Turns out a particular protein released during the development of chickens quail and most other birds nips penis development in the bud according to the new research published today (June 6) in the journal Current Biology.
They expected to find something missing in chickens some mysterious molecular factor that would have spurred
This protein shows up along the whole length of the primitive genital swelling seen in early chick development;
To make sure Bmp4 was really doing the penis-stifling deed the researchers applied the protein to duck penises. Sure enough development halted.
Bmp proteins are responsible for the origin of feathers in birds and their loss of teeth.
and'60s spread a radioactive variety of carbon worldwide which was picked up by plants during photosynthesis
By looking at the levels of this carbon isotope known as carbon-14 in elephant tusks and ivory researchers can find out how old they are.
Isotopes are versions of elements that have differing numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. Knowing the age of elephant tusks is important
A critical tool Atmospheric bomb testing caused a spike in carbon-14 that has declined slowly in the past 50 years.
By measuring the concentration of this type of carbon researchers are given two possible dates for the age of the sample before and after the spike on the curve of carbon-14 concentrations.
Tufenkji's earlier work found that chemicals in cranberries called proanthocyanidins (PACS) similarly hindered the gene in E coli responsible for growing flagellar filament.
Scientists at the University of Rennes in Rennes France found that compounds in cranberries could block up to 80 percent of E coli from attaching to the cells lining the urethra in a laboratory setting.
Flu viruses are named for their proteins the H in the name comes from hemagglutinin and the N from neuraminidase.
If scientists saw changes in the H7n7's proteins for instance they could see if it wasâ becoming more dangerous to humans said Racaniello who was involved not in the new study.
A key development for the virus was altering its proteins so it could bind to the cells in the upper respiratory tracts of chickens.
or artifacts but to look for clues in the soil chemistry that might reveal the population of Tikal in its prime.
and fellow researchers looked for signatures of corn in the carbon isotopes (carbon atoms with different molecular weights) of 185 soil cores.
reducing or eliminating products that contain trans fats; ensuring that at least half of all grains served were whole grains;
The salt will change the protein structure within the muscle fibers so the turkey will hold onto more moisture in the cooking process Bishop explained.
but it has a ton of protein to fuel those nutrition-loving minds. Use frozen vegetables:
Conserving the gum trees provides myriad benefits that help mitigate climate change from absorbing carbon to creating feedback loops that increase the amount of rainfall.
which are tiny organs within cells that convert the molecules in the food we eat into chemical energy the cell can use.
and generate no greenhouse gases. So what s theâ power source? Human muscles. These vehicles are powered by the students legs and sometimes arms.
(4100 kilograms) of greenhouse-gas emissions would be avoided. If 5 percent of the U s. population were to switch from automobiles to human-powered vehicles for most of their trips the aggregate difference would be a reduction of 31 million tons (28 million metric tons) of greenhouse
gases and a savings of more than 3 billion gallons (11 billion liters) of gasoline. It is true that this represents a small fraction of total U s. greenhouse-gas emissions
but it is a significant tonnage nonetheless. Â Studies have shown that people who commute by bicycle live longer
Whereas the underlying layer of shells might not obviously result from human activity molecules detected in the underlying layer are linked to human feces.
Rising greenhouse gases Climate scientists are expecting the atmospheric carbon dioxide level to exceed 400 parts per million any day now
Hitting that level means there are 400 molecules of carbon dioxide in the air for every 1 million air molecules.
7 Crucial Tipping Points The results of this new study represent an important contribution toward understanding how Earth is affected by man-made greenhouse gases said Kate Moran an ocean engineer who was not involved with the study.
This new paleoclimate record adds to the growing evidence that Earth's sensitivity to these levels of greenhouse gases may be higher than previously thought Moran said.
Like plants these organisms convert sunlight to chemical energy via photosynthesis and serve as the base of the food chain.
Blow to geoengineering The relatively modest effects that this volcanic iron apparently had on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels strike another blow against so-called geoengineering schemes that aim to reduce levels of greenhouse gases by adding large amounts
This negative pressure can make some of the sap go from liquid to gas much as high temperatures can make liquid water turn into water vapor.
These gas bubbles can obstruct the flow of liquid in plants significantly disrupting their lives.
which gas flows in and out of them That stops evaporation to arrest this chain reaction
but it also stops photosynthesis said chemical engineer Abraham Stroock at Cornell University in Ithaca N y. All in all this is why you don't have to mow the lawn
Well-preserved mammoths have been dug out of the Siberian tundra containing bone marrow skin hair and fat. If a living mammoth cell were found it could be grown in a lab
The worms also change the soil chemistry decreasing levels of calcium potassium and phosphorous. The net result is a loss of understory plants the young trees ferns
#IPCC Green-Lights Kyoto Protocol, Wetlands Reports Countries tallying their total greenhouse gas emissions can now get a better estimate thanks to two new reports adopted this week by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change at a meeting in Batumi Georgia. One report improves the total greenhouse gas inventory for countries participating in the Kyoto Protocol the international treaty to limit greenhouse gas emissions.
The other report is a more accurate assessment of gases emitted and absorbed by wetlands.
To mitigate climate change means to know well where the emissions of greenhouse gases come from
and removals (such as carbon trapped by trees). The IPCC's new methodology report updates the methods for estimating man-made greenhouse gas emissions
and removal by sinks resulting from land use activities such as planting new forests. The new wetlands report fills in a substantive knowledge gap Thelma Krug co-chair of the IPCC's Task force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories said during the news conference.
Wetlands draining and rewetting is a new elective activity for reporting under the Kyoto Protocol Krug said.
The report warns that cuts are needed in greenhouse gas emissions to keep an increase in average global temperature below 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) by 2100.
and other greenhouse gases will need to be cut in order to keep the increase in average global temperature to less than 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius)
Given current patterns of emissions approximately 1 trillion tons of carbon could be burned and emitted into the atmosphere before the increase in the planet's average surface temperature creeps above 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit the panelists said.
We cannot emit more than 1000 billion 1 trillion tons of carbon of which already 54 percent has been emitted Stockersaid.
but we give very relevant guidance for the total amount of carbon that cannot be exceeded in terms of emissions in order to stay below 2 degrees Celsius 3. 6 degrees Fahrenheit.
even if measures are introduced today to reduce greenhouse gas emissions the 3. 6-degree limit will likely be surpassed by the end of the century.
of carbon emissions. Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system Stocker said.
Limiting climate change will require substantial and sustained reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. The report found that atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide methane
and nitrous oxide are now at levels that are unprecedented in at least the last 800000 years. Now what?
The third part of the name oedeoxyribo also has a chemical sound to it but this just refers to ribose
which is a sugar a bit like glucose but with fewer carbons. The oedeoxy part means the ribose is missing one oxygen atom.
This makes DNA a very stable non-reactive molecule and ideal for the long term storage of genetic information.
It is also a good food. I am sure because nearly all the food we eat contains DNA and lots of it.
Basically DNA like proteins and complex carbohydrates gets broken down into pieces this is what digestion is all about.
and used by other cells to build new molecular structures in your body including possibly your own DNA.
The strain of GM wheat found in Oregon was developed by the biotechnology company Monsanto officials confirmed.
Years ago Monsanto did research on GM wheat but the company ended its tests in 2005 without bringing the crop to market.
In order for Monsanto to gain approval to grow GM wheat to sell the company would need to petition the U s. Department of agriculture said Gregory Jaffe director of the Project on Biotechnology at the Center for Science
and the Public interest (CSPI) a consumer advocacy organization Monsanto never completed this petition Jaffe said.
Part of the reason Monsanto didn't follow through with its GM wheat may have been concern over the public's acceptance of the product.
But even if Monsanto's GM wheat got out (although there's no evidence that it has) it would be perfectly safe Sneller said.
When Monsanto was considering GM wheat the company consulted with the FDA and the agency said it had no concerns about the products'safety Smith said.
But it is possible to create a GM food that is unsafe for instance researchers could insert a gene that allowed the plant to produce an allergen or a protein to
People with the intestinal condition celiac disease have to avoid eating foods that contain gluten proteins that occur naturally in wheat rye and barley.
The only choice for the up to 3 million Americans living with CD is to adhere strictly to a gluten-free diet said Virginia A. Cox associate commissioner of the FDA's Office of External affairs. For these people consuming gluten can damage the intestines prevent the absorption of vitamins
and the best bang for your buck there's more you should know. 4 Tips for Finding Time for Healthy Cooking The health benefits of olive oil are 99 percent related to the presence of the phenolic compounds not the oil itself said Nasir
They act as antioxidants reducing oxidation and cell damage which leads to many degenerative diseases. They even reduce microbial activity and infections.
but has roughly the same number of genes (stretches of DNA that code for a specific protein) as the widely studied plant Aradbidopsis
The chemicals are sprayed also directly on locusts instead of on vegetation or the ground are used only in small quantities
Such specialists increasingly rely on a new family of bio-pesticides such as a chemical called Green Muscle that comes from a naturally occurring fungus that only attacks locusts.
Although she was supposed to be used to barter for English prisoners she turned into a catalyst for peace.
#Japan Scales Back Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals Japan is slashing its greenhouse gas reduction goals in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear accident which has caused the country to replace its nuclear power with coal natural gas
Instead of reducing greenhouse gases by 25 percent from their 1990 levels Japan's goals will aim for a 3 percent rise over those levels
Before the accident caused by the massive tsunami that inundated the coast in 2011 the country's sole plan for achieving greenhouse gas reductions focused on nuclear power.
and low-cost cigarettes from unscrupulous vendors will yield tremendous health dividends that will compound in the future.
A new analysis by the Pembina Institute Forecasting the impacts of oilsands expansion reveals that this rapid expansion of Alberta's tar-sands operations will raise overall carbon pollution by 250 percent due to
the intensive greenhouse-gas emissions associated with tar-sands operations. The Keystone XL pipeline is regarded widely as essential to enabling the tar-sands industry to achieve that dramatic level of growthand
therefore become a major driver of global greenhouse-gas emissions. For example Goldman sachs recently acknowledged that without Keystone XL lower prices for tar sands
Keystone XL will directly lead to a significant increase in greenhouse-gas emissions and under President Barack Obama's climate test the pipeline should be rejected.
However this molecular mishap didn t hurt the plant. Â Instead the duplicated DNA took on new beneficial functions.
Amazing Stories of Summer Fruits oethe duplication contributed to adding additional members of gene families that are involved in regulating important kiwifruit characteristics such as fruit Vitamin c flavonoid
since the latter is related to the proteins in milk rather than lactose. Symptoms and Causes Although reduced levels of lactase could result in improper absorption of lactose only people with low lactase level
and metabolized by bacteria in the colon to produce gas and short chain fatty acids. This results in abdominal cramps bloating diarrhea flatulence and nausea.
It may be possible in the future to carbon date the shoes to confirm their age. Why they were left in the temple in antiquity
They found that animal fat coated the bandages of the calf and goat mummies; in the case of the calf the fat was on bandages not in contact with the meat suggesting it had been smeared on as a preservative rather than seeping through as grease.
The most intriguing chemical profile appeared on the beef mummy however. The bandaging around the mummy contained remnants of an elaborate balm made of fat or oil and resin from a Pistacia tree a shrubby desert plant.
This resin was a luxury item in ancient Egypt Evershed and his colleagues report today (Nov 18) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It was used as incense and varnish on high-quality coffins but it was used not as a human mummification resin for at least 600 years after the deaths of Tjuiu and Yuya.
The project adopted two distinct approaches to evolutionary studies molecular data which examines DNA and morphological data
10 Coolest Genome sequences The molecular team gathered DNA sequences of living animals while the morphology team analyzed the anatomy of both living and extinct mammals.
The molecular team was limited largely to living mammals because researchers currently cannot extract genetic material from fossils more than 30000 years old so morphological data was key
When drought hits a forest and kills trees dead wood releases carbon dioxide as it rots instead of absorbing heat-trapping greenhouse gas from the atmosphere as plants normally do.
In your background research find out which types of plants prefer slightly alkaline or acidic soils.
If the mixture reacts with the vinegar by fizzing the soil is highly alkaline. This test is the least accurate as it will only show results
if the soil is very acidic or alkaline. 3. Use a cabbage juice indicator. Prepare your indicator solution by chopping a red cabbage into very fine pieces.
If the solution is light blue the soil is slightly alkaline darker blues shading to green represent higher ph values.
which means they will cause chemical burns! You are unlikely to find very strong acid
or Vitamin d supplements and got regular exercise and whether or not women had entered menopause all factors that can influence bone health.
It's higher in saturated fat and has lesser amounts of bone-beneficial nutrients such as calcium protein and Vitamin d.
In addition the study found that eating cheese both hard cheeses like cheddar and Swiss and soft cheeses such as cottage and ricotta was linked not with higher bone mineral density of the hip or spine.
because the researchers lumped all kinds of cheese into one big category including processed varieties high in fat and sodium
 Sahni suspects the various nutrients in dairy foods their protein calcium and Vitamin d content for example work in synergy
and together they have a better effect on bone health than any of these single nutrients acting alone.
Roman locavores To determine diets from the Roman skeletons the researchers analyzed the bones for isotopes of carbon and nitrogen.
Isotopes are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons and are incorporated into the body from food.
Such isotopes of carbon can tell researchers which types of plants people consumed. Grasses such as wheat and barley are called C3 plants;
The differences in photosynthesis create different ratios of carbon isotopes preserved in the bones of the people who ate the plants.
Nitrogen isotopes on the other hand give insight into the kinds of protein sources people ate. We found that people were eating very different things Killgrove said.
One man whose isotope ratios showed him to be a major millet consumer was likely an immigrant later research revealed.
Gluten is a protein found in many grains including wheat rye and barley. It's found in most breads cereals pastas and many processed foods according to Webmd.
and so they need to avoid the protein. About 1 percent of the population has celiac disease.
That's because whole grains which contain gluten are a good source of fiber vitamins
Studies show gluten-free diets can be deficient in fiber iron folate niacin thiamine calcium Vitamin b12 phosphorus
because to avoid the protein they end up cutting out desserts and junk foods thus losing weight.
Gluten is a protein found in many grains including wheat rye and barley. It's found in most breads cereals pastas and many processed foods according to Webmd.
and so they need to avoid the protein. About 1 percent of the population has celiac disease.
That's because whole grains which contain gluten are a good source of fiber vitamins
Studies show gluten-free diets can be deficient in fiber iron folate niacin thiamine calcium Vitamin b12 phosphorus
because to avoid the protein they end up cutting out desserts and junk foods thus losing weight.
Just as they passed around to the east side of the mountain the north face collapsed releasing superheated gases and trapped magma in a massive lateral explosion.
Keith put the plane into a steep dive to gain the speed to outrun the cloud of incandescent gas;
Shortly after the lateral blast a second vertical explosion occurred at the summit of the volcano sending a mushroom cloud of ash and gases more than 12 miles into the air.
and is cut off from windblown mineral particles to the west by the Andes mountains. Dust and minerals make their way into the Amazon from the east sometimes all the way from North africa.
and perhaps even amino acids the building blocks of proteins Torres said. He plans to study this in the near future to find out what's going on.
Officials attributed the deaths to toxic levels of ammonia dumped into the river from a local chemical factory.
Whatever killed the New mexico elk was apparently neither a chemical spill nor a flesh-eating fungus though the deaths remain a genuine mystery at least so far.
to grass-killing gas that seeps out of the soil. But the patches may be the natural result of the subsurface competition for resources among plants new research suggests.
An international team of molecular biologists studied the historical spread of Phytophthora infestans a funguslike organism that devastated potato crops and led to the famine in Ireland.
#New Culprit in Red Meat Linked with Heart disease The high amounts of saturated fat and cholesterol in red meat have long been blamed for increasing people's risk of heart disease.
and saturated fat that explains its association with heart disease. This study suggests carnitine may be a piece of this link he said.
A carnitine connection Two years ago Hazen and his research team discovered that microorganisms in the intestines can convert substances found in choline a common dietary fat to a by-product known as TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide.
which has a similar chemical structure to choline. Carnitine is a nutrient found at high levels in red meat
A compound called carnitine found in in red meat and supplements may increase the risk of heart disease.
and 3d forest maps will help researchers measure the total amount of carbon stored in forests
and its observations will be the basis of significant environmental policy in the areas of carbon cycling
The tomato family molecular clock based on the genetic data and fossil evidence suggests the tomato genome expanded abruptly about 60 million years ago.
A molecular clock estimates when species diverged in the past. Now thanks to the tomatillo find the Solanaceae molecular clock is too young Wilf said.
During his talk he listed 11 fossils from Laguna del Hunco such as cycads trees and the tomatillo that show their molecular clocks are too young.
Almost all of the molecular ages are younger than the fossils Wilf said. Wilf also reported two more striking fossils:
Acorns and leaves from Castanopsis the first oak ever found in South america and the first evidence of the African cycad called Encephalartos from South america.
Scientists found that eating lots of saturated fat-filled red meat and highly processed and salted meats is associated with a higher risk of death.</
but this is the first true chemical evidence of their existence. Â Intoxicating discovery The wine storage room is at a site called Tel Kabri in northern Israel where archaeologists are unearthing the remains of a sprawling palace dating back to about 1700 B c. that was built
7 Amazing Archaeological Finds Wine chemistry At the excavation site Brandeis University researcher Andrew Koh who specializes in archaeological chemistry took shards of the pots
The Canaanite leader who lived in the compound may have entertained foreign guests in the hall. The palace contains Aegean art
High above Earth's surface extreme ultraviolet radiation from the sun reacts with air molecules to produce gigantic jets of lightning up to 56 miles (90 kilometers) tall that shoot up to the edge of space.
#Organic Tomatoes Have More Vitamin c Organically grown tomatoes are more nutritious in some ways than the conventionally grown variety a new study from Brazil suggests.
while smaller have higher levels of Vitamin c as well as more plant phenols a class of compounds that act as antioxidants than do grown conventionally tomatoes.
The findings contradict those of research published last September in the journal Annals of Internal medicine which reviewed more than 200 studies and found no difference between the vitamin contents of organic and conventional foods.
and Food Chemistry concluded that organic crops tend to be higher in Vitamin c and phenols and lower in protein than conventionally grown crops.
organically grown foods have a lower carbon footprint and use fewer pesticides. Recently the American Academy of Pediatrics said it's important for children to eat a diet that's high in fruits vegetables whole grains
The plant's response to this stress leads to increased production of certain compounds including phenols.
and flavor chemicals to go around and a plant that has smaller fruit is better able to fill each tomato with nutrients than a plant that bears a larger fruit Klee said.
Organic tomatoes have more Vitamin c and plant phenols but it's not clear whether eating them instead of conventional tomatoes would provide more health benefits.
and reached its carbon-absorbing capacity. After that point people are using more than the planet can sustain.
Blue The rarest of all on the pee rainbow blue urine often comes from chemicals
Patients with catheters can develop a rare complication called purple urine bag syndrome linked to a urinary tract infection and highly alkaline urine.
People fire up their gas and charcoal grills and while that usually means a good time at a potluck style cookout for people with health concerns like celiac disease that family gathering can be a challenge.
The chemicals include two fungicides never before found in wild frogs said Kelly Smalling lead study author and a U s. Geological Survey (USGS) research hydrologist.
The study was published today (July 26) in the journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Fungicides have been registered for use for many years
But valley farmers aren't the only source of agricultural chemicals: Illegal marijuana gardens hacked into public lands also expose wildlife to fertilizers
Complex causes The most common chemicals in the frogs were the agricultural fungicides pyraclostrobin and tebuconazole and the herbicide simazine.
The chemical concentrations were often higher in frog tissues than in the environment. The contaminants in the water and sediments were ridiculously low Smalling said.
We don't really understand the biology of these compounds and how they interact with the amphibians Smalling said.
The pesticides travel to the mountains as aerosols tiny particles that waft into the atmosphere on warm rising air currents.
However a boom in illegal pot farms in the past five years has brought a new chemical source into the parks.
UC Davis'Gabriel and his colleagues are seeing the effects of these chemicals on the fisher cat a carnivore being considered for Endangered Species Act listing.
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