Ant diversity indicates restored grasslandswhen it comes to restoring grasslands ecologists may have another way to evaluate their progress--ants.
When it comes to native grasslands ants are ecosystem engineers. Ecological role of antsants play many ecological roles Winkler explained.
They aerate the soil cycle nutrients and play a role in plant defense and seed dispersal.
and animals that live in these ecosystems. Now new research funded by the NH Agricultural Experiment Station (NHAES) at the University of New hampshire College of Life sciences
Our data clearly demonstrate that cleaning up air pollution continues to have desired the effect of improving water quality for our region's lakes said NHAES researcher William Mcdowell professor of environmental science and director of the NH Water Resources Research center.
Jasmine Saros associate director of the Climate Change Institute at UMAINE and professor in UMAINE's School of Biology & Ecology;
Trends Reveal Recent Acceleration in the Rate of Recovery from Acidification in the Northeastern U s. in the journal Environmental science & Technology.
It must also be kept in mind that this positive effect of warming is but one amid a barrage of detrimental impacts of climate change on the Earth's ecosystems.
Another important finding Richardson said is that the research identifies a significant source of error in existing computer models of how forest ecosystems work.
Decomposition matters because the speed at which woody material are broken down strongly influences the retention of carbon in forest ecosystems
Understanding the ecology and biology of fungi and termites is a key to understanding how the rate of decomposition will vary from place to place.
Most people would try to make sure everything was as standard as possible said Mark A. Bradford an assistant professor of terrestrial ecosystem ecology at the Yale School of Forestry
Individual member states must use the flexibility offered by the reforms to design national plans for sustaining ecosystems say the experts.
who collaborated with a range of experts from the Universities of Cambridge Kent Freiburg Hohenheim Bern Wageningen MTA Centre for Ecological Research Hungary;
and encourage member states to make responsible decisions rather than pretend that the reform allows meeting the EU's important ecological targets says Pe'er.
'establishing Ecological Focus Areas maintaining permanent grasslands and setting minimum requirements on number of crops grown to stop areas slipping into homogenous'monocultures'.
and over 48%of its agricultural areas from having to incorporate Ecological Focus Areas. 81%of arable farmers are now exempt from the crop diversity measure
ldi from the MTA Centre for Ecological Research Hungary. But there are new member states who were against agri-environment schemes
and management prescriptions qualify as Ecological Focus Areas. They also list six recommendations for the EU to consider towards the next still-much-needed revision of the CAP.
and the EU as a whole to move towards sustainable agriculture securing biodiversity and vital ecosystem services for current and future generations.
During an expedition in southern Saskatchewan Canada the team discovered the first fossil-record evidence of forest fire ecology--the regrowth of plants after a fire--revealing a snapshot of the ecology on earth just before the mass extinction of the dinosaurs.
and provides one more clue to reveal what the ecology was like just before they went extinct says Larsson who is also an Associate professor at the Redpath Museum.
The team's finding of ancient ecological recovery from a forest fire will help broaden scientists'understanding of biodiversity immediately before the mass extinction of dinosaurs.
We won't be able to fully understand the extinction dynamics until we understand what normal ecological processes were going on in the background. says Larsson.
Policymakers should also increase funding for payments for ecosystem services and practice strong enforcement. Further forest management policies should combine environmental policy with socioeconomic development as well as establish moratoriums to increase effectiveness.
#Environmental one-two punch imperils Amazonian forestsone of the world's longest-running ecological studies has revealed that Amazonian forests are being altered by multiple environmental threats--creating even greater perils for the world's largest rainforest.
A big implication is that it's going to be harder to predict future changes to ecosystems
The study published in the Journal of Animal Ecology shows that tree bumblebees have rapidly spread
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
and some biological corridors have been designed to restore ecosystem functionality. How is originated biodiversity? The causes of the origin and maintenance of extant biodiversity in the Neotropics--an area of high biodiversity value--have been discussed for decades.
which inhabits soil ecosystems. Land planarians an animal model of phylogeographic studiesauthors explain that to formulate an efficient conservation policy a good understanding of spatial and temporal biodiversity patterns
This paper improves on a fundamental theory in ecosystem development: How a forest evolves over time.
or human being says lead author Jianwu (Jim) Tang an assistant scientist in the MBL Ecosystem Center.
The findings underscore a key limitation of using aggregated data across wide geographic areas to predict future climate change said Mark A. Bradford an assistant professor of terrestrial ecosystem ecology at the Yale School of Forestry
and measuring such hyper-local ecological factors could significantly improve the effectiveness of climate change projections he adds.
So the message for field ecologists like me is to go out and get much richer data sets with much more information.
We should make measurements at those local scales to capture all of the importance processes that affect ecosystem functioning.
and ethics the study appears in the latest issue of the peer-reviewed scholarly journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
and soil ecology teamed up with experts in oceanography political science sociology economics and ethics. Working under the auspices of the National Science Foundation the team spent two years evaluating more than 100 studies that addressed the various implications of climate engineering and their anticipated effects on greenhouse gases.
while still providing forest cover and wildlife habitat worked equally as well as more intensive treatments in allowing for the protection of homes during the 2011 Wallow Fire a study published in the journal Forest Ecology
and qualitative observations during the Wallow Fire suggest previously implemented treatments did said just that Morris Johnson a research fire ecologist with the U s. Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station
and Spatial Ecology (LUBIES) Interfaculty School of Bioengineering (EIB Universitã libre de Bruxelles) and Tim Robinson (International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya) publishes this week
This study is the result of a partnership between the Laboratory of Biological Control and Spatial Ecology (ULB LUBIES) the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI Nairobi Kenya) the Food and Agricultural organization of the United nations
#Ecosystem services: Looking forward to mid-centuryas population grows society needs more--more energy more food more paper more housing more of nearly everything.
Those conversions can in turn diminish the health of natural ecosystems and their ability to provide an array of valuable services such as clean air
In one paper Plantinga a professor at the Bren School of Environmental science & Management and colleagues model the future of land-use change in the United states under various scenarios and possible effects on the provision of some important ecosystem services.
In a related publication the researchers develop incentive structures to best encourage landowners to provide ecosystem services.
Projected land-use changes by 2051 will likely enhance the provision of some ecosystem services and decrease the provision of others he said.
In this application ecosystem services are defined as the goods and services provided by nature that are of value to people.
The point is to identify which types of ecosystem services are provided as land use changes he concluded.
but you may need strong incentives to limit declines in the provision of other ecosystem services.
which identifies the best auction structure for securing ecosystem services particularly those provided by private landowners.
Building on established auction theory the paper breaks new ground in structuring an auction that addresses three key challenges to inducing private landowners to provide optimal levels of ecosystem services.
These include the spatial component of ecosystem services. For example adjoining parcels of land may be more valuable from the perspective of providing habitat than three fragmented parcels adding up to the same size.
what are called often payments for ecosystem services. Because forests clean rivers climate regulation and other ecosystem services are freely available to everyone landowners often receive nothing for actions they take on their own land that contribute to the pool of ecosystem services.
Those services may be underprovided due to a lack of price incentives for private activities taken for the public good.
--and the optimal provision of ecosystem services--in situations defined by asymmetric information and spatially dependent benefits.
A record number of species use the same odor to exploit each otherthe open-access journal Frontiers in Ecology
In the first study to experimentally demonstrate that competition between plants can result in ecosystem-wide losses of forest carbon scientists working in Panama showed that lianas
or woody vines can reduce net forest biomass accumulation by nearly 20 percent Researchers called this estimate conservative in findings published this month in Ecology.
Findings by Schnitzer and colleagues also published this year in Ecology showed that liana distribution
Penelope Measham and Nicholas Macnair from the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture at the University of Tasmania along with Audrey Quentin from CSIRO Ecosystems Science published the results of their experiments using two common sweet cherry varieties.
when the cumulative damages of widening infestations are considered report scientists in Ecological Society of America's journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
or worse than the emerald ash borer said lead author Brian Leung an ecologist at Mcgill University in Montreal Canada.
or ecological values of the trees so the benefits are even greater than our calculations said Leung.
Ash species are important constituents of native forest ecosystems particularly the hardwood forests of the east
The above story is provided based on materials by Ecological Society of America. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The new study led by IIASA Ecosystems Services and Management researcher Oskar Franklin in collaboration with the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences used a theoretical model to explain the new experimental findings by simulating the interaction between individual fungus and plant.
and a sea anemone that lives under an Antarctic glacier are among the species identified by the SUNY College of Environmental science and Forestry's (ESF) International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) as the top 10 species discovered last
The above story is provided based on materials by SUNY College of Environmental science and Forestry. The original article was written by Claire B. Dunn and Karen B. Moore.
but the forests on top of it are providing clean water clean air climate regulation and a host of other ecological values.
We need to maintain them as healthy functioning ecosystems while extracting the gas. We hope our research will help to determine where thresholds of change occur
or minimal at best to protect these valuable ecological services that are provided free of-charge to all of us.
or dry said Baldocchi professor of Environmental science Policy and Management. Generally when conditions are too dry
Johanna Schmitt formerly at Brown University and now a distinguished professor in the UC Davis Department of Evolution and Ecology and colleagues took banked seed samples originally from Spain England Germany and Finland and raised all the plants
Ecology, super-sizedthe University of Wisconsin-Madison home of pioneering ecologists who studied lakes forests wetlands
and prairies is playing a key role in the next wave of ecological research: large teams of scientists confronting the dilemma of a changing climate on a shrinking planet.
But where UW-Madison's Edward Birge and Chancey Juday considered the founders of freshwater science once studied lakes one by one UW-Madison scientists are now leading several large-scale ecological investigations.
The university through its Trout Lake Station in Boulder Junction Wisconsin has played a pivotal role in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) an international network that has placed observation buoys at more than 100 lakes.
On land Paleon (the Paleo-Ecological Observatory Network) is looking backward to see forward assembling long-term records from lake sediments and other natural archives to build large-scale reconstructions of forest and climate
Some ecosystem models predict that forests will store more carbon over this century but others say they will release more.
With our traditional strengths in field and laboratory ecology and in building large-scale data syntheses we can carry a heavy burden in the effort to map the changes in North american forests over the last thousand years up through the present.
and Wildlife Ecology says Williams. We are building on 20 years of David's work for Wisconsin
The ultimate goal is to flesh out a deeper history of the effects of climate variability on forests which are essential for the ecosystem models that explore the feedbacks between forest ecosystems
and it's now being done with terrestrial ecosystem models. The new emphasis on large-scale ecosystem research is the next logical step for a university with a long history of studying changes in climate due to human activity
and other causes says Williams. Reid Bryson was one of the first to look seriously at climate change
Ecological history--on both land and water--is no longer the province of the lone wolf no matter how talented and dedicated Williams says.
I really see it as'ecology grows up and grows out.''We are looking at bigger questions a longer time scale at wider horizons
That news came from Peter Curtis a professor of evolution ecology and organismal biology who specializes in forest ecology;
and Richard Moore professor of environment and natural resources who studies agricultural trends in the state.
which future drought events and climate change can cause a lot of ecological changes to the Amazonian system Numata added.
and can affect ecosystems negatively. That could be given a problem the high biodiversity of tropical rain forests and their important role in the global carbon cycle and the Earth's climate.
It shows that few ecosystems On earth have escaped the impact of human activity. He notes that human impacts on the nitrogen cycle typically are greatest where biological nitrogen fixation is low and human inputs of nitrogen are high-like in many parts of North america including Montana.
and that humans add relatively little nitrogen to tropical ecosystems. In fact by reducing estimates of naturally occurring nitrogen inputs this research shows that human impacts on the nitrogen cycle are even bigger than we thought.
Preserving human and ecosystem health requires immediate steps to solve this growing problem Cleveland said.
The Pathological Laboratory at the Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology specializes in such cases. Severe pneumonia as cause of deathnineteen dead chamois from the region of Amstetten Lilienfeld and Salzburg in north-central Austria were investigated.
and the ecological role of bees after majoring in environmental studies and ecology at the University of Tennessee.
and to work with Bunker who is interested also very much in researching the ecological interdependence between plants and other organisms.
and the trees leaf Out in addition Morristown is part of the Northeast Temperate Network (NETN) established by the U s. National park service to monitor ecological conditions in 12 parks located in seven northeastern states as well as six
and Bunker to integrate their data into the network's larger ecological picture. We realized that Morristown could give us a really nice model system for looking at how bees
-boring insects according to a study by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS.
Robert Howarth greenhouse gas expert and ecology and environmental biology professor fears that we may not be many years away from an environmental tipping point â
The findings are published in a special issue of Environmental science and Technology Understanding the Risks of Unconventional Shale Gas Development.
because knowledge of the kinds of plants and animals that lived here in the past provide us with a framework for understanding today's ecosystems.
The scientist from the Department of Animal Ecology Evolution and Biodiversity also found out that bees are aware of
and Environmental science and author of a paper titled Sustainability of the Selection System in Northern Hardwood Forests published in the April 2014 issue of the journal Forest Science.
What distinguishes silviculture from forest ecology is the idea of managing the forests to preserve
There could also be an ecological cost. For seedlings to survive and grow in northern hardwoods there must be gaps big enough to allow light to reach the forest floor.
Terry Sharik dean of Michigan Tech's School of Forest Resources and Environmental science called the study important.
The answer is given undoubtedly complex the host of ecological social and economic factors that come into play.
and destabilizes water ecosystems. Damages in Europe alone have been estimated at around 1-4 percent of economic output worth billions of Euro.
and seed from escaping into the ecosystem and crossing with wild plants. Cary Mitchell professor of horticulture said the technique could be particularly useful for growing transgenic crops to produce high-value medicinal products such as antibodies for the budding plant-derived industrial and pharmaceutical compounds industry.
It is an affordable non-chemical means of taking genetically modified crops to harvest maturity without getting any kind of pollen or seed into the ecosystem.
which organisms respond to novel ecological and environmental pressures. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Pensoft Publishers.
The new study published today in the Journal of Ecology examined differences in aboveground wood production (one component of the total uptake of carbon by plants)
Lead author Dr Lindsay Banin from the UK's Centre for Ecology & Hydrology said In Borneo dipterocarps--a family of large trees with winged seeds--produce wood more quickly than their neighbours.
Co-author Professor Oliver Phillips from the University of Leeds said One big question in ecology is
whether plant species composition matters at all to fundamental ecosystem functions such as productivity or carbon storage.
The fact that dipterocarp-dominated forests achieve faster wood growth than even the most diverse forests in the Amazon shows that the random evolutionary histories of continents can determine their whole ecology.
The above story is provided based on materials by Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The document outlines the economic and ecological importance of these species. For example birding-related business generates some $100 billion per year in the U s
Research published in the journal Environmental science & Technology by a team of scientists from the UK Switzerland and Finland provides an important new approach for systematically measuring
Research published in the journal Environmental science & Technology by a team of scientists from the UK Switzerland and Finland provides an important new approach for systematically measuring
Drought and increased warming foster wildfires and increased competition for scarce water resources for people and ecosystems.
Impacts on infrastructure natural systems human health and economic sectors combined with issues of social and ecological vulnerability will unfold quite differently in largely natural areas like the Cascade range than in urban areas like Seattle and Portland or among the region
Changes in the timing of streamflow related to earlier snowmelt reduce the supply of water in summer causing far-reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences.
Rapidly receding summer sea ice shrinking glaciers and thawing permafrost cause damage to infrastructure and major changes to ecosystems.
Increasingly constrained freshwater supplies coupled with increased temperatures stress both people and ecosystems and decrease food and water security.
and health property infrastructure economies and ecology in many basins across the United Statesâ#Increasing resilience and enhancing adaptive capacity provide opportunities to strengthen water resources management and plan for climate-change impacts.
Agriculture) â#¢Ecosystems: Ecosystems and the benefits they provide to society are being affected by climate change.
The capacity of ecosystems to buffer the impacts of extreme events like fires floods and severe storms is being overwhelmed.
Climate change impacts on biodiversity are already being observed in alteration of the timing of critical biological events such as spring bud burst and substantial range shifts of many species. In the longer term there is an increased risk
Events such as droughts floods wildfires and pest outbreaks associated with climate change (for example bark beetles in the West) are already disrupting ecosystems.
These changes limit the capacity of ecosystems such as forests barrier beaches and wetlands to continue to play important roles in reducing the impacts of extreme events on infrastructure human communities
Ecosystems) â#¢Oceans: Ocean waters are becoming warmer and more acidic broadly affecting ocean circulation chemistry ecosystems and marine life.
More acidic waters inhibit the formation of shells skeletons and coral reefs. Warmer waters harm coral reefs and alter the distribution abundance
since the 1980s with the largest increases occurring in the western United states affecting ecosystems and agriculture.
and are becoming more acidic as a result leading to concerns about intensifying impacts on marine ecosystems.
or flooding declining crop yields or ecosystem damages create hotspots of risk in specific parts of Africa.
While climate change certainly is a global challenge as greenhouses-gases from the use of fossil fuels disturb ecosystems worldwide the impacts vary widely over space and time.
-symbiont interface is published in the journal of Molecular Ecology. That study found that the presence of amino acid transporters is expanded significantly in some sap-feeding insects relative to non sap-feeding insects.
Trees are the foundation for healthy social ecology and have proven to be beneficial for children socially physically and emotionally.
These fossil studies have been considered tremendously important for understanding how ecosystems have responded and will respond to climate change and disturbance.
and aquatic ecologist Carlos de la Rosa was passing slowing and quietly by and caught the moment on film.
De la Rosa reported the encounter in a peer-reviewed letter in the May 2014 issue of the Ecological Society of America's journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
This experience reminds us that the world still has many surprises for ecologists de la Rosa said.
The above story is provided based on materials by Ecological Society of America. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Researchers from leading universities including the University of Sheffield carried out a survey of carbon stocks biodiversity and economic values from one of the world's most threatened ecosystems the western Andes of Colombia.
Lead researcher Dr James Gilroy from the University of East Anglia's school of Environmental sciences carried out the research while at the Norwegian University of Life sciences.
This research shows that there are great environmental and ecological benefits to changing land use from cattle farming to forest
and cockroaches said Ludek Zurek K-State professor of microbial ecology and lead author on the published study.
so subsidies can provide a needed boost to make the investment worthwhile said study lead author Avery Cohn an independent fellow at the UC Berkeley Energy Biosciences Institute and a graduate of the Department of Environmental science Policy and Management.
and human changes to those ecosystems--a timely topic as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change prepares to examine land use impacts on greenhouse gas emissions says Prof.
and creating these kinds of high methane-producing ecosystems. Most methane studies focus on measurements at a single site said co-author Narasinha Shurpali University of Eastern Finland.
Turetsky holds a Canada Research Chair in Integrative Ecology. She and her students examine how ecosystems regulate climate in field sites in Canada and Alaska.
Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Guelph. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
Lead researcher Prof Colin Murrell from UEA's school of Environmental sciences said: Natural gas from geological sources contains methane as well as substantial quantities of ethane propane and butane.
#Crabs killing Northeast saltmarshes, study confirmsa marathon summer of field work by Mark Bertness professor of ecology and evolutionary biology and a squadron of students may finally help settle the heated debate about
In the other study published in the journal Ecology Letters they directly tested that hypothesis with experiments on Cape cod.
Brown alumnus Tyler Coverdale is a co-author on the Ecology Letters paper. In Narragansett bay they ran several tests during the summer at sites where die off ranged from less than 5 percent to 98 percent.
Sure enough the team reported in Ecology Letters that excluding predators for a single growing season rapidly led to a more than 100-percent increase in Sesarma herbivory a more than 60-percent decrease in aboveground cordgrass biomass a more than 95-percent
There are still experiments the team would like to do to further understand the ecosystem dynamics that lead to the marsh die off
The observed effects of climate change have an impact on people's health land and marine ecosystems water supplies and people's livelihoods from the polar regions to the tropics and from small islands to continents.
As marine and coastal ecosystems change their diversity and the products and services derived from them will weaken.
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