.
a farmer who has been using no-till agriculture for the past six years on his wheat fields in Kent, southeast England.
In the next field, Ashby was resting his wheat field by growing turnips for the sheep,
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who cleverly bred wheat to be shorter but sturdier and better at producing the parts we eat.
When this happens, yields can improve by 15%in vital crops like wheat, rice and soybean.
researchers like Abdelbagi Ismail at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines are developing strains of rice that can flourish in flooded areas.
Ismail and his team scoured the vaults of their institute's rice seed bank oe the world's largest with more than 110,000 varieties.
They were looking for types of rice that survive on sketchy land, regardless of whether they produced low or high yields.
they then crossed this flood-tolerant strain with a high-yield strain of rice.""This form of breeding used to take 6-15 years,
Their submergence-resistant rice has been distributed to farmers in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines.
These people live in parts of the world where their diets are dominated by staples oe foods such as rice, wheat, cassava,
millet and maize oe that are high in calories but lack iron, zinc, Vitamin a and other micronutrients.
The best-known example of boosting nutrition in staple crops is golden rice, which has been engineered with genes from daffodils and bacteria to produce beta-carotene,
golden rice is still not available for general use. Some environmental groups, including Greenpeace, fear that this genetically modified strain could contaminate
and harm other vital rice strains. But rather than importing genes from another organism researchers are now trying to find maize strains that naturally produce high levels of beta-carotene.
the process has boosted concentration of beta-carotene in the corn from practically nothing to about 8 micrograms per gram oe around 53%of Harvestplus'target for the micronutrient.
The organisation expects to release corn that achieves that target in 3-4 years. What will really determine its success is
if farmers will regularly plant this orange corn in a region where people traditionally eat white corn with no beta-carotene.
and Melinda Gates Foundation, is releasing the fortified corn in Zambia, where more than half of children experience Vitamin a deficiencies.
"But with precise input management, farmers can also influence grain yield and efficiency. Â Some academics and sustainable farming advocates see this type of farming as one more push toward industrialising food production and making more farmers dependent on agribusiness.
In 2011 more corn went to biofuel than to feed for the first time in the US. Another big pressure is climate change.
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when two brothers forgot to properly store wheat and then noticed that it came out as flakes when later processed.
They soon applied the same procedure to other types of grain. Popsicles, too, came about by mistake.
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But when oemy mother asked him to get ingredients for curry rice he came back with mayonnaise,
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The study also found that Wi-fi radiation could inhibit the growth of corn cobs. The researchers urged that further studies were needed to confirm the current results
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and Bruce Beutler, an immunologist and mammalian geneticist at The Scripps Research Institute, describes how researchers have used common approaches to tease apart the secrets of immunity in species ranging from fruit flies to rice.
who was a co-recipient of the 2008 U s. Department of agricultures National Research Initiative Discovery Award for work on the genetic basis of flood tolerance in rice. oesome of the resistance mechanisms that researchers will discover will likely serve as new
In 1995, Ronald identified the first such receptor a rice gene known as known as Xa21 and in 1998
rice and a common research plant known as Arabidopsis. These represent the immune defense systems of vertebrates, insects,
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sugary cereals and biscuits says he lost nearly two stone. Mark Haub said that on the convenience store diet his bad cholesterol also dropped by 20 per cent and his level of triglycerides, a form of fat, by 39 per cent.
he ate Doritos, Kelloggs Pops cereal and Oreo cookies, and had shot a daily double of espresso. The final third of his daily intake came in the form of a multivitamin pill and a protein shake
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Different strains of crops such as wheat have significantly different levels of reflectivity, or albedo, say scientists.
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she got up to microwave some leftover rice. Via New york times Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati c
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#U s. Pushes Cheese Sales Despite Warning About Fat Dairy management, which has made cheese its cause is a marketing creation of the United states Department of agriculture the same agency at the center of a federal anti-obesity drive.
oeask for whole wheat crust and half the cheese even as Dairy management has worked with pizza chains like Dominos to increase cheese.
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#What Whole Wheat Really Means Is your bread actually made with whole grains? Whole wheat, multigrain, 12-grain, oemade with whole grains here are many labels you can put on bread to make it sound healthy.
What really counts when it comes to buying better bread? Fewer ingredients, key labels, and basic weight math.
you must inspect labels to make sure the first ingredient is whole grain, the total number of ingredients is small and devoid of unpronounceable chemicals,
and the label says 100 percent whole wheat. Anything less is reconstituted white bread with occasional pieces of the original grain added back.
Nestle explains the basics of what makes bread whole wheat, as opposed to just white,
then offers up a simple, if not exactly easy, method of comparing apples to apples in terms of wheat content:
Food labeling rules do not make it easy to figure out fiber content. Some white breads list 1 gram of fiber,
Whole wheat, but not the whole story SFGATE Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati h
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#Study: Milk Helps with Weight Loss Got Milk? Milk does help you lose weight and has other health benefits as well.
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Yes, the Corn Refiners Association (the lobbying group and manufacturing association that represents makers of high-fructose corn syrup) have embarked on an effort to ditch the troublesome name tag that even a slew of expensive TV ads couldnt spruce up.
and supporting the pillar of the heavily subsidized corn industry with renewed vigor. Grist has more:
HFCS sales are at a 20-year low. More and more, science is indicating that the body metabolizes HFCS differently from table sugar in a way that increases the risk of diabetes, liver disease, and obesity.
As the Corn Refiners president observed sadly, HFCS of late oehas been disparaged highly and highly misunderstood.
that the corn industry is seeking to adopt the name of the very substance it once replaced.
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#Scientists Crack the Genetic Code of Wheat Wheat is the worlds oldest and most important crops.
British scientists have decoded the genetic sequence of wheat one of the worlds oldest and most important crops a development they hope could help breed better strains of the global food staple.
Wheat is grown across more of the worlds farmland than any other cereal, and researchers said Friday theyre posting its genetic code on the Internet in the hope that farmers can use it as a tool to improve their harvests.
and additional strains of wheat need to be analyzed for the work to be truly useful,
Among the potential benefits of tougher strains of wheat: Lower prices for bread and greater food security for the worlds poor.
Wheat is a relative latecomer to the world of DNA mapping. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the date the human genome was laid bare.
Other crops have had their genetic codes unscrambled within the past few years rice in 2005, corn in 2009,
The reason for the delay in analyzing wheats genetic code, Hall said, was that the code is so massive far larger than corn
or rice and five times the length of the one carried by humans. One reason for the size is that strains such as the Chinese spring wheat analyzed by Halls team carry six copies of the same gene (most creatures carry two.
Another is that wheat has tangled a ancestry, tracing its descent from three different species of wild grass.
But sequencing techniques have improved dramatically over the past decade, and scientists were able to draw up their draft of the code in about a year.
Although the code may yet see use by genetic engineers hoping to craft pesticide-resistant strains of wheat,
Hall was at pains to stress the conventional applications of his work. Until now, breeders seeking to combine the best traits of two strains of wheat would cross pollinate the pair,
grow the hybrid crop and hope for the best. Once they know which genetic markers to look for
new forms of wheat could be rolled out far faster. The cracking of wheats code comes at a time
when prices have shot up in the wake of crop failures in Russia, highlighting how the vagaries of world food production can hit import-dependent countries such as Egypt.
The reddish, wind-borne fungus known to scientists as Ug99 has devastated wheat crops in places such as Kenya,
where up to 80 percent of the wheat in afflicted farmers fields have been ruined. Alexander Evans an expert in resource scarcity issues at New york University, welcomed the announcement as something that would be oereally helpful in helping farmers producing food that will meet those challenges.
But, as one British paper hailed the announcement as the most significant breakthrough in wheat farming for 10,000 years,
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#Black Rice is the New Cancer-Fighting Superfood Black rice is low in sugar but packed with healthy fiber
Black rice revered in ancient China but overlooked in the West could be the greatest superfoods,
The cereal is low in sugar but packed with healthy fibre and plant compounds that combat heart disease
Scientists from Louisiana State university analysed samples of bran from black rice grown in the southern U s. They found boosted levels of water-soluble anthocyanin antioxidants.
what makes black rice black. Research suggests that the dark plant antioxidants, which mop up harmful molecules,
Just a spoonful of black rice bran contains more health promoting anthocyanin antioxidants than are found in a spoonful of blueberries,
If berries are used to boost health, why not black rice and black rice bran? Especially, black rice bran would be a unique and economical material to increase consumption of health-promoting antioxidants.
Centuries ago black rice Was forbidden known as Rice in ancient China because only nobles were allowed to eat it.
Today black rice is used mainly in Asia for food decoration, noodles, sushi and desserts. But food manufacturers could potentially use black rice bran
or bran extracts to make breakfast cereals, beverages, cakes, biscuits and other foods healthier, said Dr Xu.
When rice is processed, millers remove the outer layers of the grains to produce brown rice or more refined white rice the kind most widely consumed in the West.
Brown rice is said to be more nutritious because it has higher levels of healthy Vitamin e compounds and antioxidants.
But according to Dr Xus team, varieties of rice that are black or purple in colour are healthier still.
They added that black rice could also be used to provide healthier, natural colourants. Studies linked some artificial colourants to cancer and behavioural problems in children.
The scientists presented their findings today at the 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston.
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#Study: Southern California Long Overdue for A major Earthquake A trench at the Bidart Fan sector of the San andreas fault. Researchers find major quakes on the southern section, on average,
every 88 years three times as often as previously thought. Its the strongest evidence yet that were overdue for a massive quake.
Southern California is long overdue for a major earthquake along the San andreas fault, according to a landmark study of historic seismic activity released August 20, 2010.
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if we subsidized the cost of broccoli and asparagus instead of the cost of corn? But it takes a lot of political will to change systems that have existed for decades.
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This could also be a huge win in the fight against GMO foods as U s.-grown corn,
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#Make Microwave Popcorn Using a Simple Brown Paper bag Corn is popped good food. If youve been buying microwave popcorn because of the conveniencer a belief that the bag has special popcorn enhancing powersoull want to check out this incredibly inexpensive way to make microwave popcorn at a sixth the cost of commercial bags.
The writers at Squawkfox, a frugality-centered blog, were shocked when they did the math on how much they were paying for the convenience of pre-bagged popcorn.
When they crunched the numbers they realized they were paying over $3. 50 a pound for popcorn versus $0. 50 for a raw pound of popcorn.
What do you get for the extra three bucks? A whole lot of fancy packaging and a whole lot of questionable ingredients.
From the back of the popcorn box: Popcorn, Partially Hydrogenated Soybean oil, Salt, Natural and Artificial Flavors, Annatto Color.
Contains: Fish, Milk I suppose we should all take comfort that popcorn still comes first in the ranked list before Artificial Flavors and Fish.
In light of prepacked popcorn costing six times more than bulk popcorn kernels they started experimenting with their own versions of microwave popcorn.
All youll need to follow in their footsteps is a brown paper lunch bag, bulk popcorn,
and a measuring cup. Dump half a cup of popcorn into a brown paper bag, fold the top a few times to keep the popcorn from popping out
and making a mess of your microwave, and toss it in the microwave for a minute and a half.
and butter to tasteheck out their full guide at the link below for some creative popcorn seasoning ideas.
How to Microwave Gourmet Popcorn in a Brown Paper bag via Wise Bread Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati c
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#Ban on Russian Grain Exports Causes Surge in U s. Wheat and Corn Prices A severe drought destroyed one-fifth of the wheat crop in Russia
A temporary ban on Russian grain exports will boost income for U s. farmers this year,
Russia, one of the worlds largest exporters of wheat, is facing a shrunken crop due to a severe drought.
That caused a surge in the price of U s. wheat which in turn lifted corn and soybean prices.
The rising grain prices can be expected to at least fulfill, if not exceed, the U s. Department of agricultures forecast of a 10%increase in farm income this year.
But an export-driven surge in transportation demand could cause problems for railroads. Jim Young, CEO of Union pacific, told The Des moines Register s editorial board Thursday that the railroad would be oechallenged to handle a bigger load after this years corn,
soybean and wheat harvests. oein recent years weve had said excess capacity Young, whose Omaha-based railroad connects the Midwest with ports in Texas
and the Pacific coast. oethis year we might have more demand. I am concerned about the availability of freight cars for grain shipments.
In the U s.,wheat for September delivery rose by 60 cents per bushel Thursday on the Chicago Board of Exchange to close at $7. 86, a jump from $4. 50 a month ago when reports
began to surface of extreme heat and drought in Russias wheat-producing territories. Prices are up 45%this year.
Corn rose by 3. 3 cents per bushel Thursday to $4. 04. Prices have risen 20%in the last month.
Soybeans rose 2 cents per bushel to $10. 55. U s. wheat exports are up 36%from last year with the prospects of more sales as the world looks to alternatives to Russian wheat.
Corn exports are up 9%for the year boosted earlier by the first major sales of U s. corn to China in almost a decade.
U s. soybean exports are up 17%this year, surprising analysts who earlier had worried about Brazils big harvest this year.
Arlan Suderman, an analyst with Farm Futures magazine, cautioned that the Russian crop shortfall is a regional, not global problem,
and over the longer term could be covered by larger wheat crops in Argentina and Australia.
Many expect the report to confirm that U s. corn soybean and wheat crops will be huge.
High wheat prices are likely to be felt most in places such as the Middle east and Africa,
where governments subsidize the cost of food. The impact will be developed less in countries, where the price of products such as bread includes costs besides grain, such as packaging and marketing.
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#Zimbabwean Farmer Shocked As Cow Gives Birth To A Pig Could it be. Satan? A Zimbabwean farmer was left stunned
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a novella by Anne Rice published in 1991 as a paperback, illustrates some of the possibilities.
oethe Master of Rampling Gate comes with video interviews with Rice and others. Rice speaks about her inspiration for her works
and about the Gothic genre in which she writes. Within the text are links to Web pages that elaborate on events
Rice said in an interview. Vook (the name is a mash-up of oevideo and oebook) has published more than two dozen titles,
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41 per 100ml 22,550 calories per year Breakfast cereals (not wholegrain or high fibre) The average child eats 3, 650g a year Equal to:
387 per 100g 14,126 calories per year Whole wheat and high fibre cereals The average child eats 6, 570g a year Equal to:
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oeit has profound consequences for the worlds poorest people by pushing up the price of basic foods like wheat and corn.
including rice, which rose 217 per cent, and wheat, which increased by 136 per cent,
resulted in a global food crisis and riots in Haiti, Bangladesh and Egypt. Oxfam said an extra 119 million people were pushed into hunger.
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whole-grain kind of college town where the number of dispensaries anywhere from 50 to 100, depending on
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At the moment only GM CROPS like corn or soy are available for human consumption. Also the Daily telegraph revealed recently that most animal products available in supermarkets
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wraps and corn flour, makes 47%of its sales in the USA and Europe, thanks to the growing popularity of Mexican food.
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and upgrade non-food material, especially dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues such as straw, bagasse, stover and corn hulls.
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potatoes, oats, corn oil flower vegetables, Different color crops so arranged, when looking from afar it seems like God painted them on a cloth so full of gorgeous color.
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The study from Lund University s Faculty of engineering punctures the controversial argument against biofuels made from food crops, such as ethanol from grain,
Biogas from sugar beets, grass, maize, including residue in the form of household waste, industrial waste and manure, biodiesel from rapeseed, ethanol from wheat and sugar beets,
A co-production of biogas and ethanol from wheat was analyzed also. In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, environmental impacts such as eutrophication, acidification,
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#The Secret of the Strength of the Great wall of china Lies in Sticky Rice Mortar The use of sticky rice was one of the greatest technical innovations of the time.
Scientists have discovered the secret behind an ancient Chinese super-strong mortar made from sticky rice, the delicious oesweet rice that is a modern mainstay in Asian dishes.
and colleagues note that construction workers in ancient China developed sticky rice mortar about 1,
500 years ago by mixing sticky rice soup with the standard mortar ingredient. That ingredient is slaked lime,
Sticky rice mortar probably was the worlds first composite mortar, made with both organic and inorganic materials.
or complex carbohydrate, found in rice and other starchy foods, as the oesecret ingredient that appears to be responsible for the mortars legendary strength. oeanalytical study shows that the ancient masonry mortar is a kind of special organic-inorganic composite material,
which comes from the sticky rice soup added to the mortar. Moreover we found that amylopectin in the mortar acted as an inhibitor:
To determine whether sticky rice can aid in building repair, the scientists prepared lime mortars with varying amounts of sticky rice and tested their performance compared to traditional lime mortar. oethe test results of the modeling mortars shows that sticky rice-lime
mortar has more stable physical properties, has greater mechanical strength, and is more compatible, which make it a suitable restoration mortar for ancient masonry,
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Its just straight liquor from fermented corn or wheat mash. None of the luxury-tinged language that surrounds its grown-up siblings, like bourbon or scotch, applies to the dog.
Although illegal in all 50 states, theres a burgeoning culture of home distillers who revel in taking a bowl of corn mush and turning it, through a Rube Goldberg contraption of their making,
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Use as a disposable oesnack bowl for popcorn, chips, etc. Link-via Cynical-C Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati r
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Prosperity in rural India has been helped by growing demand and higher prices for rice, wheat and other produce grown in farming areas.
But it is motivated also by politics. Prime minister Manmohan Singhs Congress party government has pushed what officials call oeinclusive growth to help the rural poor.
sugar cane and rice farmers who live in a rural hamlet called Anandapuram, a name that translates in Tamil to oehappy place.
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