and you're apt to scarf'em all down--began coming out of the bag today in research presented at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.
If scientists can pinpoint the molecular triggers in snacks that stimulate the reward center in the brain it may be possible to develop drugs
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People with apple-shaped bodies--when fat is concentrated mostly in the abdominal area--are more likely than those with pear-shaped bodies to develop kidney disease.
For example when gypsy moth caterpillars consume foliage high in certain toxic compounds transmission of viruses between the caterpillars is reduced facilitating moth outbreaks.
Their research which found some of the highest lead levels in baby food was among almost 12000 reports scheduled for the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society.
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in addition to protecting Salmonella from heat-processing and sanitizers such as bleach biofilms preserve the bacteria in extremely dry conditions
and saltwater desalination plants as the solution to water scarcity. By the mid-1990s the megaproject approach was viewed widely as a poor response to a water crisis worsened by population growth and climate change.
The talks at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society focused on
and the nanogumbos materials--particles so small that 100000 could fit across the width of a human hair.
If even an early form of cancer were present the particles would accumulate in the abnormal tissue
Warner said that nanogumbos technology allows scientists to produce new nanoparticles in a focused way such that these particles are produced for specific uses from the beginning.
In chemistry a salt is a substance formed when an acid neutralizes a base. Organic substances are simply those containing carbon.
An example of an organic salt is one that forms when an organic acid reacts with
and on the development of many innovative methods over the course of his career Warner will receive the ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry sponsored by the Battelle Memorial Institute on April 9.
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In a paper published online in Nature Neuroscience the U-M team shows that a particular protein called FIP200 governs this cleaning process in neural stem cells in mice.
but the mechanism at the molecular level has not been clear says Jun-Lin Guan Ph d. the senior author of the FIP200 paper
Abnormally higher levels of ROS can cause neural stem cells to start differentiating Guan is a professor in the Molecular Medicine & Genetics division of the U-M Department of Internal medicine and in the Department of Cell & Developmental Biology.
--whose full name is focal adhesion kinase family interacting protein of 200 kd--in cellular biology for more than a decade.
In addition they will study the importance of p53 and p62 another key protein component for autophagy to neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in relation to FIP200.
-M Department of Neurology research lab member Christine Bian and Yuan Zhu Ph d. an associate professor in Molecular Medicine & Genetics and Cell & Developmental Biology.
#Limiting greenhouse gas emissions from land use in Europenot only do humans emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
but they also do things that help remove these gases from the atmosphere--for example planting more forests
or other land management techniques can lead to greater uptake of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
The study showed that the biggest mitigation potential lies in cutting emissions from agriculture such as livestock production as well as in managing forests effectively to increase their role as a carbon sink.
That was the word today from an overview of the chemistry of hangovers presented as part of the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world's largest scientific society.
and Yak-a-Men--have salts protein and other ingredients that help people recover from the effects of imprudent consumption of alcohol.
protein from beef chicken or shrimp; onions or chopped scallions; and sliced hard-boiled egg. Vendors often sell the soup from sidewalk carts during New orleans festivals
Mitchell spoke on the chemistry and physiology of the hangover at a symposium Chemistry of the Bar which connects with the ACS meeting's core theme The Chemistry of Energy and Food.
Hundreds of the 12000 reports on new advances in science scheduled for presentation at the meeting relate to that theme.
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& Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society being held here this week.
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Amy Townsend-Small a UC assistant professor of geology and geography will present her research Carbon Sequestration
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Urban Ecosystems at the Association of American Geographers annual meeting to be held April 9-13 in Los angeles. The interdisciplinary forum is attended by more than 7000 scientists from around the world and features an array
either be a small sink--meaning they store carbon--or a small source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
For her research Townsend-Small monitored the carbon uptake and storage--known as carbon sequestration--in the soil of urban lawns in Los angeles and Cincinnati.
Despite the extreme climate variation between the two regions she found the lawns had surprisingly similar abilities to absorb carbon and store it in soils.
Townsend-Small found that while having a well-cared-for lawn will improve its carbon-quelling capacity intensive lawn care isn't worth the atmospheric side effects.
and fossil fuel energy expended to keep lawns looking lush consumes so much energy that it counteracts the soil's natural carbon sequestration abilities.
This means more lawns don't require irrigation helping reduce the carbon cost of lawn maintenance and preserve the carbon sequestration benefits.
and analyzed the emission of powerful greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. The University of Cincinnati proved to be an ideal location for Townsend-Small's project thanks to the proximity of the managed green spaces on campus and the natural environment of nearby city parks.
and preserve the carbon storage in soils. Townsend-Small's research could prove useful to cities businesses
When measuring your carbon footprint remember to thoroughly evaluate what's underfoot. Urban green space usually gets a lot of credit for all the benefits to the atmosphere Townsend-Small says.
& Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world s largest scientific society Nancy N. Rabalais Ph d. emphasized that oil spills like the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster claim a terrible toll.
The amounts of phosphorus fertilizer compounds in the Lower Mississippi have doubled and nitrogen compounds have tripled nitrogen over the last 50 years Rabalais said.
Rabalais pointed out that advances in chemistry and other fields do promise solutions. Fertilizers that stay in the soil and resist runoff for instance could have a big impact.
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and land use change and our energy choices (such as biofuels oil sands and shale gas). In this talk we discuss the drivers affecting water sustainability
Technological solutions to these problems that employ the latest developments in materials science chemistry biology and electronics are capable of greatly enhancing the performance of these systems.
William F. Banholzer1 Phd The Dow chemical Company Executive department 2030 Dow Center Midland MI 48674 United states 989-636-0718 mbiehler@dow. comdow
is a leader in purification separation and chemical technology with a longstanding legacy of technology innovation for improving water quality and utilization.
Communities throughout the world depend on Dow reverse osmosis membrane technology for desalination and water reclamation.
In addition new processes for chemical production have been deployed that dramatically reduce wastewater production helping to preserve freshwater resources.
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and leach into local groundwater supplies said Avner Vengosh professor of geochemistry and water quality at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment.
Elements in low-saline water have different stable isotope signatures or fingerprints than those in high-saline water.
Now researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) through support from the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) have shed literally new light on cellulase catalysis. Using an ultrahigh-precision visible light microscopy
The enzymatic breakdown of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars has been the Achilles heel of biofuels a key economic bottleneck says chemical engineer Harvey Blanch one of the leaders of this research.
Fossil fuels are responsible for the annual release of nearly nine billion metric tons of excess carbon into the atmosphere.
either crystalline or amorphous but these categories were probably more reflec tive of the limitations of imaging methods than the underlying structural organization of the cellulose says Jerome Fox lead author of the Nature Chemical Biology paper
Previously it was not possible to resolve individual proteins on densely labeled heterogeneous surfaces such as those in plant cell walls
and determine the specific location where an individual enzyme molecule was binding. Enter PALM a technique in
which target proteins are labeled with tags that fluoresce when activated by weak ultraviolet light. By keeping the intensity of the UV light sufficiently low researchers can photoactivate individual proteins to image them
and determine their location. We're the first to use PALM to study the interplay of enzyme activity
and Fox other co-authors of the paper A single-molecule analysis reveals morphological targets for cellulase synergy were Phillip Jess Rakesh Jambusaria and Genny Moo.
#Microalgae produce more oil faster for energy, food or productsscientists have described technology that accelerates microalgae's ability to produce many different types of renewable oils for fuels chemicals foods
The presentation was part of the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) on April 7.
while changing the triglyceride oil paradigm by their ability to tailor the oil profiles by carbon chain and saturation.
This breakthrough allows us to create oils optimized for everything from high-performance jet and diesel fuel to renewable chemicals to skin-care products and heart-healthy food oils.
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--and the challenges of feeding a global population of 9 billion in a keynote talk at the 245th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society the world's largest scientific society.
Scientists know that food waste in landfills for instance releases methane gas as it decomposes. Methane is about 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas that fosters global warming.
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& Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) the world's largest scientific society being held here this week.
While producing nanocellulose the algae will absorb carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas linked to global warming.
Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer On earth a material like plastics consisting of molecules linked together into long chains.
They also pinpointed the genes involved in polymerizing nanocellulose (linking its molecules together into long chains)
Biofuels he said will face a difficult time for decades into the future in competing with the less-expensive natural gas now available with hydraulic fracturing or fracking.
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--so long as he can find a manufacturer for the drug. 1 Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals from neurons (nerve cells) to target cells. 2 Funding:
and as they head into jack pine forests where the defensive compounds may be different this variation could allow them to be more successful in new environments explains Keeling.
Cellular/Molecular Biol) Nancy Liao (M. Sc. MBB; Diana Palmquist (B. Sc. MBB) and Shaun Jackman (B. Sc.
According to the study 2. 7 billion tonnes of CO2 or 30%of the carbon emissions associated with deforestation in the last decade was exported from Brazil.
and joins Queen Mary's School of Biological and Chemical sciences later this year. Most worker bees visit thousands of flowers every day in their search for nectar to feed their queen's brood.
#Hepatitis a virus discovered to cloak itself in membranes hijacked from infected cellsviruses have historically been classified into one of two types--those with an outer lipid-containing envelope and those without an envelope.
These ecosystems are potential major sources of atmospheric methane an important greenhouse gas. UAVSAR will help us better understand processes involved with the exchange of methane between Earth's land and atmosphere and with the contribution of these unique ecosystems to Earth's climate.
The data will be used to evaluate how much carbon the forests contain and assess their vulnerability to human and natural disturbances.
There the UV light interacted with the neutral hydrogen gas it met blasting electrons off the hydrogen atoms and leaving behind a plasma of negatively charged electrons and positively charged hydrogen ions.
and in this case they helped the astronomers understand the relationship between the stars and gas in these galaxies.
We're looking at the gas like the tablecloth and seeing how much light it has absorbed.
Their study which includes molecular evidence that sorghum lacks the proteins toxic to people with celiac disease appears in ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.
Paola Pontieri and colleagues explain that those gluten proteins present in wheat and barley trigger an immune reaction in people with celiac disease that can cause abdominal pain and discomfort constipation diarrhea and other symptoms.
The researchers set out to make a detailed molecular determination of whether sorghum contains those toxic gluten proteins.
They describe evidence from an analysis of the recently published sorghum genome the complete set of genes in the plant
and other sources that verify the absence of gluten proteins. The authors also report that sorghum has high nutritional value.
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The discovery is featured a editor's choice in an online version of the chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
and create greenhouse gases. The U s. Department of energy says that hydrogen fuel has the potential to dramatically reduce reliance of fossil fuels
Unlike gas-powered engines that spew out pollutants the only byproduct of hydrogen fuel is water.
Obstacles to commercial production of hydrogen gas from biomass previously included the high cost of the processes used and the relatively low quantity of the end product.
The biocatalysts used to release the hydrogen are a group of enzymes artificially isolated from different microorganisms that thrive at extreme temperatures some
and reproduce instead of splitting water molecules to yield pure hydrogen. To liberate the hydrogen Virginia Tech scientists separated a number of enzymes from their native microorganisms to create a customized enzyme cocktail that does not occur in nature.
The energy stored in xylose splits water molecules yielding high-purity hydrogen that can be utilized directly by proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
Even more appealing this reaction occurs at low temperatures generating hydrogen energy that is greater than the chemical energy stored in xylose and the polyphosphate.
That means that low-temperature waste heat can be used to produce high-quality chemical energy hydrogen for the first time. Other processes that convert sugar into biofuels such as ethanol and butanol always have energy efficiencies of less than 100 percent resulting in an energy penalty.
The commercial market for hydrogen gas is now around $100 billion for hydrogen produced from natural gas
and generates a large amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Industry most often uses hydrogen to manufacture ammonia for fertilizers
Additional resources were contributed by the Shell Gamechanger Program the Virginia Tech College of Agriculture and Life sciences'Biodesign and Bioprocessing Research center and the U s. Department of energy Bioenergy Science Center along with the Division of Chemical sciences
The molecular characterizations of CTCS will provide real-time information allowing us to choose the right treatment for the right patient at the right time.
and limited capability of captured cells to be utilized for later molecular analysis. Our technology is the combination of three state-of-the-art technologies:
and maintain their integrity for sophisticated genomic and behavioral analyses said Hsian-Rong Tseng Phd associate professor of molecular and medical pharmacology at UCLA and the inventor of the Nanovelcro Chip concept and device.
UCLA researchers were supported by a Creativity Award from the Prostate Cancer Foundation and research grants (R21 CA151159 and R33 CA157396) from the National institutes of health/National Cancer Institute Innovative Molecular Analysis
The organic cookies and yogurt were said to taste'lower in fat'than the regular variety
and digestible phosphorus. Fat content was held not constant across diets; the diets containing more corn germ also contained more fat.
#Soils in newly forested areas store substantial carbon that could help offset climate changesurface appearances can be so misleading:
In most forests the amount of carbon held in soils is substantially greater than the amount contained in the trees themselves.
If you're a land manager trying to assess the potential of forests to offset carbon emissions
and climate change by soaking up atmospheric carbon and storing it what's going on beneath the surface is critical.
and predict the amount of aboveground carbon accumulating in a forest the details of soil-carbon accounting have been a bit fuzzy.
Two University of Michigan researchers and their colleagues helped to plug that knowledge gap by analyzing changes in soil carbon that occurred
U-M ecologist Luke Nave and his colleagues found that in general growing trees on formerly nonforested land increases soil carbon.
Previous studies have been equivocal about the effects of so-called afforestation on soil carbon levels. Collectively these results demonstrate that planting trees
or allowing them to establish naturally on nonforested lands has a significant positive effect on the amount of carbon held in soils said Nave an assistant research scientist at the U-M Biological Station and in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
These forest soils represent a significant carbon reservoir that is helping to offset carbon emissions that lead to climate change said Nave lead author of the paper.
Large and rapid increases in soil carbon were observed on forested land that had previously been used for surface mining
On a post-mining landscape the amount of soil carbon generally doubled within 20 years of mining termination
and portions of the Midwest--takes about 40 years to cause a detectable increase in soil carbon.
But at the end of a century's time the amount of soil carbon averages 15 percent higher than when the land was under cultivation with the biggest increases (up to 32 percent) in the upper two inches of the soil.
In places where trees and shrubs have encroached into native grassland soil carbon increased 31 percent after several decades according to the study.
and managing the carbon balance of U s. lands by putting a number on the changes in soil carbon that occur during this sort of land-use transition Nave said.
Most of the organic carbon in forest soils comes from the growth and death of roots and their associated fungi he said.
The study involved a reexamination of 46 research papers published between 1957 and 2010 as well as an analysis of 409 soil profiles from the National Soil Carbon Network database.
Corn and cotton have been modified genetically to produce pest-killing proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt for short.
This is just the first step in our effort to better engineer a process for capturing CO2 from flue gas at power plants said George Hirasaki the lead researcher of Rice's CO2-capture research team The researchers hope to reduce the costs of CO2 capture by creating an integrated
Hirasaki's team was one of 16 chosen by the Department of energy (DOE) in 2011 to develop innovative techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
The team's first findings appear in two new studies that are available online this month in the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
and natural gas account for about half of the CO2 that humans add to the atmosphere each year; these power plants are prime candidates for new technology that captures CO2 before it goes up in smoke.
Hirasaki Rice's A j. Hartsook Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering said employing waste heat is just one example of a number of ways that Rice's team is looking to improve upon a tried-and-true technology for CO2 capture.
That technology--a two-phase chemical process--has been used for decades to remove naturally occurring CO2 from natural gas.
In the first phase of the process gas is piped upward through a vertical column while an ammonia-like liquid called amine flows down through the column.
The liquid amine captures CO2 and drains away while the purified natural gas bubbles out the top of the column.
The CO2 that comes out of the ground with natural gas is under high pressure while the CO2 at power plants is said not Hirasaki There's also a greater volume of CO2 per unit mass at a power plant than at a natural gas well.
For these reasons and others the amine process must be engineered re if it is to be cost-effective for CO2 capture at power plants.
To test this idea Warudkar used a software package that's commonly used to model industrial chemical processes.
One variable he tested was tailoring the chemical formulation of the liquid amine solution. Other variables included the type of steam used and the size and pressure of the reactor--the chamber where the flue gas flows past the amine solution.
There's a great deal of optimization that needs to take place Warudkar said. The question is What is the optimal amine formula
which the gas absorption and solvent heating occurs in a single vessel instead of two separate ones as is practiced currently.
Study co-authors include Michael Wong professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering and of chemistry and Ken Cox professor in the practice of chemical and biomolecular engineering.
#Even graphene has weak spotsgraphene the single-atom-thick form of carbon has become famous for its extraordinary strength.
The kryptonite to this Superman of materials is in the form of a seven-atom ring that inevitably occurs at the junctions of grain boundaries in graphene where the regular array of hexagonal units is interrupted.
Calculations by the Rice team of theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson and his colleagues in China were reported this month in the American Chemical Society journal Nano Letters.
Graphene sheets grown in a lab often via chemical vapor deposition are almost neverperfect arrays of hexagons Yakobson said.
and the atoms at these boundaries are forced occasionally to change the way they bond by the unbreakable rules of topology.
Most common of the defects in graphene formation studied by Yakobson's group are adjacent five-and seven-atom rings that are a little weaker than the hexagons around them.
The team calculated that the particular seven-atom rings found at junctions of three islands are the weakest points where cracks are most likely to form.
They determined through molecular dynamics simulation and good old mathematical analysis that in a graphene quilt the grain boundaries act like levers that amplify the tension (through a dislocation pileup) and concentrate it at the defect either where the three domains meet or where a grain boundary between two domains ends.
Yakobson is Rice's Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and professor of chemistry.
#Cancer biologists find DNA-damaging toxins in common plant-based foodsin a laboratory study pairing food chemistry
Its gene product makes repair proteins that mend DNA. The higher the level of DNA damage the more p53 becomes activated.
But it's clear that plants contain many compounds that are meant to deter humans and animals from eating them like cellulose in stems
For the study published online February 8 in Food and Chemical Toxicology Kern and his team sought advice from scientists at the U s. Department of agriculture about food products and flavorings.
To do this study well we had to think like food chemists to extract chemicals from food
which makes a fluorescent compound that glows when p53 is activated the scientists mixed dilutions of the food products
so Kern's team analyzed p53 activity triggered by the chemicals found in liquid smoke.
Postdoctoral fellow Zulfiquer Hossain tracked down the chemicals responsible for the p53 activity. The strongest p53 activity was found in two chemicals:
pyrogallol and gallic acid. Pyrogallol commonly found in smoked foods is also found in cigarette smoke hair dye tea coffee bread crust roasted malt
and gallic acid but there could be ways to remove the two chemicals from foods and flavorings.
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