The defatted meal that is produced during this process is high in protein and may be fed to livestock
The digestibility of crude protein and most amino acids in two sources of camelina expellers did not differ from that of canola meal
The work by Kono and his Rice colleagues appeared online recently in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.
Scientists have long been aware of a terahertz peak in nanotubes the tiny cylinders of rolled-up carbon that show so much promise for advanced materials.
Metallic carbon nanotubes are expected to show plasmon resonance in the terahertz and infrared range but no group has demonstrated clearly the existence of plasmons in carbon nanotubes Zhang said.
Previously people proposed one possible explanation--that the terahertz peak is due to interband absorption in the small band gaps in semiconducting nanotubes.
The researchers previously used this fact to demonstrate that aligned carbon nanotubes act as an excellent terahertz polarizer with performance better than commercial polarizers based on metallic grids.
We will be making various terahertz devices architectures and systems based on carbon nanotube plasmons. Rice alumni Erik Há
senior research scientist Rolf Arvidson and Andreas LÃ ttge a research professor of Earth science and chemistry all of Rice.
Seeds from soya peas lupins and other legumes are protein-rich feedstuffs which are given to normal livestock during periods of rapid growth or high egg and milk production.
but the protein content of the feed must be maintained at a high level throughout their life cycle.
This assumption tallies with a much lower activity of enzymes on the surface of cells in the distal intestine--enzymes that facilitate the last stage in the digestion of for example proteins and carbohydrates.
#Researchers find forests with bigger potential for carbon creditusing satellite images researchers at the Center of Geography
and Geomatics (Centrogeo) estimate the quantity of carbon that Mexican forests store and identify the species that best serve as a reservoir.
The one-atom thick carbon-based material elicits rhapsodic descriptions as the strongest thinnest material known.
Similarly the higher uric acid levels in male and female iguanas could be the result of animal protein such as ground beef being fed to iguanas by tourists.
#Proteins passing phases revealeda new method to identify previously hidden details about the structures of proteins may speed the process of novel drug design according to scientists at Rice university.
A unique combination of computational techniques and experimental data helped Rice theorists predict intermediate configurations of proteins that until now have been hard to detect.
and at great cost by eliminating some of the trial and error in identifying new sites on proteins that could be manipulated more easily to treat disease said Rice biological physicist Jos Onuchic.
Onuchic and his team integrated its direct coupling analysis (DCA) method based on genomic databases with structure-based models (SBM) of proteins to produce simulations of how proteins progress through different functional states.
It has been known long that this information is encoded in the protein sequences but it has been hard to extract said Faruck Morcos a postdoctoral researcher at Rice
Proteins the engines that drive biological processes usually collapse into their native states in the blink of an eye.
X-ray crystallography and more recently nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are the most common tools to see how the amino acids in a protein chain arrange themselves based on their attractive and repulsive energies
but they say nothing about the forms the proteins may take along the way Onuchic said.
He said the methods are fine for small proteins or enzymes that have a single functional structure.
But large proteins like molecular motors or signaling proteins have multiple functional conformations some of them too short-lived to be captured by X-ray crystallography.
and predict direct structural contacts between amino acids called residues) from the proteins'genomic roots. Protein sequences are built by ribosomes from genetic data conveyed by MESSENGER RNA molecules.
DCA also allows researchers to compare genetic data across protein families and determine which residues in those families co-evolved.
This information guides the physics-based simulation toward functional conformations that have been conserved through evolution. Simulations at Rice that combined DCA and structural data revealed competing residue contacts that were unique to configurations of proteins with multiple conformations
and led to the discovery of intermediate states Onuchic said. The researchers focused on glutamate-receptor
and ligand-binding proteins that go through large conformational changes like opening and closing upon binding.
They serve as sensors for chemical signals and fulfill their tasks by changing their configurations to trap chemical compounds Morcos said.
With the hybrid SBM+DCA program and improved imaging methods in development theorists and experimentalists will be able to compute
which specific proteins go about their business Onuchic said. You can't design drugs in a vacuum he said.
In the same way we find conformations in the protein's landscape we think are important
Such a scenario could involve including snow cover/albedo in existing greenhouse gas exchanges like the Kyoto protocol or a cap-and-trade program or ecosystem services market in
and produce timber rather than conserve forests and store carbon. Previous studies have put a price on many ecosystem services
The findings contrast with the dominant paradigm that including forest climate mitigation services such as carbon storage on compliance markets will lead to the conservation of forests.
and carbon by using a sophisticated model of the climate and economy called an integrated-assessment model.
and carbon are considered. For instance in spruce and fir stands very short rotation periods of 25 years become economically optimal
and other ecosystem services so they recommend forest managers take those factors into account as they try to maximize the flow of timber carbon storage and albedo in mid-and high-latitude temperate and boreal forests.
and the most recent molecular study doesn't place figs that far back he said.
Using behavioural assays researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany
Compounds that activated these particular sensory neurons induced oviposition. In vivo calcium imaging of the flies brains stimulated with citrus enabled the researchers to identify the corresponding odorant receptor.
Several growers in the U s. pelletize Miscanthus for use as a renewable carbon-neutral energy source.
To enable basic and applied research of this important pest Drosophila suzukii we sequenced the genome to obtain a high-quality reference sequence said molecular geneticist Joanna Chiu of the UC Davis Department of Entomology and Nematology.
Although a number of cultural biological and chemical control methods have been suggested for billbugs in turfgrass
These are three more or less optimistic pathways 5 for change in greenhouse gas concentrations from now until the end of the 21st century.
and IPSL-CM5A-MR-WRF developed by the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) which brings together several environmental science laboratories attached to CNRS including LSCE. 5 The three scenarios selected are RCP2. 6 4. 5 and 8. 5. RCP stands for'Representative Concentration Pathways'.
'Scenario RCP8. 5 is an extreme scenario with a major increase in greenhouse gases. The most optimistic scenario (RCP2. 6) corresponds to virtuous behavior with very low greenhouse gas emissions.
RCP4. 5 is an intermediate scenario. 6 The international scientific community has taken action especially through the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to design
and Central europe and we can find them with new technologies as tine ash particles in the sediment deposits of lakes.
although wood is currently uncompetitive with natural gas-powered boilers in certain states it could compete with other fuel sources such as oil propane and coal.
however the molecular mechanisms controlling this response were known not previously. Research undertaken by Plant & Food Research and the University of Otago has identified the gene controlling bulb development the first step in discovering genetic markers that can be used as tools to screen conventional breeding programmes for new onion varieties with the right genetic
They have shown that in fact the color of an aluminum nanoparticle provides direct evidence of the amount of oxidation of the aluminum material itself.
The paper appears in the American Chemical Society (ACS) journal ACS Nano. Manufacturing pure aluminum nanoparticles has been a roadblock in their development for plasmonics
but the Halas lab created a range of disk-shaped particles from 70 to 180 nanometers in diameter to test their properties.
The labs also characterized the weakening effect of naturally occurring but self-passivating oxidation on aluminum surfaces.
and shell were a single particle dramatically enhancing their response. The calculations should be of great interest to those who use nanoparticles as probes in Raman spectroscopy where quantum tunneling between particles can dampen electric fields
and throw off classical calculations he said. Nordlander noted that Kulkarni's algorithm allowed the team to run one of the largest quantum plasmonics calculations ever performed.
Their discoveries described in a paper published online today in Cell include identification of a molecule that protects neurons from pesticide damage.
For the first time we have used human stem cells derived from Parkinson's disease patients to show that a genetic mutation combined with exposure to pesticides creates a'double hit'scenario producing free radicals in neurons that disable specific molecular pathways that cause nerve-cell death
and others exposed to agricultural chemicals. In the new study Lipton along with Rajesh Ambasudhan Ph d. research assistant professor in the Del E. Webb Center and Rudolf Jaenisch M d. founding member of Whitehead Institute for Biomedical
Research and professor of biology at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) used skin cells from Parkinson's patients that had a mutation in the gene encoding a protein called alpha-synuclein.
Alpha-synuclein is the primary protein found in Lewy bodies--protein clumps that are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease.
The free radicals attacked the MEF2C protein leading to the loss of function of this pathway that would otherwise have protected the nerve cells from the pesticides.
and the molecules that were altered by the pesticides we used high-throughput screening to identify molecules that could inhibit the effect of free radicals on the pathway said Ambasudhan.
One molecule we identified was protected isoxazole which mutant neurons from cell death induced by the tested pesticides.
The team plans to explore additional molecular mechanisms that demonstrate how genes and the environment interact to contribute to Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and ALS.
#Delaying resistance to Bt corn in western corn rootwormcorn that contains proteins that protect it from insect damage has been grown in the U s. since the mid-1990s.
Known as Bt corn because the proteins are derived from a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis these plants have been grown widely by farmers.
which has been documented to show resistance to the Bt proteins. In a new article in the Journal of Integrated Pest Management--an open-access peer-reviewed extension journal--the authors explain why this has occurred
First Bt proteins intended for the European corn borer are produced at a higher dose than the ones intended for rootworms;
which increases the chances of potentially resistant insects mating with non-resistant ones that have not been exposed to Bt proteins;
-Consider using corn that contains different Bt proteins than ones that may have performed poorly in the past. -Consider using pyramided Bt hybrids
which is defined as corn that contains multiple Bt proteins targeting corn rootworm. -If crop rotation is not an option
and corn containing multiple Bt proteins is not available suppression of rootworm adults by using insecticides for one
rotation of Bt proteins and the use of soil insecticides at planting with a non-Bt hybrid.
Although carbon stocks may be the same with or without understory vegetation by controlling competing vegetation carbon is reallocated into the trees instead of shrubs;
and carbon loss to wildfire is reduced. These findings provide useful information for managers in their stand treatment projects within National Forest and private forestlands.
To read the full article go to http://treesearch. fs. fed. us/pubs/45108; or http://www. fs. fed. us/psw/programs/efh/staff/jzhang/for other articles.
They also have an abundance of genes for communication between cells via signaling proteins including small secreted effectors highly expressed during symbiosis. Plant roots send out a plethora of chemical signals
Though it has nearly 30000 protein-encoding genes R. irregularis has lost also hundreds of genes as a result of its close association with plants.
and grains of sand were tested using a combination of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence techniques.
and exhibited extensive collinearity across the gene space species-specific genes involved in stress tolerance such as ion transport ATPASE activity transcript factor activity
and found some genes involved in ion transport and homeostasis such as Nhad1 KUP3 and NCL were distinctly upregulated under salt stress.
They found that one in every three European cities has no plans on the table to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
How cities respond to climate change is important as they are responsible for 31 to 80 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions.
and renewable energy generation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Overall 130 cities (65 percent) have at least a mitigation plan and less than a third (28 percent) also an adaptation plan.
and also set quantitative targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Most (88 percent) mitigation plans quantify targets for carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emission reduction.
Countries vary in their planning: 93 percent of UK cities studied have a mitigation plan
Dutch cities are the most ambitious aiming to be'carbon-''climate-'or'energy-neutral'(100 percent reduction target) by 2050 or earlier.
and placed in hives 90 days before bloom begins The most part of the honey produced in Mexico is exported mostly to Europe where health standards are very high mainly concerning chemical residues.
and hematologic malignancies wrote first author Mazyar Shadman M d. M p h. a senior fellow in the Clinical Research Division at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center.
For the study Shadman principal investigator Emily White Ph d. of the Public health Sciences Division at Fred Hutch and their colleagues drew on a large population-based sample of men and women from the VITAMINS And Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort
The above story is provided based on materials by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Preindustrial rise in greenhouse gases had natural and anthropogenic causesfor years scientists have argued intensely over
Gas bubbles containing ancient air trapped within the ice can be analyzed and correlated with chronological data to determine methane levels on a multidecadal scale.
None of them alone proved sufficient for explaining the greenhouse gas increase. When he developed his own model combining characteristics of both the natural and anthropogenic hypotheses it agreed closely with the ice core data.
and Gynecology at LSU Health Sciences Center New orleans and its Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center has found that a super cocktail of six natural compounds in vegetables fruits spices
The research team tested ten known protective chemical nutrients found in foods like broccoli grapes apples tofu
They tested the compounds individually and in combination. They found that the compounds were ineffective individually.
When combined though the super cocktail suppressed breast cancer cell growth by more than 80%inhibited migration
and BRAC2 previous studies have shown that they are molecular targets of four of the six compounds.
The researchers also earlier demonstrated that two of the compounds synergize effectively to kill ovarian cancer cells.
#¢Root vegetables and members of the onion family share many similar flavor compounds.#¢#¢Roasted turkey and fried turkey have compounds in common with apples chocolate pumpkin pecans molasses honey parsley leaves ham tomatoes and roasted vegetables.
#¢It is worth noting that l-tryptophan is also present to the same extent in other protein foods such as pork ham chicken
and fats consumed during the meal redirects the blood to the digestive system and leaves one feeling sleepy at least until they are revived by that additional slice of pie!
These little particles don't do mixed much when with cold water or any liquid but add a little heat to the mix
which also contains protein and fiber cornstarch is purely starch granules. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Institute of Food Technologists (IFT.
Magnetic pollen replicas offer multimodal adhesionresearchers have created magnetic replicas of sunflower pollen grains using a wet chemical layer-by-layer process that applies highly conformal iron oxide coatings.
The replicas possess natural adhesion properties inherited from the spiky pollen particles while gaining magnetic behavior allowing for tailored adhesion to surfaces.
and a nonnatural oxide chemistry this work provides a unique demonstration of tunable bio-enabled multimodal adhesion.
--while the oxide chemistry provides an adhesion mode that operates over much longer distances--up to one millimeter.
and has been accepted for publication in the journal Chemistry of Materials. A just-accepted version of the manuscript has appeared online.
and dandelion--before choosing particles from the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The sunflower pollen grains are nearly spherical
The researchers washed the burrlike pollen particles with chloroform methanol hydrochloric acid and water to clean the surfaces
Reaction of the iron oxide precursor with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the pollen particles resulted in a highly-conformal coatings.
Heating the particles to 600 degrees Celsius then burned out the organic material from the original pollen grains
and crystallized the iron oxide leaving hollow 3d particles. The shells were heated then again in a controlled oxygen atmosphere to convert the hematite into magnetite (Fe3o4)
The adhesion properties of the magnetic pollen-shaped particles were analyzed then by graduate student Ismael Gomez and professor Carson Meredith both from Georgia Tech's School of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering.
Reproducibly generating large quantities of such cheap microparticles possessing high-aspect surface features over their entire particle surfaces would be quite challenging using synthetic top-down methods Sandhage said.
and explore the variety of shapes available in pollen particles. Now that we know how to generate such particle replicas there is certainly more chemical tailoring that we can explore for adhesion said Sandhage who also holds an adjunct position in Georgia Tech's School of Chemistry and Biochemistry.
Through the proper combination of pollen shape synthetic chemistry and thermal treatments we can significantly expand the range of properties of these pollen replicas.
This research was supported by the U s. Air force Office of Scientific research through award number FA9550-10-1-0555.
This will allow us for the first time to see how individual canopies are functioning on a landscape level to fix carbon
and release oxygen and water said Max Messinger a biology graduate student who worked with chemistry lab manager Marcus Wright to assemble
The findings support recent studies that show high concentrations of arsenic in Brussels sprouts and related vegetables because arsenic binds to the sulfur-containing compounds that give them their characteristic odors.
but dark meat fish also contain arsenic compounds that can be metabolized. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Dartmouth College.
In an intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG) study each time a targeted neuron is active it fires an action potential--a chemical and electrical change that can be recorded for later analysis. Like never before the researchers can witness in human subjects
Only scant research data are available on the effects on the lipid metabolism of ruminants of the forage conventionally used to feed dairy cows.
and at the University of Helsinki studied in her doctoral thesis the role of forage species and conservation method in ruminal lipid metabolism and milk fatty acid composition.
Fresh grass increases the share of oleic acidapproximately one half of milk fat is generated in the mammary glands of cows the other half coming from the fats in forage.
Feeding can be used to affect the lipid metabolism of the rumen and the mammary glands and thereby the fat composition of milk Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau explains.
The most advantageous effect on lipid metabolism is produced by forage from pasture or fresh cut grass.
and increases the share of unsaturated oleic acid in milk fat compared to hay feed says Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau.
The changes in ruminal lipid metabolism are based on the differences between plant species in terms of digestion kinetics and microbial flora in the rumen.
A moderate vegetable oil supplement also further changed the composition of milk fat to become more favorable as human nutrition.
and made little change to the share of trans fatty acids in milk fat except when given as camelina press cake.
and Vitamin c levels in the cultivars. The scientists said that the effects of sugar alcohol zinc applications were equal to
Now in research published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry the researchers present the first characterization of
Using NMR spectroscopy the researchers discovered that the coat is made up of two types of exopolysaccharides (EPS)
which are long sugar-containing molecules that many bacteria use to encapsulate themselves. This capsule may help the bacteria to cope with environmental stress or aid colonisation and adhesion.
Previous studies had identified potential genes in L. johnsonii for producing EPS giving the researchers tools to probe how the bacteria synthesise these molecules.
The structures of these two EPS molecules appear to be unique to this strain. Structural features such as the phosphorylation patterns are likely to be a major influence on how well bacteria adhere.
and future work will focus on unpicking how the EPS molecules in the coat contribute to colonization and pathogen exclusion.
not only measure the chemistry of rocks elemental abundances of soils and wind speeds but also take an incredible number of images from both mast-mounted cameras
and when the particles can be on the order of only 5-10 pixels wide. A team of researchers led by Suniti Karunatillake at LSU's Department of Geology
These grain sizes tell scientists about the processes that distributed the particles from their source regions to where they are now.
Nadir Erbilgin associate professor and Canada Research Chair in Forest Entomology in the U of A's Department of Renewable Resources has been investigating pheromones--airborne chemical compounds that trigger a social response among individuals
The compounds are providing insight into how the beetles swarm in destructive numbers in the Canadian boreal forest including Alberta.
which visual and chemical cues would combine to attract high numbers of beetles. Trap trees are used to concentrate
Because the trees differ in their chemistry relating to beetle attraction and colonization differences in beetle responses are to be expected he added.
The chemical compounds play a key role in the insect's ability to find a mate and to overcome tree defences.
The U of A study published recently in New Phytologist investigated the tree chemical compounds that play critical roles in the beetle's pheromone production and attraction in both their established lodgepole pine host and in the newer jack pine host.
Without this initial chemical signalling the beetles couldn't aggregate on the same tree Erbilgin noted.
Beetle attacks also induce a release of a volatile tree chemical 3-carene. Field tests conducted by Erbilgin
Much of the valuable and heat-sensitive substances especially milk proteins and Vitamin b remains undenaturated explains Dr. Ana Lucia Vá
when the electromagnetic waves are absorbed by the polar molecules of the milk this makes the molecules oscillate over the entire volume
in addition to timber food and other provisioning services such as carbon sequester and storage reducing flood risk and leisure use.
We need to understand the molecular basis of pathogenicity and herbivores as well as why some species reach epidemic prevalence and abundance.
Many of the benefits from woodlands and forests for example carbon storage maintenance of biodiversity and recreational use are enjoyed uncosted
These bioactive compounds respectively help to prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This is contained in a study carried out by the University of Barcelona and the CIBEROBN network Spain
but the beneficial compounds of this product had never been analysed. Now researchers from the University of Barcelona (UB) and the Biomedical Research Centres Network--Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN) of the Carlos III Health Institute have identified for the first time polyphenols
and carotenoids-healthy antioxidant substances-in sofrito by using a high resolution mass spectrometry technique. The results have been published in the'Food Chemistry'magazine
and they show the presence of at least 40 types of polyphenols. These compounds produced by plants and
which we eat are reduced related to cardiovascular diseases Rosa Marã a Lamuela researcher at the UB and the person responsible for the project told SINC.
Other bioactive compounds found in the sofrito are carotenoids and Vitamin c. Various studies have shown that the intake of carotenoids such as lycopene prevents prostate cancer
The combination of these foods equals the bio-health compounds of each one separately. With regard to oil scientists recommend using virgin olive oil instead of sunflower oil.
Researchers have performed also a statistical analysis with the levels of phenolic and carotenoid compounds present in each sofrito
Isotope data show that they ate these species and the dog may have been derived from a wolf similar to these ancient wolves in the late Pleistocene of Europe.
Losses or gains in forest cover shape many important aspects of an ecosystem including climate regulation carbon storage biodiversity
the carbon stored or emitted as a result of gains or losses in tree cover in both managed and unmanaged forests;
Some local governments have agreed to reduce carbon emissions the authors said Tuesday. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Florida Institute of food and agricultural sciences.
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