Sure lets destroy the ecosystems of ridges and mountain tops because we never see it anyway.
and arrangement of the vegetation in a forest and how it functions as an ecosystem.
Myself I see the benefits to the local ecosystem of having wolves present to keep the populations of other species in check.
and peatland destruction ecosystems that would otherwise be storing much more carbon than the palm plantations that replace them.
and eradication effort quickly to avoid devastation of a sensitive island ecosystem and a culture so tied to the palm tree e
and plants in harmful ways and the ecosystem became unbalanced. Or as science puts it we caused a harmful top-down trophic cascade by removing an apex predator the wolf from the food web.
Journalist Emma Marris who recently wrote about wolf/ecosystem science for the journal Nature finds that Middleton's stance aligns with a growing body of evidence.
Some of the recent studies suggest that trophic cascades in land-based ecosystems are more center out than top-down composed of many many radial lines of cause
or breaks a healthy ecosystem. Every population of wolves has a different interesting story going on with them says Marris.'
And in some it's a question of how they're interacting with the rest of the ecosystem.
Generally it's accepted that there is a lot more involved in balancing an ecosystem. But some still believe carnivores are somewhat special in their top-down effects on the ecosystem she says.
Wolves generate a lot of emotion as well as attention because they've become a bell-weather for the fate of wilderness.
What's most at risk as we debate the role of wolves in the ecosystem seems to be our hope for a really straightforward story that explains
In other words wolves are vital for the proper function of the ecosystem as we know it (something that has been shown over and over again
This is what we would expect to see happening with climate change one ecosystem replacing another said Gruner who co-leads an interdisciplinary research project on mangrove ecosystems along with Ilka C. Feller of the Smithsonian.
One valuable ecosystem replaces another--at what cost? Some people may say this is a good thing because of the tremendous threats that mangroves face said the study's lead author Kyle Cavanaugh a Smithsonian postdoctoral research fellow.
which have important ecosystem functions and food webs of their own. Mangrove forests grow in calm shallow coastal waters throughout the tropics.
Both provide valuable ecosystem services buffering floods storing atmospheric carbon and building soils. Both are in decline nationally and globally.
whether the change will affect coastal ecosystems'ability to store carbon; and whether juvenile fish and commercially valuable shellfish will remain abundant in the changing plant communities.
Academy scientist Brian Fisher an entomologist who specializes in the study of ants calls them the glue that holds ecosystems together.
Ants are one of the most important members of ecosystems says Fisher. They turn over more soil than earthworms.
and support ecosystem services that is services that the environment provides which benefit humans. The areas also had to have low land value
and the impact on the ecosystem Flower said. In this study the researchers wanted to see
or recreational needs and uses and cost-effective natural resource management to maintain the health of the ecosystem said John J. Mack chief conservation and education officer.
what's best for land ecosystems is also best for coastal corals. The study appears in the online edition of Marine Policy.
but also how much they benefit coral reef ecosystems said lead author Dr. Carissa Klein. Thinking about the connections between the land and sea is done rarely
Most managers realize how downstream ecosystems such as coral reefs can be affected negatively by land-based activities that cause increases in runoff and associated sediments nutrients and chemicals.
and link land to sea conservation helps to ensure the long term security of their globally important coral reef ecosystems while supporting the livelihoods and resilience of coastal communities.
Agencies are likely to require extensive studies of gene flow and their effects on forest ecosystems
and where it lives according to a new study that offers the most detailed portrait to date of livestock ecosystems in different parts of the world.
so we can get a fuller picture of how livestock in all these different regions interact with their ecosystems and
The ISI-MIP team describe how adverse climate change impacts like flood hazard drought water scarcity agriculture ecosystems
By critical nitrogen loads we refer to nitrogen deposition known to have harmful effects on the functions of more sensitive organisms in the ecosystem.
since northern forest ecosystems are highly sensitive to the effects of excess nitrogen. Such areas in Finland include nutrient-poor
and Kansas where farmers can't pump enough water to meet the demands of their crops said Bruno Basso co-author and MSU ecosystem scientist.
The research was conducted on the Smithsonian's 700-hectare Panama canal Watershed Experiment a long-term research site designed to quantify ecosystem services provided by different land uses.
According to Brondizio Xavante practices offer invaluable lessons regarding ecosystems and conservation. The Xavante show us how to maintain
and Ecosystem Services group in its research carried out on the pine plantations of Bizkaia.
as a result of the fall in the profitability of the plantations of exotic rapid-growth species says Ibone Ametzaga member of the UPV/EHU's Landscape Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services group.
when developing the International Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Programme in Bizkaia. This programme involves assessing the services provided by ecosystems.
The benefits that human beings obtain from ecosystems are known as services. Besides their value in terms of leisure landscape and education forests provide food
and timber fix the carbon and thus collaborate in the regulation of global climate systems;
Ecological succession is the natural evolution that takes place in an ecosystem and is driven by the competition
and herbicides relatively little is known about the effects of fungicides on ecosystems. Initial studies indicate though that they may possibly have a strong effect on amphibians such as frogs.
in order to secure boreal biodiversity and ecosystem services and adaptation to climate change. These jointly created recommendations concern the northern areas of Finland Sweden Norway and Northwest Russia.
in order to bring a halt to the destruction of species and ecosystems in line with goals of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.
and it would be almost impossible to remove it from the ecosystem. The consequences for the native fauna and flora are
Such a scenario could involve including snow cover/albedo in existing greenhouse gas exchanges like the Kyoto protocol or a cap-and-trade program or ecosystem services market in
Previous studies have put a price on many ecosystem services --or services that nature provides to humans that have both economic and biological value such as drinking water
and other ecosystem services so they recommend forest managers take those factors into account as they try to maximize the flow of timber carbon storage and albedo in mid-and high-latitude temperate and boreal forests.
As well as being productive aboveground Miscanthus was shown in Illinois to accumulate more roots over a period of five years than fallow land or even a native prairie ecosystem.
The scientific community can make an important contribution to conservation in deserts by establishing baseline information on biodiversity and developing new approaches to sustainable management of desert species and ecosystems.
and carbon cycles through the atmosphere and land-based ecosystems but exactly how it does this vital job is understood poorly.
and bacteria be sequenced to inform research on perennial plant growth ecosystem function and plant microbe interactions.
which are probably responsible for its large appetite for phosphorus said Francis Martin one of the senior authors on the paper and lead for the Cluster of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems (ARBRE
forest one of the world's most biodiverse ecosystems and a key indicator of global climate change.
Invasive plants are more likely to be replaced by other invasivesamong the most impressive ecological findings of the past 25 years is the ability of invasive plants to radically change ecosystem function.
whether ecosystem impacts of invasions persist over time and what that means for plant communities and ecosystem restoration.
Nonnative plants can have very large impacts on ecosystem functioning--including altering groundwater soil salinity
or ph and pollination syndromes said lead author Yelenik who earned her doctorate from UCSB's Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and now works for the U s. Geological Survey's Pacific Island Ecosystems
While the study demonstrates that ecosystem impacts and feedbacks shift over time it also indicates that this may not necessarily help native species'recovery.
Yelenik and D'Antonio conducted a large outplanting experiment to test how a suite of native and exotic woody species responded to shifting ecosystem impacts.
This indicates that the changing impacts of the grass over time do not alter the seedlings'ability to grow in the ecosystem.
and why invasions alter ecosystems is insightful for predicting what will happen but without further management we may not get native species back Yelenik said.
and getting patchy that may be the time to plant native species. It might turn out to be the most cost-effective way to get an ecosystem back to a more desirable state.
The review The consequences of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services by scientists from the universities of Southampton Cambridge Oxford and St andrews is published today (15 november) in the journal Science.
Trees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem*services in addition to timber food and other provisioning services such as carbon sequester
and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. The term pest and disease was used to describe all pathogens
and small-to medium-size insect herbivores that--by causing tree damage and death--disrupt the ecosystem services provided by trees.
*An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air water and mineral soil) interacting as a system.
Losses or gains in forest cover shape many important aspects of an ecosystem including climate regulation carbon storage biodiversity
In many ecosystem models plants reach this limit too soon increasing the water stress that plants are predicted to feel during the dry season.
Instead we found that most of the valley bottoms at the time of European contact were dominated by wetland ecosystems with numerous small stable'anastomosing'streams.
and Pantanal ecosystems both for their cultural and natural heritage said Dr. Julie Kunen Director of WCS's Latin america and the Caribbean Program and an expert on Mayan archeology.
animal and plant communities change ecosystem functions disappear carbon emissions contribute to climate change. Whatever happens regionally has global consequences.
All five cat species mentioned are charismatic and important components of the forest ecosystems and predators of a wide range of other animals.
but also contributed to global warming and the pollution of aquifers rivers lakes and coastal ecosystems.
Replacing the fertility-sustaining processes in the soil with a dependence on external inputs has made also the soil ecosystem and humans vulnerable to interruptions in the supply of those inputs for instance due to price shocks.
and environmental security we need an agricultural soil ecosystem that more closely approximates the close and efficient cycling in natural ecosystems
Today only remnants of the tallgrass prairie remain covering just a few percent of the ecosystem's original range.
when it was still an intact ecosystem the researchers built a model based on climate information and the data from the samples.
and data from the few remaining snippets of this vanishing ecosystem said Katherine Pollard an investigator at the Gladstone Institutes in San francisco
Advantage for shrubs and new tree speciesthere may be consequences for the forest ecosystem. After mild winters the native species run a higher risk of developing their leaves too late.
critters that control an ecosystem and have a disproportionate impact on other species. And in the forests of New england
and reshaping local ecosystems. And in the forests of New england what are the invasive species?
He and Gorres know the worms are upsetting forest ecosystems --and they also think the worms have a role to play in global climate change.
and become an entirely unreliable source of information about ecosystem health. Gary Wellborn professor of biology in the OU College of Arts and Sciences and director of the Oklahoma Biological Station;
of these ecosystems said WCS conservationist Edward Okot Omoya the lead author of the study.
Their loss would permanently alter two of Africa's great ecosystems. The crisis in lion conservation in Uganda reflects the status of the species across Africa where lion populations have dropped by 30 percent over the past two decades as a result of illegal killing and the loss of both habitat and prey.
and a poor ecosystem called a dead zone. The dead zone in the Gulf of mexico where the Mississippi meets the ocean has received much attention in the last decade and led to the creation of the Mississippi river/Gulf of mexico Watershed Nutrient Task force.
#A functional forest ecosystem is more than just treesin 2011 the University of Jyvã¤skylã¤held an academic conference on the ecological restoration of forests.
The main message of the researchers is that a functioning forest ecosystem is much more than just trees.
A natural forest ecosystem consists of a huge amount of different species and functions. For example species dependent on old trees decayed wood
Nitrate contamination of aquatic ecosystems can be reduced by farmers following the 4rs of nutrient stewardship:
In 1996 Nepal added a buffer zone next to the park to both improve the area's ecosystem
and ecosystem services in the Amazon it also notes that almost none of the 227 hyperdominant species are consistently common across the Amazon.
Researchers based at Princeton university found that land ecosystems have kept the planet cooler by absorbing billions of tons of carbon especially during the past 60 years.
Had Earth's terrestrial ecosystems remained a carbon source they would have generated instead 65 billion to 82 billion tons of carbon
The study is the most comprehensive look at the historical role of terrestrial ecosystems in controlling atmospheric carbon explained first author Elena Shevliakova a senior climate modeler in Princeton's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
and climate interacted with vegetation soil and marine ecosystems between 1861 and 2005. The GFDL model predicted changes in climate and in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide based on fossil fuel emissions of carbon.
and exchange in regional ecosystems than is recognized typically by global carbon models according to a new paper authored by researchers at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (F&es).
emissions for the same region according to the paper published in the journal Ecosystems. While models typically take into account how plants
or transport of carbon within an ecosystem says Oswald Schmitz the Oastler Professor of Population
which eventually led to about 80 percent of the ecosystem to burn annually releasing carbon from the plants
or mediate ecosystem processes that then can have these ramifying effects. We hope this article will inspire scientists
when thinking of local and regional carbon budgets said Peter Raymond a professor of ecosystem ecology at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies.
Tree-killing insects and plant diseases are natural elements of healthy forest ecosystems but climate change is rapidly altering the distribution and magnitude of forest pestilence and altering biodiversity and the ecosystem.
For example pine bark beetles have killed recently trees over more area of U s. forests than wildfires including in areas with little previous experience managing aggressive pests.
Nitrogen that finds its way into natural ecosystems can disrupt the cycling of nutrients in soil promote algal overgrowth
In Eastern temperate forests like those in Great smoky mountains national park the most sensitive elements of the ecosystem are the hardwood trees
When you try to write regulations to protect ecosystems however the damage is much harder to quantify says Jacob.
The Everglades at the southern tip of Florida--the remains of what was once a vast ecosystem--is interconnected with a large hydrologic system that really begins in Orlando with the northern Everglades says Patrick Bohlen a professor of biology at University of Central Florida.
To further investigate how bats fit into this picture the researchers surveyed more than 250 bats in remote forest ecosystems in Liberia Guinea and Cote d'ivoire in Western Africa.
Older forests contain surprises for climate science and ecosystem biology. We need to distinguish past disturbances from today's conditions.
Once invasive plants become established they can alter soil chemistry and shift nutrient cycling in an ecosystem.
Bioavailable nitrogen is frequently limiting in soils yet many invaded ecosystems have more carbon and nitrogen in plant tissues and soils compared with systems dominated by native plants.
Studying disruptions to ecosystems like those seen in plant invasions provides a window into something--specifically the process of co-evolution--that we normally don't get to observe in a single human lifetime.
and changing the ecosystem in the process. By acquiring soil bacteria S. halepense increases the bioavailable nitrogen
and ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling are connected more intimately to micro-scale influences than we might expect summarizes Rout Rout's fascination with bacterial endophytes continues;
and ecosystem researchever wonder what plants do when you're not around? How about an entire forest or grassland?
Additionally it will be useful in a number of other disciplines including geology archaeology biodiversity glaciology and rangeland ecosystem research.
and can be indicative of pesticide damage throughout the ecosystem. Caiman and other aquatic species have been exposed to pesticides from upstream banana plantations even in remote areas of a national wilderness area concluded Grant.
however their erosion of aquatic ecosystems highlights the need for a developed regulatory infrastructure and adequate enforcement.
But the study found that the make-up of the plant community could also play a key role in controlling greenhouse gas emissions from these carbon rich ecosystems as not all vegetation types respond in the same way to warming.
when heather was present warming increased the amount of CO2 taken up from the atmosphere making the ecosystem a greater sink for this greenhouse gas.
In other words the diversity and make-up of the vegetation which can be altered by the way the land is farmed can completely change the sink strength of the ecosystem for carbon dioxide.
By taking gas samples every month of the year we were able to show that the types of plants growing in these ecosystems can modify the effects of increase in temperature.
Through carbon credit sales from avoided deforestation the Makira REDD+Project will finance the long-term conservation of one of Madagascar's most pristine remaining rainforest ecosystems harboring rare and threatened plants and animals
This study is the first field data to be published from the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems Project in Sabah Malaysia--a new landscape experiment
But they will have harmful effects such as degrading ecosystems and causing food supply problems if other benefits and disbenefits from revegetating agricultural landscapes are taken not also into account in land-use decisions according to an article published in the October issue of Bioscience.
since to Washington University in St louis describe this miniature ecosystem and its players in the Sept. 13 2013 online edition of Nature Communications Our results suggest that successful farming is a complex evolutionary adaptation
#An unprecedented threat to Perus cloud forestsperu's cloud forests are some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world.
and therefore hardest to study ecosystems in the world. To date scientists only believe a fraction of cloud forest tree
Intervention is a strategy conservationists seldom use in this ecosystem but it may be the only way to save it he says.
and goats is the primary cause of degraded land in the Mongolian Steppe one of the largest remaining grassland ecosystems in the world Oregon State university researchers say in a new report.
and 70 percent of the grassland ecosystem is considered now degraded. The findings were published in Global Change Biology.
The problem poses serious threats to this ecosystem researchers say including soil and water loss but it may contribute to global climate change as well.
Globally however all ecosystems have a distinct function in world climate he said. Vegetation cools the landscape
and establishing plans for conservation and ecosystem restoration. The study appearing today in PLOS Biology describes a significant challenge for the project which is expected to produce an initial draft tree by the end of the year.
The other level of significance is that environmental legislation can have a tremendous impact on an entire ecosystem.
When it did we saw an entire ecosystem recover from years of acidic pollution. Another interesting finding from the tree ring analysis:
It's kind of interesting that those two very important periods in our history match up perfectly in terms of the responses seen throughout this whole forest ecosystem Nippert said.
and ecosystem health has moved now to wheat. Considered a new disease wheat blast is sharply reducing wheat yields in Brazil.
#Woodland salamanders indicators of forest ecosystem recoverywoodland salamanders are a viable indicator of forest ecosystem recovery according to researchers from the U s. Forest Service's Pacific Southwest Research Station.
when woodland salamanders are found in high abundance it indicates a healthy forest having undergone ecological advancement and ecosystem recovery.
There have been concerns about using indicator species as metrics of ecosystem conditions; however amphibians are increasingly becoming accepted as researchers verify their applicability and usefulness.
Old-growth forests sequester carbon pollution and support the world's most diverse ecosystems. Mill Creek is an old-growth forest located in Del Norte Calif. in a geographically limited coastal redwood forest bioregion
New technologies are making plant-microbe ecosystems easier to study and investment in this area of research could have dramatic benefits says Marilynn Roossinck Pennsylvania State university who helped organize the colloquium.
#New technique for measuring tree growth cuts down on research timetree growth is measured to understand tree health fluxes in carbon sequestration and other forest ecosystem functions.
Baldcypress swamps are an ecosystem that once spread across the southeastern and eastern United states. They are currently being restored in some areas of the Gulf Coastal plain after years of degradation from agriculture saltwater intrusion and pests like the tent caterpillar.
The swamps provide vital ecosystem functions like carbon storage and water purification. We wanted to be able to look at how baldcypress trees respond to changes in their environment such as differences in temperature water salinity
and aquatic ecosystems a University of Maryland-led study has found. In the first survey of its kind researchers looked at long-term records of alkalinity trends in 97 streams and rivers from Florida to New hampshire.
which is I think increasingly worrisome said Likens a Unversity of Connecticut distinguished research professor and founding director of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies.
The research was funded by NASA Carbon cycle & Ecosystems the National Science Foundation's Long term Ecological Research Program and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
and their capacity for ingesting large numbers of fruits we consider it likely that crocodilians function as significant seed dispersal agents in many freshwater ecosystems.
and leaves but their ecosystem should also be able to process other agricultural byproducts and forestry waste.
The team managed to get 1. 88 grams of isobutanol per liter of fluid in the ecosystem the highest concentration reported to date for turning tough plant materials into biofuels.
#Do herbicides alter ecosystems around the world? Scant research makes it hard to provethe number of humans on the planet has doubled almost in the past 50 years
Can the biochemical effects of pesticides upset entire ecosystems? Professor Heinz KÃ hler and Professor Rita Triebskorn from the University of TÃ bingen's Institute of Evolution and Ecology (Eve) have published a study on the link between pesticides and changing ecological systems
and ecosystems changing because of pesticides there are few studies proving the connection without a doubt KÃ hler
and ecological changes in biological communities and ecosystems in regions where intensive farming is practiced. An important role is played by number of rare studies combining experimental fieldwork and research on sections of ecosystems as well as a broad selection of chemical and biological analyses.
An interdisciplinary approach can plausibly demonstrate connections between the effects of chemicals in humans and animals and the often indirect consequences on the population community and ecosystem levels.
KÃ hler and Triebskorn also postulate interdependent effects between pesticides and global warming. The researchers forecast changes to natural selection the spread of infections and the sexual development and fertility of wild animals.
This in turn could have a knock-on effect on populations ecosystems and food chains. The researchers say it is a further challenge for science to show how strongly the effects of pesticides are influenced by climate change
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