and other chemicals and help farmers in developing nations feed their families and build more secure livelihoods said plant geneticist Rajeev Varshney of the International Crops Research Institute for Semiarid Tropics in India who serves on the IPGI.
's School of Biological and Chemical sciences. The researchers analysed the methane concentration in over 30 rivers in Southern England including the River Lambourn in Berkshire.
We used to think energy from the breakdown of chemicals was only substantial in dark places where photosynthesis is impossible like deep oceans.
The Rice results appeared this month in the American Chemical Society journal Applied materials and Interfaces.
's Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry.
Harvard university researchers Fabien Paulot and Daniel Jacob used computer models including a NASA model of chemical reactions in the atmosphere to better represent how ammonia interacts in the atmosphere to form harmful particulate matter.
Next they used the NASA GEOS-Chem model of atmospheric composition to simulate the complex chemistry that converts agricultural emissions--in this case ammonia--into fine particulate matter.
To study this concept researchers evaluated the association between dietary intake of fruits and vegetables in young adults and the presence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) 20 years later.
and Chemical sciences commented: Our results challenge the common misconception that goats aren't intelligent animals--they have the ability to learn complex tasks
Dong and his team will build miniature greenhouses that precisely control light intensity humidity temperature carbon dioxide chemicals and even pathogens.
When crops are sprayed with fungicide only a small part of the chemical is absorbed by the plant.
In a paper titled Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation is associated with decreased folate status in women of childbearing age published in the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:
It was part of the 247th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
Resistance to the disease is controlled by the chemical pathways of two growth hormones jasmonate and ethylene Yen explains.
Two of the three genes are involved directly in the chemical pathways Yen explains. How the third one is involved we still do not know
Their findings were unveiled at the 247th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS.
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However our results show that galaxies'chemical history plays an equally important role commented Dr Cortese.
which have a star formation and chemical history significantly different to the one in our own Milky way.
This report on the color-changing food deterioration tags was presented today as part of the 247th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS.
We successfully synchronized at multiple temperatures the chemical evolution process in the smart tag with microbial growth processes in the milk according to Zhang.
That changes the particle's chemical composition and shape so the tag color now would be different.
Although the nanorods are made of gold and silver a tag would still be very inexpensive and all the chemicals in the tiny tag cost much less than one cent--$0. 002.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
*This study was presented the 247th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS. Story Source:
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society (ACS. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length h
of Chemistry journal Physical chemistry Chemical Physics. The special issue edited by Rice biophysicist Peter Wolynes
Even after they fold proteins are in perpetual motion acting as catalysts for countless bodily functions.
Wolynes is the D. R. Bullard-Welch Foundation Professor of Science and a professor of chemistry.
Linden is working closely with project co-investigators Professor R. Scott Summers of environmental engineering and Professor Alan Weimer chemical and biological engineering and a team of postdoctoral fellows professionals
The interdisciplinary project requires chemical engineers for heat transfer and solar energy work environmental engineers for waste treatment
and paper production-a process that involves harsh chemicals and expensive treatments. The research provides a new approach integrating knowledge of genes proteins plant chemical compounds
This work in the new area of plant systems biology integrating biology chemistry and engineering sets a new standard for understanding any complex biological feature in the future.
Seufferheld now works for Monsanto and is based in Buenos aires where he is in charge of insect resistance management.
and attacks it which leads to the release of chemicals called histamines into the blood.
In the laboratory they analyzed their chemical physical and hydrological qualities and discovered that the concentration of sodium in the soil is crucial for its stability.
As humans burn fossil fuels dose crops with chemical fertilizers and dispose of manure from livestock they introduce extra nitrogen and other nutrients into the soil air and water.
and CEO who will take this novel catalyst from the lab to the marketplace. We see this technology as a significant step in moving the United states toward energy independence.
and Associate Laboratory Director Martin Keller uses an inexpensive zeolite catalyst to transform ethanol into hydrocarbon blend-stock.
The ORNL team's lab-scale tests also indicate the catalyst can operate at relatively low temperatures
which are laced with high concentrations of copper arsenic and other plant-unfriendly chemicals. Then Wusirika and his team planted maize in the stamp sand incorporating bacteria in four different ways:
I as well as from varieties provided by Monsanto Pioneer and Syngenta. In the process of documenting the genetic changes the researchers observed an increase in yields over the past 80 years that is equivalent to one-third of a bushel per acre per year increase.
Metaboliteswith colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (Germany) the KU Leuven researchers identified the metabolites that kill the nematodes.
Nicotine one of the main chemical components of tobacco smoke is metabolised immediately in the liver
Next a soil moisture profile is developed with the principle of maximum entropy model (POME) which uses prior specific data over a set of trial probabilities to determine which is the most likely outcome.
#Amazons canopy a patchwork quilt of chemicals generated by plantsin many ways plants act as chemical factories using energy from sunlight to produce carbon-based energy
How much does the portfolio of chemicals generated by plants vary depending on the surrounding environment and
The answer involved climbing into the Amazonian canopy resulting in the discovery that the forest's chemical portfolios form a rich mosaic that varies with elevation and soil content.
They found that canopy chemical traits are organized in a large mosaic controlled by changes in the underlying soils and by elevation.
Chemical variation across coexisting species greatly exceeded the variation within each species. These and other findings reveal that different Amazonian species make up a diverse matrix of growth
We discovered that this incredible region is a patchwork mosaic of trees with chemical signatures organized into communities to maximize their growth potential given their local soils
Within these communities the trees have evolved chemical portfolios that are different from one another maybe to help each species take a place in its community
and could thus be compared in terms of solar-driven chemical synthesis. This meant using climbing techniques to reach the outer edge of each canopy hundreds of feet above the surface.
They are already threatening whole patches in a kaleidoscopic quilt of chemical diversity that underpins these ecosystems.
But one Texas A&m Agrilife Extension service specialist is trying to manage the disease symptoms with alternative methods and chemistries.
and try new chemicals new compounds or new products. Additionally he hopes to move from small plot research to larger plots.
Those analyses uncovered several chemicals specific to intact male goats including one in particular 4-ethyloctanal with the power to activate the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator in the female brain
In 4-ethyloctanal we identified a novel chemical that had never been demonstrated in nature before.
and prevents crystallization therefore making it easier to sell Bryant explains. However by removing the pollen you also remove clues needed to verify where the honey was produced and
This powerful analytical method using mass spectrometric detection is called CI-API-TOF (chemical ionization--atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
We have focused our efforts on the oxidation of Î-pinene because it accounts for about half of global monoterpene emissions explains Dr. Mikael Ehn from the University of Helsinki who is the first author of this study
We managed to present the first molecular evidence of a direct and ubiquitous source of ELVOCS arising from the oxidation of monoterpenes and other volatile organic compounds in the gas phase.
Measurements in the chemistry laboratory of the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) in Leipzig have contributed also to this result.
The study shows the chemistry behind these particles'formation and estimates they may be the dominant source of aerosols over boreal forests.
A new type of chemical mass spectrometry let researchers pick out 1 in a trillion molecules and follow their evolution.
Current chemistry would predict that 3 to 5 oxygen molecules could be added per day during oxidation Thornton said.
I think unravelling that chemistry is going to have some profound impacts on how we describe atmospheric chemistry generally Thornton said.
and he believes the rapid oxidation may apply to a broad range of atmospheric compounds.
I think a lot of missing puzzle pieces in atmospheric chemistry will start to fall into place once we incorporate this understanding Thornton said.
In related work Thornton's group was part of a campaign last summer to study air chemistry over the Southeastern United states where aerosols formed by reforested areas
These losses can become larger as under certain conditions the fusarium pathogen produces toxic chemicals known as mycotoxins.
Pheromones are released chemicals from the body of animals and insects that are used to attract mates or relay danger.
What we demonstrated in this study is a more environmentally friendly approach that avoids the need to use toxic chemicals
A paper published in Analytical Chemistry describes how researchers at NPL have created a synthetic gas standard for the first time
A new improved measurement technique--cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS)--has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of atmospheric measurements taken.
In fact this year they will publish another study in the journal'Food Chemistry'in which they will demonstrate that consuming strawberries increases the antioxidant function of blood flow erythrocytes and mononuclear cells.
Silman Messinger and Marcus Wright a chemistry lab manger and key developer of Wake Forest's environmental drone program are also applying their drone technology to explore climate change in the Peruvian Amazon.
whether a flower's chemical or physical traits determine the likelihood that pathogens are transmitted for example
Disordered hyperuniform materials possess a hidden order explained co-corresponding author Salvatore Torquato a Princeton professor of chemistry.
The french National Centre for Scientific research and The french chemical company Solvay. Previously disordered hyperuniformity had only been observed in specialized physical systems such as liquid helium simple plasmas and densely packed granules.
and keep the corn cubs for food we have come a long way says Per Morgen professor at the Institute of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Southern Denmark.
He is particularly proud that all levels in this new way of producing bioethanol are environmentally friendly and accessible for all The catalyst acid is made â#rom readily available plant left overs
Scientists hope to replace chemical control with genetic control though farmers might be advised to spray even resistant varieties at the end of a season depending on conditions.
Public demand has led to the rapid development of organic farming in recent years to provide healthy food products that are free of chemical additives
While groundwater pollution is attributed usually to a large array of chemicals high nitrate concentration in aquifer water is the main cause for drinking-water well shutdowns.
In the study by Yakobson research scientist Evgeni Penev and postdoctoral researcher Vasilli Artyukhov that was published recently by the American Chemical Society journal ACS Nano the Rice researchers found that the elastic energy landscapes
One is the energy portion dictated by the catalyst; another one may be the energy of the caps per se.
Yakobson suspects the answer lies in tuning the interaction between the catalyst and the nanotube edge.
Yakobson is Rice's Karl F. Hasselmann Professor of Mechanical engineering and Materials Science a professor of chemistry and a member of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
Pasquali is a professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering chemistry and materials science and nanoengineering. Tsentalovich Kono and Pasquali are members of the Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology.
and identified four chemicals from the trails of virgin and mated female Asian longhorned beetles--Anoplophora glabripennis--that were not found in the trails of males.
The team also found that every trail sample contained all four of these chemical components
We found that virgin females do not begin to produce a sufficient amount of the correct pheromone blend--that is the correct ratios of the four chemicals to each other--until they are about 20 days old
The researchers published their findings in the current issue of the Journal of Chemical Ecology.
We now have more information about the series of complex behaviors as well as chemical and visual cues
and if there are other behaviors that might be mediated by these chemicals. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Penn State.
A Geological Society of America Student Research Grant to Streig funded the age-dating of the team's evidence at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.
The team led by Professor Richard Evershed of the University of Bristol's School of Chemistry developed new techniques in an effort to identify fish oils in the pots.
Other clues to ancient diets lie within human bones themselves explored by the Cardiff group led by Dr Jacqui Mulville The sea passes on a unique chemical signature to the skeletons of those eating seafood;
and sunlight into chemical energy five times faster than crops grown in soil. This particular alga is able to produce up to 80%of its mass as fuel
The plant a macroalga turns sunlight into chemical energy three times more efficiently than land plants. Current biofuels may not be sustainable says Dr John Milledge Research Fellow at Greenwich and an expert in the commercialisation of algae.
and builds on a range of the university's previous collaborative projects which span its departments of Chemistry Biology Earth sciences and the Durham Business school.**
IOTA is studying the biochemical pathways that produce Dunaliella's essential metabolites--small chemicals synthesised by the microalgae that can form the building blocks of more complex therapeutically useful natural products.
We are focusing on the proteins catalysing these chemical transformations using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches to identify design
So when someone takes it as a vitamin supplement they are also consuming chemicals which could be used for something else.
and Food Chemistrydetailing the production and manufacturing process as well as testing that showed both formulations maintained nearly 75%of key cancer-fighting chemicals for approximately 5 weeks in a controlled temperature setting.
and 24-D on their fields more often in the near future because biotechnology companies are introducing crops genetically modified to resist those chemicals.
The research is detailed online in a new paper in the American Chemical Society journal Analytical Chemistry.
In Rice's experiments samples were prepared with a commercial chemical kit that releases all the DNA and RNA in the small amount of stool tested.
The research provides evidence that dynamic atmospheric chemistry played an important role in past warm climates underscoring the complexity of climate change and the relevance of natural components according to the authors.
and the role of forests in climate protection strategies said Unger an assistant professor of atmospheric chemistry at F&es.
Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model-E2 global Earth system model the researchers were able to simulate the terrestrial ecosystem emissions and atmospheric chemical composition of the Pliocene and the preindustrial era.
and took into account chemical and physical variations in the soil. However the importance of Swedish and Canadian soil biota for growth remained the same regardless of how all of these other factors were altered.
#Herbicides may not be sole cause of declining plant diversitythe increasing use of chemical herbicides is blamed often for the declining plant biodiversity in farms.
and Chemistry said that over the past several decades in the same time that the use of herbicides was on the rise other factors such as the simplification of crop rotations segregation of crop
There are many good reasons to reduce agriculture's reliance on chemical weed control. But for the objective of plant species conservation other strategies like preserving farmland habitats including woodlots pastures
and organic fertilisers with minimal chemical pesticides'said Dr Turnbull.''There are also regional differences in farming practices
Rethinking roboticslee a sophomore who plans to major in chemistry spent his high school years building everything from a robot that can balance on a beam to a robotic arm that can throw a ball.
or chemical quality including sugar content and acidity. Additionally reduced nitrogen application did not affect nutritional quality components of the pepper fruit such as beta-carotene
and engineers to know as they work on technologies beyond standard photovoltaic devices that gobble light to drive chemical reactions or next-generation electronics.
The work was reported recently in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Nano. We've looked at this process on a single-particle level said lead author Hoggard.
Dark-field scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy of more than 200 nanoparticles helped them determine that it takes about 160 femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second) for an electron to transfer from the particle to highly conducting graphene the single-atom-thick form of carbon.
The homogeneous line width obtained via single-particle spectroscopy is a measure of the range of wavelengths that resonantly excite a surface plasmon.
or as catalysts where these electrons can do chemistry. It would be fascinating if we could use this process as a source of hot electrons for catalysis
and also as an analytical tool for observing such plasmon-enabled reactions. That's the big picture.
research scientist Wei-Shun Chang and Pulickel Ajayan the Benjamin M. and Mary Greenwood Anderson Professor in Mechanical engineering and Materials Science and of chemistry and chair of Rice's Department of Materials
Link is an associate professor of chemistry and of electrical and computer engineering. The Robert A. Welch Foundation the National Science Foundation the Army Research Office and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund supported the research.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Rice university. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
because the chemical can take decades to breakdown in the environment. In addition people may be exposed to the pesticide by consuming imported fruits vegetables
or inactive chemical commonly used as a pesticide additive--is highly toxic to honeybee larvae.
The researchers also investigated the effects of NMP on honeybee larvae by adding seven concentrations of the chemical to a pollen-derived royal jelly diet.
The team fed their treated diet containing various types and concentrations of chemicals to the laboratory-raised bee larvae.
Multi-billion pounds of these inactive ingredients overwhelm the total chemical burden from the active pesticide drug
Based on biomass and chemical analyses four dominant factors were identified: soil P soil N foliar P and seedling age.
We will need sophisticated chemical analyses to sniff out the signal. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Monell Chemical Senses Center.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference n
#Image or reality? Leaf research needs photos, lab analysisevery picture tells a story but the story digital photos tell about how forests respond to climate change could be incomplete according to new research.
The technique called quartz-enhanced photoacoustic absorption spectroscopy (QEPAS) invented at Rice by Tittel Professor Robert Curl
The Rice team's device was detailed this month in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Analyst.
With the help of solution-based chemical processing the chemists around Ajay Singh and Kevin Ryan at the University of Limerick have fabricated films of highly ordered wurtzite nanorods
However Wu explains that existing techniques based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) use expensive equipment and time-consuming methods with pretreatment alone taking several hours.
Bumblebees are essential to our food chain so it's critical we understand how wild bees might be impacted by the chemicals we are putting into the environment.
For instance the agricultural giant Monsanto adds a gene to cotton that makes it resistant to Roundupâ
when a buckyball attaches to a gold surface in the optical nano antenna used to measure the effects of an electric current on intermolecular bonds through a technique called Raman spectroscopy.
Once the molecules are in place the researchers can chill them heat them blast them with energy from a laser or electric current and measure the effect through spectroscopy
The nano antenna is able to detect the tone of detuned vibrations between atoms through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) a technique that improves the readings from molecules
But if you want chemistry to happen in one spot maybe you want to make that bond really weak
There's a long-sought goal by some in the chemistry community to gain precise control over where and when bonds break.
The Robert A. Welch Foundation the Department of energy the Israel Science Foundation and the Lise Meitner Center for Computational Chemistry supported the work.
In ACS'Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry scientists are reporting for the first time a method to authenticate the varietal purity and origin of cacao beans the source of chocolate's main ingredient cocoa.
The above story is provided based on materials by American Chemical Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena Germany have now found that ants also keep harmful leaf pathogens in check.
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology have looked now more deeply into the insect-plant interaction asking
and other microorganisms in our considerations says Wilhelm Boland head of the Department of Bioorganic Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute.
The above story is provided based on materials by Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
'Even more fascinating you would be able to detect some airborne chemicals just by looking at the shape of the webs!
and chemicals that are drawn electrically to the web. We already know that spiders spin different webs
if any airborne chemicals affect the animal's behaviour.''Working with Dr Donald Edmonds from Oxford university's Department of physics Professor Vollrath showed that webs like that of the garden cross spider also cause local distortions in Earth's electric field
That could cause wildlife to be exposed re to chemicals that previously were locked safely away in the ice he said.
and Jihyoun Jeon and Suresh Moolgavkar of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center. This study was funded in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (R01-CA-152956.
and the research project leader whose lab focuses on urban entomology insect behavior and chemical ecology.
Fifty percent of investment today worldwide in equipment and chemicals is in municipal infrastructure. This is the slowest moving, least innovative market for a lot of industries.
and iphone touch screens with dangerous chemicals and highlighted high rates of suicide among the workers to paint a portrait of dire working conditions.
I don't know how much of that corn is grown organically here in the chemical-happy Garden state,
and flowers while protecting farm workers--who in the past would apply pesticides by hand--from the toxicity of the chemicals.
When one applies these chemicals in a confined environment like a greenhouse, one â¢s likelihood of intoxication increases notably,
and the amount of remaining chemical to a computer outside the greenhouse, where an operator directs the Trakã Â r virtually.
No zapping or chemicals required. Research suggests solar panels themselves can beckon bugs to their doom,
Other chemical-free pest control methods include row covers, welcoming natural pest predators, hedgerows, and crop rotations to disrupt the pest's life cycle.
and are small chemical droplets called protocells, which can be designed --or programmed, as Armstrong likes to say--to remove carbon from the atmosphere.
either sounds or chemicals to drive the animals away without harming them. According to The Scientist, The final version is due to be tested in France and Switzerland in 2013,
Leaders include Bayer Cropscience, BASF and Sumitomo Chemical. Automotive In what may be a harbinger for things to come
Dupont and Monsanto. Medical Devices Diagnostics equipment led the way in patent volume, with 35 percent of the industry,
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