Co-author of the report Prof Mark Sutton an Environmental Physicist at the UK's Centre for Ecology
The above story is provided based on materials by Centre for Ecology & Hydrology. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
As a result of the findings published in the Journal of Applied Ecology planners and policy makers should increase the number of allotments available the authors say.
Working in Leicester ecologist Dr Jill Edmondson from the University of Sheffield took soil samples from 27 plots on 15 allotment sites across the city.
The above story is provided based on materials by British Ecological Society (BES. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
By using computer models to predict ecological niches the scientists identified many areas where dwarf birch could potentially grow under current climates.
Ultimately he warns agricultural productivity depends on the conservation of native ecosystems and the climate stability they provide.
The study funded by the Natural Environment Research Council was published in Global Ecology and Biogeography.
and biomass but we must ensure we have sufficient ecological ground data to correctly interpret
One of the most influential ecological disturbances is fire. Fire can spread so rapidly and for such far distances that its impact on land is for the most part far greater than any other factor.
Millions of acres of forest have been lost with severe economic and ecological impacts from a beetle outbreak ten times larger than previous outbreaks.
and they or their genes might move to the human ecosystem. Is this a route for movement of these genes from the barn to the table?
AR genes can enter the human ecosystem by two routes--either the bacteria that contain them colonize humans
. Results from the four-pronged investigation--based on linguistic and ecological evidence as well as the more traditional archaeological and genetic data--suggest a regional rather than a geographically specific birthplace for the domesticated chili pepper.
This is the first research ever to integrate multiple lines of evidence in attempts to pinpoint where when under what ecological conditions and by
A new study published April 16 in the journal Nature and co-authored by three Stanford scientists finds that a long-accepted theory used to estimate extinction rates predict ecological risk
and assessing ecological risks. Current projections forecast that about half of Earth's plants and animals will go extinct over the next century because of human activities mostly due to our agricultural methods.
which economic prosperity and all other aspects of human well-being depend said co-author Gretchen Daily the Bing Professor in Environmental science at Stanford
and significantly higher in the island ecosystem and species abundances were compared increasingly uneven to the countryside ecosystem the study found.
and slow extinction rates compared to true island ecosystems. Especially in the tropics island biogeographic theory's application is distorting our understanding and conservation strategies in agriculture the enterprise on
A theory of countryside biogeography is pivotal to conservation strategy in the agricultural ecosystems that comprise roughly half of the global land surface
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
and the United states currently are not necessary in East Africa said Elliud Muli senior lecturer in the Department of Biological sciences South Eastern Kenya University and researcher at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
Honeybees are pollinators of untold numbers of plants in every ecosystem on the African continent Patch said.
and ecosystem services including water quality and wildlife. So this sector has some opportunities to help improve the quality of land resources as well as mitigating climate change.
It's easy to assume that a 3-year drought is an inconsequential blip on the radar for ecosystems that develop over centuries to millennia.
But new research just released in Ecological Monographs shows how short-lived but severe climatic events can trigger cascades of ecosystem change that last for centuries.
Some of the most compelling evidence of how ecosystems respond to drought and other challenges can be found in the trunks of our oldest trees.
Results from an analysis of tree rings spanning more than 300000 square miles and 400 years of history in the eastern U s.--led by scientists at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory the Harvard Forest and elsewhere--point to ways in
Trees are great recorders of information says Dave Orwig an ecologist at the Harvard Forest
Pederson who will become a senior ecologist at the Harvard Forest in fall 2014 notes that as climate warms increasing drought conditions
and bats and provide ecosystem services such as filtering water and air stabilizing soil during heavy rains storing carbon and replenishing soil nutrients.
and fall says Dave Shuford Point Blue ecologist and lead author of the publication. The Central Valley's protected wetlands (federal wildlife refuges state wildlife areas and private lands)
and moisture on the site and stores carbon said Carolyn Copenheaver an associate professor of forest ecology In virginia Tech's College of Natural resources and Environment.
and forest ecology at the University of Tehran and his graduate committee members were Reinhard Mosandl chair of silviculture at the Technical University of Munich.
This paper produces the first evidence that to really understand the carbon cycle you have to look into issues of nutrient cycling within the soil says IIASA Ecosystems Services
Marcos Fernandez-Martinez first author of the paper and researcher at the Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF) and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) says In general nutrient
Furthermore the study showed that nutrient-rich ecosystems also generally have more stable ground organic material
Dr. Natia Kopaliani Dr. David Tarkhnishvili and colleagues from the Institute of Ecology at Ilia State university in Georgia and from the Tbilisi Zoo in Georgia used a range of genetic techniques to extract
Hertwich director of NTNU's Industrial Ecology program was one of four lead authors of the IPCC report from Norway along with his Industrial Ecology colleague Professor Daniel Beat MÃ ller.
And as an industrial ecologist like Hertwich will tell you price is everything in determining the kinds of choices we will make to either protect the planet's climate
As head of NTNU's Industrial Ecology program and with all of his public contributions to efforts like the IPCC Hertwich's mission is to help people clearly see the costs
More than 30 scientists and forest managers contributed to Michigan Forest Ecosystem Vulnerability Assessment and Synthesis. The study is part of the Northwoods Climate Change Response Framework a collaboration of federal state academic and private partners led by the Forest Service's Northern Institute of Applied Climate
This report is designed to give forest managers in Michigan the best possible science on effects of climate change for our particular forest ecosystems
The assessment evaluates the vulnerability of forest ecosystems within a 16.6-million-acre area in Michigan's eastern Upper Peninsula and northern Lower Peninsula about 70 percent of the state's forested land cover.
The results published in the journal Ecology in April 2014 show that pollutants that accumulate at the Poles can indeed cause a decline in bird populations.
electricity from solar infrastructure and easily transportable liquid fuel from biofuel cultivation said Ravi the lead author of a new study published in a recent issue of the journal Environmental science & Technology that details the idea.
#Farming for improved ecosystem services seen as economically feasibleby changing row-crop management practices in economically and environmentally stable ways US farms could contribute to improved water quality biological diversity pest suppression
The article based on research conducted over 25 years at the Kellogg Biological Station in southwest Michigan further reports that Midwest farmers especially those with large farms appear willing to change their farming practices to provide these ecosystem services in exchange for payments.
which is part of the Long term Ecological Research Network. The research analyzed by Robertson and colleagues investigated the yields
Now is the time to guide this intensification in a way that enhances the delivery of ecosystems services that are marketed not currently they conclude.
Our survey makes it clear that this action has saved also a large number of West african chimpanzees says co-author Menladi Lormie Max Planck researcher and FDA ecologist of the President's decision.
This variability in the sexual division of labour in living agro-pastoralist groups shows the importance of context ecology and various cultural factors on sex differences in physical activity.
#Putting a price on ecological restorationputting a price on clean water and soil fertility helps the UN set ecological restoration targets for degraded
and deforested land. Forests provide essential ecosystem services for people including timber food and water.
For those struggling with the after-effects of deforestation the main hope lies in rebuilding forest resources through ecological restoration.
Researchers at BU have shown that placing a monetary value on ecosystem services provides a mechanism for evaluating the costs and benefits of reforestation activity.
Ecological restoration initiatives are being undertaken around the world attracting investment of $us billions annually explained Professor Adrian Newton.
They make a significant contribution to sustainable development but few attempts have been made to systematically evaluate their effectiveness.
and fellow BU researchers analysed 89 different types of restored ecosystem sites across the world.
although restored land was not as productive as land that had not been degraded restoration efforts increased biodiversity by 44%and provision of ecosystem services by 25%.
%What's unique about Professor Newton's research is that it also provides one of the first evidence-based assessments of how cost-effective ecological restoration initiatives actually are.
Reforlan brought together researchers from six countries to assess the environmental degradation and the potential for ecological recovery through restoration.
The methodology assigns financial value to ecosystem services such as the provision of clean water carbon storage
We examined whether ecological restoration can be cost effective based on the value of ecosystem services provided by restoration actions he explained.
This was undertaken by analysing the value of the increased provision of ecosystem services that could potentially be provided as a result of ecological restoration actions.
and specifically'Target 15'of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets to restore 15%of the world's degraded ecosystems by 2020.
and enhance ecosystem service provision for those living within them. The Forest Landscape Restoration method has been heralded as the solution to restoring 150 million acres of degraded
He conclude Ecosystems are a rich source of biodiversity and the services they provide are relied upon by local people.
The approach developed through the Reforlan project allows policy makers to identify locations where ecological restoration is most likely to be cost effective.
#Large-scale fences can cause ecological meltdown, study showswildlife fences are constructed for a variety of reasons including to prevent the spread of diseases protect wildlife from poachers
which has been termed ecological meltdown. In some parts of the world fencing is part of the culture of wildlife conservation--it's assumed that all wildlife areas have to be fenced.
But fencing profoundly alters ecosystems and can cause some species to disappear. We're asking that conservationists as well as other sectoral interests carefully weigh up the biodiversity costs
In addition to their ecosystem-wide impact fences do not always achieve their specific aims Construction of fences to reduce human-wildlife conflict has been successful in some places
and US Forest Service in the Ecological Society of America's journal Ecosphere last week but outlier project sites with good grouse habitat may yield clues to successful management scenarios.
The sagebrush ecosystem is adapted not to frequent fires like some forests in California and the central Rockies and fires have increased in frequency and in size over the last half century.
and it's not very good at dispersing seeds long distance said author Robert Arkle a supervisory ecologist for the USGS Forest & Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center at the Snake river Field Station in Idaho.
But the factors that ultimately determine the survival of the sagebrush ecosystem may be out of managers'control.
The above story is provided based on materials by Ecological Society of America. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
The paper published in the current issue of the Journal of Applied Ecology gives farmers of pollination-dependent crops tangible results to convert marginal acreage to fields of wildflowers said Rufus Isaacs MSU entomologist
Scott Jackson director of the University of Georgia Center for Applied Genetic Technologies in the College of Agricultural and Environmental sciences serves as chair of the International Peanut Genome Initiative or IPGI.
It's a surprise to find methane is such a big source of energy in these gin-clear waters famed for their luxuriant plant growth said co-author Professor Mark Trimmer Head of the Aquatic Ecology Group at Queen Mary
#Amazon studied to predict impact of climate changethree extreme weather events in the Amazon basin in the last decade are giving scientists an opportunity to make observations that will allow them to predict the impacts of climate change and deforestation on some of the most important ecological
processes and ecosystem services of the Amazon river wetlands. Scientists from Virginia Tech the Woods Hole Research center and the University of California Santa barbara funded by NASA are collaborating with Brazilian scientists to explore the ecosystem consequences of the extreme droughts of 2005 and 2010 and the extreme flood
of 2009. The research fills an important gap in our understanding of the vulnerability of tropical river-forest systems to changes in climate
and ecosystem services such as fisheries are affected so that we can devise mitigation strategies. Amazonian grasses sometimes called macrophytes convert atmospheric carbon to plant biomass which is processed then by aquatic microorganisms upon decomposition.
Our research informs large river ecology globally because natural flowing rivers like the Amazon are rare these days
#Deforestation of sandy soils a greater climate threatdeforestation may have far greater consequences for climate change in some soils than in others according to new research led by Yale university scientists--a finding that could provide critical insights into which ecosystems
which ecosystems are more resilient to widespread tree removal. In a comprehensive analysis of soil collected from 11 distinct U s. regions from Hawaii to northern Alaska researchers found that the extent to which deforestation disturbs underground microbial communities that regulate the loss of carbon into the atmosphere depends almost exclusively on the texture of the soil.
Using previously documented information about soil distribution the researchers were able to map potential areas where belowground ecosystems are more likely to be vulnerable to deforestation.
and densities in non-reserved forests--in addition to keeping some global forests in reserves--would help preserve biodiversity in ecosystems worldwide Oliver said.
The study was published December 2013 in Environmental science & Technology. The new estimate is about double the current estimate by the U s. Environmental protection agency
and Menno Schilthuizen is to teach the students about how the rich tapestry of the tropical lowland rainforest's ecosystem is woven.
Besides charismatic species such as the orangutans that the students encounter every day in the forest the tropical ecosystem consists of scores of unseen organisms
A study conducted by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) in the Gabayan watershed in eastern Bohol Philippines has shown that agroforestry systems create a more sustainably managed watershed that allows people living there to benefit from the ecosystem.
and the ecosystem services provided by the Gabayan watershed. The tool predicts the environmental impact of land use land management practices and climate change.
but also provide a multitude of ecological and cultural services including water for irrigation and industry shelter habitats for biodiversity and in very poor areas sources of livelihoods.
#Forests crucial to green growththe value of forests and tree-based ecosystems extends far beyond carbon sequestration;
while at the same time enhancing the conservation of forests and ecosystem services. Each year the International Day of Forests highlights the unique role of forests in the environment
Amy Groesbeck an SFU alumna SFU professors Anne Salomon an ecologist and Dana Lepofsky an archaeologist and Kirsten Rowell a University of Washington biologist are the authors.
This study notes that some of today's benthic shellfish aquaculture practices have been shown to undermine near shore ecosystem resilience.
and invasion by nonnative plant species says Carol Horvitz professor of ecology in the University of Miami College of Arts
Similar links maybe found in other ecosystems between disrupted fauna and declining diversity of flora.
Our findings imply that management of overabundant grazing animals would be beneficial for conservation of plant biodiversity says Horvitz who is also a founding member of UM's Institute of Theoretical and Mathematical Ecology.
This demonstrates that the high population growth rate of the invader is caused by the high abundance of deer says Susan Kalisz professor of evolutionary ecology in the University of Pittsburgh's Department of Biological sciences and principal investigator of the study.
The team's results support an ecological theory that native species in communities can exert biotic resistance.
A study published today in the Journal of Ecology by a team from the LOEWE Biodiversity
and Climate Research Centre and the University of Halle-Wittenberg demonstrates the importance of this hitherto neglected ecosystem function for the restoration of montane rain forests.
and tested whether this ecosystem function may contribute to the restoration of deforested areas. The red lipid-rich aril a fleshy pulp surrounding the seeds of Clusia is highly attractive to many animals.
but very little is known about its impact in degraded forest ecosystems. The study reveals that ants reduce seed predation by rodents and increase germination success
--which confirms the importance of this ecosystem function for forest regeneration. The study has been carried out in two 3000 ha islands of natural mountain rain forest
Due to the ecosystem service provided by ants in the degraded areas a faster and sustainable establishment of tree seedlings like Clusia may be expected.
and plant species and accelerate the regeneration of the mountain rain forest ecosystem. Schleuning concludes: Drought frequencies in the Andes are likely to increase in the future.
This introduction--viewed until now as an introduction of an alien species into a previously unoccupied ecosystem--was aimed at fostering a large breeding population at a safe site that could be used in restocking the mainland where historic land use decimated native bighorn sheep populations.
The study published online in the journal Molecular Ecology has important implications for future climate changes.
Climate and ecological niche computer model simulations were matched closely by genetic data of the two less-tolerant orchid bee species. The genetic data included mitochondrial markers
and fungi that decompose plant matter in healthy ecosystems are hindered by radioactive contamination. They showed a smaller effect for small invertebrates such as termites that also contribute to decomposition of plant biomass.
It's another facet of the impacts of low-dose-rate radioactive contaminants on the broader ecosystem Mousseau says.
study showsa forest in South carolina a supercomputer in Ohio and some glow-in-the-dark yarn have helped a team of field ecologists conclude that woodland corridors connecting patches of endangered plants not only increase dispersal of seeds
As society places increasing demands on agricultural land beyond food production to include ecosystem services we needed a new way to evaluate'success'in agriculture said Jason Kaye professor of biogeochemistry.
This research presents a framework for considering a suite of ecosystem services that could be derived from agricultural land
Our analysis shows how the effort to improve water quality with cover crops will affect other ecosystem services that we expect from agricultural land.
The research published in the March issue of Agricultural Systems quantified the benefits offered by cover crops across more than 10 ecosystem services.
Lead researcher Meagan Schipanski explained that commonly used measurements of ecosystem services can be misleading due to the episodic nature of some services and the time sensitivity of management windows.
By integrating a suite of ecosystem services into a unified analytical framework we highlighted the potential for cover crops to influence a wide array of ecosystem services.
We estimated that cover crops increased eight of 11 ecosystem services. In addition we demonstrated the importance of
considering temporal dynamics when assessing management system effects on ecosystem services. Trade-offs occurred between economic metrics
Dr Mick Hanley Lecturer in Ecology at Plymouth University said the study showed the continued importance of promoting diversity
Teresa Saura and Ramon Vallejo from the Department of Plant Biology of UB and Santiago Sabatã from the Department of Ecology of UB and the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF.
They belong to several institutions such as the Autonomous University of Barcelona the University of Girona the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF) the Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CTFC) the Natural history Museum
Peter Kevan School of Environmental sciences are studying bees'ability to learn by themselves and from each other.
when D. suzukii was identified as a pest said Joel Atallah a postdoctoral researcher at UC Davis who carried out the work with Artyom Kopp professor of evolution and ecology and undergraduate researchers Lisa Teixeira Raul
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
Santa cruz plant ecologist and her team of undergraduate students. Ingrid Parker the Langenheim professor of plant ecology and evolution at UC Santa cruz got involved in the marsh sandwort recovery effort at the request of the U s. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS.
Although it used to occur all along the west coast from San diego to Washington state this wetland plant with delicate white flowers had dwindled to one population in a boggy wetland in San luis Obispo County.
They published their findings in the April issue of Plant Ecology (available in advance online. Surprisingly the plants tolerated a much wider range of soil moisture
and also in furthering our understanding of wetland ecology she said. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of California-Santa cruz. The original article was written by Tim Stephens. Note:
and planning for future ecological hazards and to consider the impact of those decisions. The researchers posed three scenarios involving future drastic climate changes.
Ecologists on the research team would then predict the impact of the suggested planning. The three possible scenarios were:
The interdisciplinary project involved the expertise of anthropologists conservation social scientists ecologists and a hydrologist. Co-researchers on the project are Laurie Yung associate professor of natural resource social science University of Montana;
#Reindeer grazing may counteract effects of climate warming on tundra carbon sinklocal reindeer grazing history is an important determinant in the response of an ecosystem's carbon sink to climate warming say researchers at the Arctic
The consequences of global climate warming on ecosystem carbon sink in tundra are of great interest
Increased carbon fixation in heavily grazed tundra compensated the warming-induced increase in the carbon dioxide release from the ecosystem.
Grazing alters several ecosystem properties such as plant species composition and soil nutrient availability which in turn alter ecosystem responses to climate warming says Academy Research Fellow Sari Stark from the Arctic Centre.
The significance of reindeer grazing history to tundra carbon balances has not been studied previously. The present results may modify climate models that predict the effects of global warming on global carbon cycles.
and the upright trunks said Kathleen Foster a Ph d. student in Evolution Ecology and Organismal biology who performed the study.
This has unearthed a lot of questions about ecology evolution how parts of animals evolve and how they respond to their environment.
#Tropical grassy ecosystems under threat, scientists warnscientists at the University of Liverpool have found that tropical grassy areas which play a critical role in the world's ecology are under threat as a result of ineffective management.
According to research published in Trends in Ecology and Evolution they are misclassified often and this leads to degradation of the land
which all generate a unique and complex set of ecological processes and interactions not found in other habitats.
Dr Kate Parr from the School of Environmental sciences said: The distinctive evolutionary histories and biodiversity values of these areas needs to be recognised by conservation managers and policy makers.
Whilst it is assumed generally that'more trees are better'in tropical rainforest this is not necessarily the case for tropical grassy ecosystems and so the outcomes of global carbon and conservation initiatives
Any changes to the balance between human livelihoods and ecosystem function would have an impact on the use of land the availability of resources
Tropical grassy ecosystems are associated with savannas and upland grasslands in Africa and savanna-type grasslands in India Australia
and the shrubs between the two have some features of both said U of I microbial ecologist Tony Yannarell.
Influence of Shrub Encroachment on the Soil Microbial Community Composition of Remnant Hill Prairies was published in the February 2014 issue of Microbial Ecology.
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences (ACES.
The study--published in The british Ecological Society's Journal of Applied Ecology-is the first to show that seed-dispersing bats avoid feeding in light-polluted areas.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011