#Habitat loss, not poison, better explains grassland bird declinecontrary to recent well-publicized research habitat loss not insecticide use continues to be the best explanation for the declines in grassland bird populations
Last year a pair of researchers linked the drop in the populations of grassland bird species such as the upland sandpiper and the Henslow's sparrow to insecticide use rather than to a rapid decline of grasslands a more commonly accepted theory.
whereas the insecticide use greatly declined prior to the 1990s said Hill. The researchers cited earlier studies that documented a loss of approximately 97000 square kilometers--an area larger than the stats of Indiana--of grasslands in the U s. between 1982 and 1997 primarily due to the expansion and intensification of agricultural practices.
and found 1. 3 to 21 times more support that habitat loss was connected more strongly to grassland bird declines than insecticide use said Hill.
Erroneously emphasizing insecticides as the principle cause of grassland bird declines may inadvertently divert attention and funding away from land conservation programs such as CRP according to the researchers.
In addition to information provided by the researchers on the study of insecticides and grassland birds they also used data from the U s. Department of agriculture and the National Resources Conservation Services.
The large multisite California-based study examined associations between specific classes of pesticides including organophosphates pyrethroids
Twenty-one chemical compounds were identified in the organophosphate class including chlorpyrifos acephate and diazinon. The second most commonly applied class of pesticides was pyrethroids one quarter
Organophosphates applied over the course of pregnancy were associated with an elevated risk of autism spectrum disorder particularly for chlorpyrifos applications in the second trimester.
Exposures to insecticides for those living near agricultural areas may be problematic especially during gestation because the developing fetal brain may be more vulnerable than it is in adults.
This is compounded by a lack of data on the toxicity of mosquito insecticides for these shellfish.
Naled an organophosphate chemical was the most toxic compound in oyster larvae while resmethrin was the most toxic compound in clam larvae.
These are more diverse than commonly-targeted insecticide receptors such as sodium channels and therefore offer the potential for more species-specific pesticides.
#Insect repellents more important than ever as tropical tourism increasesholidaymakers are being urged to use insect repellent to protect themselves against bites
& Tropical Medicine today launch Bug Off--the first ever Insect repellent Awareness Day to highlight the issue.
Insect repellent Awareness Day aims to dispel myths and misconceptions about how to repel mosquitoes and other biting insects which can leave people at risk of harm to their health.
Key facts on insect repellents: Dr James Logan Senior Lecturer in Medical Entomology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and Director of arctec said:
but not all and so the best way to keep as safe as possible is to use an insect repellent containing DEET and reapply it regularly.
We hope Insect repellent Awareness Day will cause people to stop and think this summer and pack their repellents.
As a result pink bollworm has been eradicated all but in the southwestern U s. Suppression of this pest with Bt cotton is the cornerstone of an integrated pest management program that has allowed Arizona cotton growers to reduce broad spectrum insecticide use by 80
Pest control with Bt proteins--either in sprays or genetically engineered crops--reduces reliance on chemical insecticides.
#Link between insecticides and collapse of honey bee colonies strengthenedtwo widely used neonicotinoids--a class of insecticide--appear to significantly harm honey bee colonies over the winter particularly during colder winters according to a new study
Currently there are no in-home insecticides labeled for use against brown marmorated stink bugs so that presented us with a challenge Aigner said.
because the insecticides required to control it are broad spectrum toxicants that are highly disruptive to integrated pest management programs.
The few native natural enemies they have can easily be killed with the same insecticide used to target the stink bugs themselves he said.
Diazinon and imidacloprid for example are neurotoxic insecticides which are designed to kill pest insects. Toxicity of these neurotoxicants does vary a lot among species--in our study the shrimps turned out to be much more sensitive than the pond snail.
Diazinon and imidacloprid for example are neurotoxic insecticides which are designed to kill pest insects. Toxicity of these neurotoxicants does vary a lot among species--in our study the shrimps turned out to be much more sensitive than the pond snail.
#Secret of multiple insecticide resistance in mosquitoesresearchers at LSTM have discovered how unprecedented multiple and extreme-level resistance is generated in mosquitoes found in the rice fields of Tiassalã in southern CÃ'te d'Ivoire.
The paper CYP6 P450 enzymes and ACE-1 duplication produce extreme and multiple insecticide resistance in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae published in PLOS Genetics today highlights the combination of stringently-replicated whole genome transcription
They proved to be resistant to all four of the insecticide classes available for mosquito control (Edi et al.
when preserving effectiveness of insecticides depends on rotating or combining their use. In addition to many of the mosquitoes surviving a standard one-hour insecticide exposure (used as THE WHO standard to monitor the prevalence of resistance) the levels of resistance displayed in Tiassalã were very high with 50%of mosquitoes tested surviving for longer
than four hours exposure to both a carbamate and a pyrethroid. The new work reveals that two members of the P450 gene superfamily in particular are expressed highly in resistant Tiassalã mosquitoes:
This new research shows how specific P450 genes can engender resistance across insecticides with entirely different modes of action:
whereas carbamates and organophosphates target the neurotransmitter Acetylcholinesterase encoded by the gene ACE-1. This is where Tiassalã mosquitoes yielded another surprise contributing to their exceptionally high carbamate resistance.
This combination of distinct mechanisms provides the Anopheles population of Tiassalã with high levels of resistance and resistance across insecticides.
which mosquitoes can become resistant to the available arsenal of insecticides. Controlling populations like Tiassalã will be particularly challenging
With insecticides our instruments of destruction were relatively crude and unfocused he said. With RNAI we are trying to subtly subvert important processes very precisely to bring about pest death.
Cages contained different combinations of treatments with and without predators and with and without sprayed insecticides on the non-Bt refuge plants.
Farmers commonly spray insecticides on refuge plants to prevent loss by pests but such sprays can kill predators and prey indiscriminately.
and cut back on soil insecticides U s. farmers began planting Bt corn that kills rootworms. The first evidence of rootworm resistance to Bt corn was discovered in Iowa in 2009 said Dr. Bruce Tabashnik the study's lead author
and that this year marks the 100th anniversary of the first reported case of insecticide resistance he concludes Finding ways to delay resistance is a never-ending challenge with any pest management approach.
#Controlling zebra chip disease from the inside outzebra chip disease in potatoes is currently being managed by controlling the potato psyllid with insecticides.
If we can include bactericides in a program that can minimize insecticide use then this could be integrated part of an disease management approach he said.
#Genetic secret of mosquito resistance to DDT, bed net insecticides discoveredresearchers from LSTM have found that a single genetic mutation causes resistance to DDT
and pyrethroids (an insecticide class used in mosquito nets). With the continuing rise of resistance the research published in the journal Genome Biology is key as scientists say that this knowledge could help improve malaria control strategies.
They have shown also that this gene makes insects resistant to pyrethroids raising the concern that GSTE2 gene could protect mosquitoes against the major insecticides used in public health.
and most strategies for combating the spread of the disease focus on control of mosquito populations using insecticides.
which is an essential requirement to successfully tackle the growing problem of insecticide resistance in vector control.
One recent example is the development of seeds treated with insecticides to discourage early damage by crop pests.
Because control is not absolute a foliar insecticide application may be necessary to maximize control in some situations.
which means they help farmers by preying on pests and reducing the need for insecticides.
The researchers calculated the value of the bat pest control service each year from 1990 through 2008 by estimating the value of avoided crop damage and the reduced social and private costs of insecticide use in the presence of bats.
In fact by preying on the individual insects that survive the Bt toxin bats may provide the additional service of slowing the evolution of resistance to Bt and other insecticides.
whether these insecticides and fungicides act alone or in concert to create a toxic environment for honeybee growth and development.
Chlorpyrifos is used a widely organophosphate in crop management. Our findings suggest that the common pesticides chlorothalonil fluvalinate coumaphos
Researchers sprayed plots with water insecticide or fungicide every week for 17 months. They found that the fungicide Amistarâ dealt a significant blow to diversity reducing the effective number of species by 16%.
%While the insecticide did change the composition of surviving species it did not have an overall impact on diversity.'
They supplemented insecticide sprays with (Z)- 9-hexadecenal a pheromone compound attractive to ants and were able to divert Argentine ants from their trails and nest entrances.
Lured by the pheromone the ants were exposed eventually to the insecticide residue and killed. Study results appeared Dec 23 2013 in the online fast track edition of the Journal of Economic Entomology.
Our experiments with fipronil and bifenthrin sprays indicate that the overall kill of these insecticides on Argentine ant colonies is improved substantially--by 57 to 142 percent--by incorporating (Z)- 9-hexadecenal in the sprays said Dong-Hwan Choe an assistant professor of entomology
-and-kill approach once it is implemented successfully in practical pest management programs could potentially provide maximum control efficacy with reduced amount of insecticides applied in the environment.
Given the amount of insecticides applied today to urban settings for Argentine ant control and the impact of these insecticides on urban waterways it is critical to develop alternative integrated pest management strategies
in order to decrease the overall amounts of insecticides applied and found in urban waterways while still providing effective control of the target ant species Choe said.
He explained that other studies have explored the possibility of using the synthetic pheromone (Z)- 9-hexadecenal for Argentine management program.
What makes our study unique is that we combine the insecticide sprays and low-dose pheromone to attract ants Choe said.
if the pheromone is mixed with the insecticide formulation and held in long-term storage. Some of these questions could be addressed with assistance from industry collaborators.
habitat degradation due to development, insecticides, parasites such as the Varroa mite and air pollution, that interferes with a bees'ability to find scents.
The Environmental protection agency estimated worldwide insecticide usage in 2007 at 892 million pounds, with the United states accounting for about 93 million pounds of it.
have mutated now to be resistant to insecticides, and their bite is just as bad as ever. It turns out that the bean leaf solution is as good as the best of those methods.
which is done entirely without pesticides or insecticides. Mathur uses pheromone traps and sticky traps as well as a garlic and red chili paste to get rid of the bugs.
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