Insecticide

Herbicide (355)
Insecticide (433)
Pesticide (1308)

Synopsis: 2.0.. agro: Pesticides: Insecticide:

now his shop's aisles and shelves are neatly stocked with everything from fertilisers to hybrid seeds, insecticides,

followed by herbicides and then insecticides. Compared to the vast expanse of farmland and orchards,

Even if making a new bed bug insecticide were lucrative, there are other challenges. There is the problem of figuring out how a chemical has to function in order to best kill bed bugs cheaply, efficiently and safely.

Finally, there is the problem of insecticide resistance. Even DDT, the supposed miracle cure, wasn't immune to this.

No chemical insecticide is immune to resistance, particularly if it is overused. Today, roughly 90%of bed bugs have a genetic mutation that makes them resistant to pyrethroids,

a class of insecticides commonly used for bed bugs that work in a similar way to DDT. Stopping spread So,

#New Study Suggests Exposure to Pesticides Prime Cause of ADHD Organophosphate pesticides are used widely in the United states to control insects on food crops.

A growing body of evidence is suggesting that exposure to organophosphate pesticides is a prime cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD.

Forty organophosphate pesticides are registered in the United states with at least 73 million pounds used each year in agricultural and residential settings.

but your salad fixings may already contain some natural insect repellents. Home improvement blog Apartment Therapy suggests using cucumbers to keep ants away,

and offered vodka-based insect repellent, but what about the ants finding refuge from the summer heat in your home?

Each entry also includes recommended insecticides to keep your plants pest-free. Cost: $4. 99 4. Bugs and Insects Speaking of bugs, with a database of more than 900 pests, the Bugs and Insects app is a great resource for gardeners looking to determine the culprits who have been nibbling on their harvests,

The conclusion was prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides leads to diminished IQS in children between the ages of 6 and 9. Working memory, processing speed, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning,

Between 1999 and 2003, EPA put in place restrictions on the most toxic organophosphate pesticides on crops and in homes.

but these studies show further restrictions over the use of organophosphates in agriculture may be necessary to protect kids health.

The studies identified pregnant women exposed to higher amounts of pesticides known as organophosphates and then followed their children for years.

To protect their bare skin hippos produce a special kind of sweat that's red and acts as sunscreen insect repellent and antibiotic salve all in one.

That's great for farmers and for the planet because cotton accounts for 24 percent of the world's insecticide market

But the toxic brew could also serve as an insecticide against agricultural pests that consume the venom orally a new study finds.

Farmers primarily use chemical insecticides to control pests but many insects are resistant to them.

When ingested by insects the poisonous chemical called orally active insecticidal peptide-1 was as toxic as the synthetic insecticide imidacloprid the group reported today (Sept. 11) in the journal PLOS ONE.

A combination of the venom peptide and synthetic insecticide was even more effective. The venom was more potent against cotton bollworms than against termites and mealworms

However Dr. Khaled al-Doumi director of a medical center near the site of the alleged attack told Al Jazeera Medically speaking the symptoms indicate that poisoning was a result of phosphorous compounds that could be caused by organic insecticides or sarin gas.

Organic insecticides often referred to as organophosphates also act on the nervous system in a way that's similar to sarin causing overstimulation and neurological dysfunction.

After the deaths of 23 children in India in July officials blamed school lunches that were contaminated with organophosphate pesticide.

#Artificial Sweetener Could Be used As a Safer Insecticide A natural nontoxic insecticide might be in your kitchen a new study says.

So unlike synthetic insecticides an erythritol-based insecticide would be nontoxic to humans and would not act as a pollutant the researchers said. 10 of the Most Polluted Places On earth Not only does the sweetener kill the flies

The researchers who conducted the study are now seeking to patent an erythritol-based insecticide.

and act as an effective insecticide. The researchers also wanted to know how much erythritol it would take to kill off the flies.

Watch a Tick Bite in Action 1. Repel the bugs Insecticides can be used to repel ticks said Thomas Mather a public health entomologist at the University of Rhode island and the director of tickencounter. org.

Permethrin the insecticide found in antimalarial bed nets kills adult ticks as well as those in their larval stage called nymphs which are the likeliest to harbor Lyme disease.

To make future diagnoses of lice easier as well as to ensure that no living nits remain in the hair all nits should be removed from the hair even after the infestation has been treated according to the National Pediculosis Association (NPA) a nonprofit organization that does not support the use of insecticides

or insecticides that kill lice as well as combing the hair with a louse comb that removes lice and nits.

If no resistance to insecticides is suspected the AAP recommends using products that contain pediculicides known as pyrethrins or the chemical permethrin.

To minimize exposure to the insecticides found in lice treatment shampoos rinse the scalp and hair well with cool water after applying these products

and pyrethrins the AAP recommends using a product containing 0. 5 percent malathion another insecticide that is rubbed into the hair and scalp.

The CDC recommends using insect repellents with DEET on the skin or clothing or permethrin on clothing.

Eagles were eliminated just about from the bay before the insecticide DDT was banned in 1972 and Byrd began logging the bird's comeback in the region in 1977.

Insects can become resistant to individual insecticides in much the same way as bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics.

if successful, would reduce the need to use chemical insecticides. Patients at the last chance clinic In February, artist Dunham Aurelius and accountant Sally Massagee got a thorough check-up at the US National institutes of health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland.

which are engineered to produce pest-killing toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, use less insecticide. Increased planting of herbicide-tolerant crops may also have reduced the use of many herbicides that linger in soil and waterways

with lower production costs due to decreased insecticide and pesticide use and higher yields in some cases.

costing them millions of dollars annually in crop losses and insecticide sprays. They asked the US Environmental protection agency for permission to dispense with the refuges

and farmers had stopped using insecticide sprays to keep the pinkie population in check. So far, no live pink bollworm caterpillars have been found in bolls of cotton this season,

Nature Newskey weapons in the fight against malaria, pyrethroid insecticides, are losing their edge. Over the past decade, billions of dollars have been spent on distributing long-lasting pyrethroid-treated bed nets and on indoor spraying.

Alternatives such as organophosphates and carbamates are available for indoor spraying, although they cost more and are less effective.

But pyrethroids are the only insecticides approved by THE WHO for use in bed nets. We have lots of our eggs in the pyrethroid basket,

and chief executive of the nonprofit Innovative Vector Control Consortium, a public-private venture set up in 2005 to develop new insecticides and monitoring tools.

that control programmes rotate insecticides sprayed indoors, using pyrethroids one year and a different class the next.

Lines says that new combinations of insecticides also need to be developed so that mosquitoes resistant to one would be killed by the other.

a different class of insecticides should be used for wall spraying, he adds. Ultimately, entirely new classes of insecticides particularly those that can be applied to bed nets are needed to alleviate the dependence of malaria-control efforts on pyrethroids.

For indoor spraying, some longer-lasting and more cost-effective non-pyrethroid insecticides should be available by next year,

Hemingway says, although developing wholly new classes will take five to seven years. Repurposed agricultural insecticides might also act as a stopgap were resistance to pyrethroids to develop rapidly.

Research targeting mosquito control is compared grossly underfunded with that on malaria drugs and vaccines she adds,

But health officials fear that the spread of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes could bring about a resurgence of the disease.

Such failures could reverse the recent drop in malaria mortality credited to insecticide spraying in the home and coating of bed nets,

according to THE WHO. Insecticide resistance could also result in as many as 26 Â million further cases a year,

WHOTHE WHO report says that insecticide-resistant mosquitoes already inhabit 64 Â malaria-ridden countries (see map.

pyrethroids are the only insecticides used to treat bed nets, as well as the first choice for household spraying.

Health authorities in Somalia, Sudan and Turkey have reported also sporadic resistance to the two other classes of insecticides recommended by THE WHO for safe and effective household spraying:

carbamates and organophosphates. Resistance has evolved probably several times independently, and is now spreading as extensive use of pyrethroids

and other insecticides favours resistant mosquitoes.""In 2004, there were pockets of resistance in Africa, and now there are pockets of susceptibility,

and developing safe and effective non-pyrethroid insecticides that can be used to treat bed nets.

Their spending on mosquito control is already high in 2009,39%of the Global Fund s malaria expenditures went towards insecticide-treated bed nets and household spraying,

 For now, pyrethroids are the only class of insecticides approved by THE WHO for bed nets

Switzerland, says that it has in the pipeline a bed net coated with a non-pyrethroid insecticide one that does not belong to any of the four WHO-approved classes

In the meantime, health officials may be able to keep malaria at bay by swapping insecticides. The report notes that in Colombia

for instance, mosquitoes regained susceptibility to pyrethroids after five years of treatment with an organophosphate. But some African countries lack the surveillance needed to spur such an approach.

and reduce insecticide use. But proponents of labels say that these benefits are temporary, and point to studies showing that weeds

Thomas Martin, Jean-Philippe Sobczak & Hendrik Dietz, TU Munichentomologist J Â rgen Schmidl collects arboreal insects in San Lorenzo forest by fogging trees with biodegradable insecticides.

Reports spark row over bee-bothering insecticidesthree reports by Europe s food safety body have stoked controversy over the possible links between the use of neonicotinoid insecticides and declining bee populations.

One leading insecticide manufacturer has attacked the reports, calling them"hurried and inadequate. A number of scientific studies have linked neonicotinoids to adverse effects on bee colonies (see Nature video)

so that the insects are exposed not to the insecticides through pollen and nectar. Dust and plant sap contaminated with the chemicals may also pose a risk to bees,

In the United kingdom, for example, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra) has commissioned field studies on the impact of the insecticides on bees.

"Field-level exposure of bumblebees to imidacloprid and a non-neonicotinoid insecticide impairs foraging, increases worker-bee mortality and reduces colony success3.

"Prolonged exposure to imidacloprid and another insecticide impairs learning and memory in honeybees4. 27 march 2013:

clothianidin and an organophosphate pesticide block firing of honeybee brain cells, especially when combined5. March 2013:"

These findings, published online today in Nature1, could help scientists to design insect repellents to combat malaria, dengue and agricultural pests.

The engineered mosquitoes were also unable to smell the insect repellent DEET (N N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) from a distance.

Instead, the work underscores orco as a possible target for a new generation of insect repellents.

The insecticide is applied most often as a seed dressing to crops such as maize and soya beans.

EU pesticide ban The European union (EU) is set to ban the insecticide fipronil from use in agricultural fields,

Pesticide makes invading ants suicidally aggressiveneonicotinoid insecticides have developed a bad reputation for their unintended and potentially harmful effects on pollinating insects such as bees.

and examined how the insecticide affected each species behaviour. He did not observe an effect on the foraging behaviour or survivability of either species in isolation,

However, when invasive ants were exposed to the insecticides, they became much more aggressive towards unexposed Southern ants so aggressive, in fact,

But it is another example of how low levels of these insecticides can change behaviour in many different kinds of insects."

"It adds to the growing body of literature that raises concerns over the expanding overuse of these insecticides,

because it would avoid using insecticides in widespread spraying. Definitely. I m very emotional about it, to be honest.

and others with an insecticide. Control plots were sprayed with water. O. Lewisa view of the Belize rainforest.

Although there was no decline in species diversity in plots sprayed with insecticide, this treatment altered the relative abundance of species present.

A lot of precursors have secondary uses such as organophosphates. I could go on and on about his lake of understanding but you get the idea.

because they harm insect predators and parasitoids much less than broad-spectrum insecticides. The Bt endotoxin is considered safe for humans other mammals fish birds and the environment because of its selectivity.

Bt has been available as a commercial microbial insecticide since the 1960s and is sold under many trade names.

Other studies are beginning to discover certain insects that are adapting to GMO corn s inherent insecticide abilities.

They found that the plants make natural insect repellant chemicals called glucosinolates during the light hours. The glucosinolates seemed to discourage caterpillars from munching on leaves.

but they must make another natural insect repellant the biologists wrote. One preliminary study has suggested glucosinolates may be part of the reason why people who eat lots of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage

With insecticide resistance on the rise such a device could be a helpful tool for treating bed bug infestations.

but instead one part of an approach that may include heat steam vacuuming and insecticides. Brooke Borel is a contributing editor at Popular Science

The rising Bt resistance means that farmers will likely ramp up their insecticide use. One group of Brazilian farmers even wants GMO companies to reimburse them for the additional insecticides they had to use

because their Bt crops failed to deter pests. Companies are also likely developing new GMO crops perhaps with more insect toxins engineered into them to combat the newly evolved resistance.

or treated with systemic insecticides said Mankin. Otherwise if you are trying to eradicate an infestation you might have to cut down all the host trees just in case.

Last year a study by the Institute on insecticides had a similarly alarming conclusion. Almost half of all pesticides used in the EU are fungicides.

The Institute for Environmental sciences Landau already proved last year that there is no statistical or even apparent correlation between theory and practice for insecticides.

and this number was even higher for newer insecticides. The research group led by Prof. Dr. Ralf Schulz has compared now 417 measured field concentrations of fungicides in surface waters

Taking only the 90th percentile concentration and only EU studies into account the error rates are as high as 43 percent and therefore even higher than for insecticides.

Compared to insecticides and herbicides relatively little is known about the effects of fungicides on ecosystems.

either for insecticides or fungicides adds Schulz. The FOCUS predictions have therefore proven to be unreliable for use in the field

and cast Joanna Chiu as a central figure in future Drosophila suzukii genomic studies related to topics such as insecticide detoxification odorant reception and regulatory entomology Zalom

The cryptic feeding habits of these species combined with a lack of effective systemic insecticides make billbug control extremely difficult in orchardgrass.

New management tools insecticides or otherwise are required to effectively control this pest. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Entomological Society of America.

and consider use of a rootworm soil insecticide during planting. -Consider using corn that contains different Bt proteins than ones that may have performed poorly in the past.

and corn containing multiple Bt proteins is not available suppression of rootworm adults by using insecticides for one

rotation of Bt proteins and the use of soil insecticides at planting with a non-Bt hybrid.

#Endometriosis risk linked to two pesticidesa Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research center-led study has found that two organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of endometriosis a condition that affects up to 10 percent of reproductive

Since endometriosis is driven an estrogen condition we were interested in investigating the role of environmental chemicals that have estrogenic properties such as organochlorine pesticides on the risk of the disease she said.

despite organochlorine pesticides being restricted in use or banned in the U s. for the past several decades these chemicals were detectable in the blood samples of women in our study

Organochlorine pesticides have demonstrated generally estrogenic properties in laboratory studies of human tissue and adverse reproductive effects in laboratory studies of other model organisms altering the function of the uterus

and ovaries as well as hormone production Given these actions it's plausible that organochlorine pesticides could increase the risk of an estrogen-driven disease such as endometriosis Upson said.

Unfortunately many plants purchased by gardeners have been treated with systemic insecticides that can kill both pollinators that consume the nectar

This study shows that not only might consumers pay more for monarch-friendly milkweeds grown without systemic insecticides in the potting soil

or sediment was resistant to insecticides used in agricultural areas of central California. The study is the first to demonstrate that the indicator species may adapt to polluted conditions of a habitat

Insecticides for agricultural crops are regulated by the Environmental protection agency but runoff during rains can enter a lake pond

and adapted to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides--a principle known as adaptive evolution. As reported in this study the resistant H. azteca was no longer reliable as a bioindicator

The researchers were surprised to find that average concentrations of one of the compounds they analyzed dieldrin--an insecticide

#Genetically modified sweet corn can reduce insecticide usea new study finds that genetically-modified sweet corn is better for the environment

Our data suggest that using Bt sweet corn will dramatically reduce the use of traditional insecticides the authors wrote.

The authors found that for pest management of the corn earworm Bt sweet corn consistently performed better than its non-Bt counterparts even those that were sprayed with conventional insecticides.

and even with eight conventional insecticide sprays the non-Bt corn had only 18 percent marketable ears.

The use of Bt vegetables could significantly reduce the use of conventional insecticides and in turn reduce occupational and environmental risks that arise from intensive insecticide use Shelton said.

Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Entomological Society of America. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.

#Insect repellent: Scientists find insect DEET receptors, develop safe alternatives to DEETINSECTS are repelled by NN-diethyl-m-toluamide also known as DEET.

This research too may lead to the development of more effective insect repellents. Specifically the researchers used their computational approach to study the interactions between 24 odorant receptors in Drosophila antennae

The nine pesticides detected in the caiman blood were identified as insecticides. Of these seven were listed as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) banned under the 2011 Stockholm Convention.

and garden insecticides from wastewatereven though sewage treatment plants are designed not to remove tiny amounts of pesticides they do an excellent job of dealing with the most widely used family of home

and garden insecticides scientists have reported. Their study on pyrethroid insecticides--used in more than 3500 products--was part of the 246th National Meeting

& Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS) held in Indianapolis this week. We found that advanced sewage treatment reduced the levels of pyrethroids by more than 97 percent said Kurt N. Ohlinger Ph d. who presented the results of the study.

They are replacing organophosphate pesticides which are more acutely toxic to birds and mammals with uses that include home insect control insect-repellant clothing dog and cat flea shampoos mosquito control and agriculture.

The growing use led Ohlinger and colleagues to check on the effectiveness of advanced sewage treatment processes in removing pyrethroids from wastewater from a sewage treatment plant.

#Australian tarantula venom contains novel insecticide against agricultural pestsspider venoms are usually toxic when injected into prey

The small protein named orally active insecticidal peptide-1 (OAIP-1) was found to be highly toxic to insects that consumed it with potency similar to that of the synthetic insecticide imidacloprid.

and several species are resistant to available insecticides. Isolated peptides from the venom of spiders or other venomous insectivorous animals such as centipedes and scorpions may have the potential to serve as bioinsecticides.

Beekeeper and other organizations are pushing to stop the sale of certain neonicotinoids insecticides that some regard as the main culprit of CCD.

and simple measures to deal with itthe bedbug's most closely guarded secrets--stashed away in protective armor that enables these bloodsucking little nasties to shrug off insecticides

Zhu of Washington state University and colleagues who are with the University of Kentucky quickly realized that the location was the ideal spot for genes that mute the effects of pyrethroid insecticides--today's mainstay home

But research by Zhu's team and others has established that it's also a metabolic hot spot to protect against insecticides.

Some genes in the cuticle for instance produce substances that tear apart the molecular backbone of insecticides rendering them harmless.

Other genes manufacture biological pumps that literally pump insecticides back out of the cuticle before they can enter the body.

It enabled us to perform quickly an analysis that would have taken years in the 1990s--a genome-wide analysis of the insecticide-resistance related genes in bedbugs.

They found 14 genes that in various combinations help bedbugs survive pesticide treatments with pyrethroid-type insecticides.

and block or slow an insecticide from reaching the nerve cells where it can kill. In addition to this first-line of defense Zhu's team discovered that bedbugs have developed a second layer of protection.

In case insecticides slip past the armor other genes kick in to prevent the toxins from attacking the nervous system.

It reminds us how quickly a new insecticide can become ineffective she said. In the future efficient bedbug management should not rely on any single insecticide.

We need to combine as many chemical and non-chemical approaches as we have to get rid of the infestation.

#Relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use exploreda new UCSB study that analyzed U s. Department of agriculture (USDA) Census of Agriculture data spanning two decades (1987-2007) shows that the statistical magnitude existence

--and insecticide use varies enormously year to year. While there was a positive relationship in 2007--more simplified landscapes received more insecticides--it is absent

or reversed in all previous years. The findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (PNAS.

and insecticide use when examining 2007 data for seven midwestern states. Larsen's results also showed 2007 was increased positive with land area in cropland leading to increased cropland treated with insecticides.

But in 2002 and 1997 there was no statistically significant relationship; 1992 was increased negative cropland but decreased insecticides;

and 1987 was generally negative but sometimes null depending on the model specification used. According to Larsen the increase in agricultural production over the past four to five decades has corresponded to massive changes in land use often resulting in large scale monocultures separated by small fragments of natural land.

They just show that we don't really understand how either of those policies will affect insecticide use.

With just county-fixed effects the analysis showed a strong negative relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use.

or land sharing in terms of insecticide use if the relationship between landscape simplification and insecticide use flip flops year to year concluded Larsen.

Currently the use of long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying of homes are used widely for malaria transmission control

However this success is threatened now by factors such as a growing resistance to insecticides among mosquitoes.

The tremendous progress made in malaria control in the last decade is threatened now by mosquito resistance to the insecticides available for long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying.

It will therefore be combined with insecticide-treated bed nets or indoor residual spraying to hammer down malaria across the tropics.

#Insecticide-treated bed nets critical to global elimination of filariasisan international team of scientists have demonstrated that a simple low-cost intervention holds the potential to eradicate a debilitating tropical disease that threatens nearly 1. 4

The researchers including Case Western Reserve University School of medicine professor James Kazura MD found that insecticide-treated bed nets reduce transmission of lymphatic filariasis to undetectable levels--even

Our study quantifies the effect of the most widely implemented vector control measure--insecticide-treated bed nets

Insecticide-treated bed nets already are used widely in areas where lymphatic filariasis and malaria are present.

The insecticide reduces the life-span of the insect by half preventing it from living long enough for the parasite to become capable of transmission.

--despite intensive and costly use of insecticides new University of Michigan-led study in northwest India concludes.

--despite heavy use of insecticides--is concentrated in the areas adjacent to the main irrigation canal that have experienced the most pronounced change in irrigation levels in the last decade.

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