| Ecologist (403) |  |
| Ecosystem (1291) | |
Saving kelp forests and our climatethe kelp forests fringing the North Pacific coast are one of the richest marine ecosystems On earth.
New technologies for treating wastewater for example, look less like industrial treatment plants and more like ecosystems;
and nourishes the ecosystems that we depend upon. Yet through waste and mismanagement, careless pollution, and ever-surging demand, humankind is careening toward a day
when discharged, can harm aquatic ecosystems. Advances in this technology have moved from an energy-hungry distillation process to a reverse osmosis process (essentially,
infrastructure and engineered ecosystems. Many types of industry and energy production oe including hydropower mineral extraction and mining or fuel production oe rely on vast quantities of water.
assess and understand the performance and resilience of these ecosystems. The Milliontreesnyc Initiative, for instance, is designed a experiment Â,
ecosystems that were fragmented in favour of farmland could be allowed to regain most of their ecological functions,
and it's that cities could offer the biggest hope for the survival of other species and ecosystems in the Anthropocene.
There is already a new field of urban ecology for scientists who study the city and biophysical interactions within it, in a similar way to traditional ecosystem research.
are interacting to produce unique ecosystems that exist nowhere else. Seagulls, for example, now often live in cities hundreds of kilometres from the coast.
but in the production of synthetic ecosystems, which improve the quality of our lives. For more in our Building Tomorrow series, click here.
It's an ecosystem that needs to be built. Â Hedging harveststhat ecosystem, at least in Kenya, is slowly starting to develop.
Several innovations like Farm Shop are improving the lives and income of Africa's struggling smallholder farmers,
Instead of battling to return ecosystems to a pre-human state, as previous efforts have tried to do,
and recognise that humans are an integral part of many ecosystems now. In many cases they argue,
we should accept ecosystems that incorporate nonnative species, value them and try to conserve them as"novel ecosystems  that are worth protecting.
Tipping point From Hawaii to the Galapagos, conservationists are beginning to accept and implement this new approach-embracing introduced species,
efforts are already being made to restore native ecosystems, or in some cases plant nonnative trees and grasses,
or introduce animals to restore the functions that the pre-human ecosystem once provided oe such as reducing soil erosion,
Instead, in our human world, we must decide what type of ecosystems we would collectively like,
oil and coal that is destroying ecosystems and producing a deluge of toxin and plastics waste that will take centuries to degrade.
Climate change, ecosystem services degradation and limitations on natural resources threaten the lives of millions. So what's the answer?
and ecosystems around the world are suffering from the decline in supply. Our problem is that 97%of our planet's water is salty ocean.
Putting in gated spillways makes for a more regular flow that is less damaging to ecosystems, for example,
where nitrates and other pollutants are greater than anything our ecosystems have evolved to function in,
By living more efficiently in larger populations, we free up rural land for ecosystem services or agriculture.
as well as the vital ecosystem services humans rely on from food to water management. Because tigers are a top predator,
Ultimately, the reason for conserving tigers may be less to do with their ecosystem or tourist economy benefits,
for example oe it is doubtful we could replace as cheaply the many ecosystem functions that soils provide, from water management to pollution, remediation to supporting structures,
If we want to preserve the few remaining forests and other diverse ecosystems around the world,
and provide ecosystem services. The practice is gaining popularity in Brazil and across The americas but getting the world's poorest farmers to adopt it will take time, partly because of the prohibitive cost of equipment.
with ripple impacts on other aspects of the ecosystem and an ecological significance that goes far beyond these species. The study was done by scientists from Oregon State university and the University of Washington,
and the Environment. oefor too long weve looked at ecosystem functions on land and in the oceans as if they were said completely separate
William Ripple, a professor in the Department of Forest Ecosystems at Society at OSU, and an international expert in the study of large predators such as wolves and cougars. oewere now finding that there are many more similarities between marine and terrestrial ecosystems than weve realized,
Ripple said. oewe need to better understand these commonalities, and from them learn how interactions on land may be a predictor of what we will see in the oceans,
A more frequent information exchange between terrestrial and marine ecologists could provide additional insights into ecosystem function
the element at the heart of global climate woes, is steadily eroding as the worlds farmers expand croplands at the expense of native ecosystem such as forests.
plants and their carbon-rich detritus in the soil is becoming more pronounced as more and more of the worlds natural ecosystems succumb to the plow.
we have to clear carbon-rich ecosystems to create tropical croplands, and unfortunately they often have lower yields than temperate systems,
protecting trees and having a major impact on the properties of the ecosystems in which they live.
and brought to Lafarge Ecosystems sanctuary in Kenya. The frightened hippo ran right over to the surprised tortoise
which the government should support given the damage forest fires do to our ecosystems, he said.
and entrepreneurs who are attacking the payment ecosystem, seeking out ways small and large to tear down the stronghold the banks
or anyone outside the Paypal ecosystem a friction-free shadow economy in its own right. All of these advantages meant that Paypal could charge lower transaction fees than traditional credit card companies.
and entrepreneurs who are attacking the payment ecosystem, seeking out ways small and large to tear down the stronghold the banks
but to remove the aerosol particulate pollution to protect human and ecosystem health. That means well need to work even harder to reduce greenhouse gases and warming pollutants.
The study offers a rare look at how an ecosystem is responding to climate change. For more than 20 years forest ecologist Geoffrey Parker has tracked the growth of 55 stands of mixed hardwood forest plots in Maryland.
Ecosystem responses are one of the major uncertainties in predicting the effects of climate change. Parker thinks there is every reason to believe his study sites are representative of the Eastern deciduous forest,
the regional ecosystem that surrounds many of the population centers on the East Coast. He and Mcmahon hope other forest ecologists will examine data from their own tree censuses to help determine how widespread the phenomenon is.
but eventually mobile payments will create an entirely new data-driven ecosystem of rewards, purchase history, daily-deals and more.
These Antarctic ecosystems were adapted to the long months of winter darkness that occur at the poles,
These Antarctic ecosystems were adapted to the long months of winter darkness that occur at the poles,
they need to live in an ecosystem, so to speak, that makes it possible. As soon as you take culture, belonging
and schools will be locked into Apple s ecosystem. It s an ecosystem so expensive that it will only help the privileged few.
The cost of ipads, digital textbooks, and the infrastructure to support them will prevent most schools from offering this technology to their students,
and salad greens Growup s Kickstarter-funded aquaponic farm is a circular ecosystem with 150 fish, all self-contained in a box.
Linden Lab envisioned an entire ecosystem of user-generated content. Yet many VCS refused to fund it because,
In doing so, ecosystems that were fragmented in favour of farmland could be allowed to regain most of their ecological functions,
When we talk about commercializing Willow a big part of our development activity is enabling the ecosystem to handle
The ecosystem needs to be trained to handle it. He sees demand, particularly from video gamers, for Willow-based curved screens,
To restore diminished ecosystems. To advance the science of preventing extinctions. To be sure, humans have played a role in the extinction of many species,
an ecosystem scientist working in Africa when he recommended the slaughter of 40,000 elephants to help prevent desertification,
Ecosystems that do not rely on matter exchange outside the system. Such closed ecosystems would theoretically transform waste products into oxygen,
food and water in order to support life-forms inhabiting the system. Such systems already exist in small scales,
which facilitates a drastic shortage and untold damage of aquatic ecosystems. The document stated: In the short span of one or two generations, the majority of the nine billion people On earth will be living under the handicap of severe pressure on fresh water.
and the pressure on fragile ecosystems and traditional societies hopes that its international year designation will heighten public awareness of the nutritional economic environmental and cultural properties of quinoa for its indigenous growers as stated in the Resolution
or not preparing more food than they'll need for a given meal said Craig Hanson director of the People & Ecosystems Program at WRI.
if one goes extinct leading to a less productive ecosystem which ultimately provides fewer benefits for humans. 2. Preserve the rainforests Rainforests are vital reservoirs of plants animals and microbes.
Ocean ecosystems depend upon these predators to keep the web of life balanced. 7. Consume less This one is pretty simple:
but with the least amount of impact on the world's ecosystems Gepts said. 4. What's the reality behind fears of genetically modified food?
. But after pushing out native ant species in local ecosystems across the country the little conquerers may have met finally their match.
but their spread could have negative consequences for local ecosystems especially if they push out native ant populations that play a crucial role in dispersing plant seeds.
The carbon cycle While these findings have important implications for global carbon models they also shed light on the ecology of the Amazon as well as other river ecosystems.
which all terrestrial ecosystems today depend including the existence of humanity. Flowering plants or angiosperms became the dominant plants about 90 million years ago
No-till farming means that instead of plowing-under that rich soil ecosystem every planting season Brown plants directly onto the stubble of last year's crops.
if it causes negative impacts on the long-term sustainability of the global ecosystem. China's implementation of an ivory-product identification system represents a political determination to discourage the expansion of the ivory-carving business a wise policy decision.
But the trend seems to transcend regional conditions ecosystem variations and fire-management practices suggesting that larger climatic factors are at play.
Despite the broad regional trend the strategies for fighting wildfires will likely be different in each ecosystem.
#Cocoa Frog Among New Species Discovered in'Pristine'Ecosystem A chocolate-covered frog and one of the tiniest dung beetles ever found are among the new species discovered during a survey of
Dung beetles play critical ecological roles that help support healthy ecosystems Trond Larsen the director of the Rapid Assessment Program said in a statement.
An important ecosystem Southeastern Suriname is important above and beyond its role as a biodiversity hotspot the scientists found.
They are providing a lot of meat to their community they are truly a keystone species Elbroch said referring to a species that provides multiple irreplaceable services that keep an ecosystem productive.
and the ecosystems communities and businesses that depend on them. But here's the good news. Earth's accessible fresh water all 22312 cubic miles (93000 cubic kilometers) of it is infinitely renewable.
Farmers expected to pay for the ecosystem services provided by cover crops and were willing to pay median costs of $25 an acre to purchase seeds and $15 an acre for cover-crop establishment (aerial distribution of seed and the eventual killing of the plants at the end of the growing season).
and spread them through their droppings over many miles making the animals crucial to the forest ecosystem.
Effects of deforestation Forests are complex ecosystems that are important to the carbon and water cycles that sustain life on earth.
In the Amazon more than half the water in the ecosystem is held within the plants. Without the plants the climate may become dryer.
Biodiversity can refer to variability of life within a species'gene pool an ecosystem and on a much larger scale the entire planet.
which is considered a signature of a healthy ecosystem. Follow Megan Gannon on Twitter and Google+.
Second only to the Serengeti the steppes of Kazakhstan are a migration hotspot where expansive ecosystems have remained largely intact into the present day.
Frequent prescribed burns combined with the rising numbers of human-sparked conflagrations weakens the ecosystem.
We're accelerating the environmental destruction of California's most characteristic ecosystem Halsey told Ouramazingplanet.
There was this mindset that this beautiful ecosystem is unnatural and we need to burn it up
Plus jays are part of the natural ecosystem said Richard Golightly a biologist at Humboldt State university in California.
The findings published today (Dec 30) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggest that climate change could alter ecosystems even more dramatically in the years to come.
#Forests Recover Quickly After Bark beetles Attack SAN FRANCISCO A forest ravaged by the red hand of death also known as a bark beetle attack recovers quickly with little ecosystem damage scientists said here today (Dec 9) at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
what the ecosystem itself is doing Ewer said. Email Becky Oskin or follow her@beckyoskin. Follow us@livescience Facebook & Google+.
The new recommendations to delist come to the USFWS from the Yellowstone Ecosystem Subcommittee of the Interagency Grizzly bear Committee.
Instead they are an important part of the ecosystem America has nursed successfully back from the brink.
and is devastating forest ecosystems and the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. Illegal logging degrades vital habitat for Amur tigers and their prey.
Those tortoises kept Madagascar's unique ecosystem in check by munching on low-lying foliage trampling vegetation and dispersing large seeds from native trees like the baobab.
With their demise the composition of Madagascar's ecosystems changed shrubs and vegetation clogged the forest floor
and genetically it's likely they'll fill the same roles in the Madagascan ecosystem Pedrono said.
and protect the services provided by native ecosystems. Genetics holds the potential to benefit native systems that range from prairies to pine forests and coral reefs.
when knowledge and technology can be used to ensure the survival of whole ecosystems and the people who depend upon them.
While native ecosystems are being challenged as never before the use of genetics offers new solutions that hold great promise.
#Light in Cloud Forests Can Outshine a Sunny Day In mist-enshrouded cloud forests the ecosystem can differ dramatically from those nearby.
Life Up in the Clouds Ethereal places Anyone who has been on a mountain hike has seen how the misty mountaintop ecosystem can be a world away from one just a few hours'hike below.
While an individual leaf may see less light the forest on average as an ecosystem sees quite a bit Reinhardt said.
and so tended to be more drought-resistant than similar trees in other ecosystems. Â These trees might not be designed for
The study's leader Sassan Saatchi of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. said that more frequent droughts due to climate change could drag on rainforest ecosystems and the carbon cycle in the long run.
This may alter the structure and function of Amazonian rainforest ecosystems. The 2005 drought affected a much bigger area than scientists had estimated previously Saatchi's team found through satellite observations.
and the ecosystem can support a lower population density of them since they need more resources including space to survive.
While roads cover only a tiny fraction of the total land surface of South america's largest nation their effect on local ecosystems particularly rain forests may be huge.
The effects that roads have on local ecosystems extend far beyond the locations of the roads themselves.
and connected ecosystems can continue to thrive despite the intrusion of human infrastructure. But road construction is just one of many factors leading to the continued deforestation of the world's largest rain forest.
#New US Natural Landmarks Relics of America's Past The National park service has designated two new national natural landmarks that stand as relics of ecosystems that were once widespread in the United states. The two new
and Pantanal ecosystems both for their cultural and natural heritage Julie Kunen director of WCS's Latin america and the Caribbean program said in a statement.
but stressed that he hopes the new plan will also recognize the importance of preserving natural ecosystems.
and coastal ecosystems that buffer the shores he explained. We need to take action to protect these natural ecosystems.
 Overall Lowenstein is optimistic that the president's plan will lead to real action to combat climate change.
and soil moisture constrains a lot of ecosystem processes Yang Zheng UAVSAR operational processing lead told Ouramazingplanet during a UAVSAR demo at NASA's Dryden Flight Research center in January.
and soil moisture constrains a lot of ecosystem processes Yang Zheng UAVSAR operational processing lead told Ouramazingplanet during a UAVSAR demo at NASA's Dryden Flight Research center in January.
and colonized different ecosystems. For decades diatoms resisted study. Their genome is notoriously difficult to analyze.
but has changed already the way the U s. Forest Service monitors ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest according to the NASA statement.
when there are problems in Earth's ecosystems from harmful toxins to the drivers of habitat loss for birds or their response to climate change.
The meetings provided an opportunity for countries to present the zero drafts of their National Snow leopard Ecosystem Protection Priorities
The new study detailed in the July 22 issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences is part of decades-long research seeking to understand how ecosystems have changed in the past Kelly told Livescience adding that this information will help scientists predict what may happen in the future.
and colonizing new ecosystems. Diatoms fashion spores to ride out inhospitable changes in their environment Two years ago Danish researchers revived 100-year-old resting spores from muck in a local fjord.
But just one kick with your boots and you can dislodge an entire ecosystem and send it crashing down to the ground.
Herbivores like deer interact with the ecosystem in two ways. One is by eating plants
and other ecosystem changes that reduced their numbers to 1 percent of pre-settlement populations in some parts of Michigan Murray said.
And if climate change causes temperatures to rise in forests as we expect we may see scale insects becoming a much bigger problem for ecosystem health.
if the time of day affects trees'carbon-dioxide consumption it would alter models of how climate change will affect ecosystems.
which may provide tree cover but without the original ecosystems. The team also plans to continue to update the map annually
With climate change rapidly altering human ecosystems around the globe Newtok may not be alone in its fight against warming temperatures melting ice and rising seas.
and nations have failed to address the myriad challenges of climate change scientists say Earth's fragile ecosystem could be in serious jeopardy.
One solution would be to design cities to function more like miniature ecosystems. Examples of this would include more urban farming producing food in the same area that is consumed
The world's facing a great balancing act said Craig Hanson director of the People & Ecosystems Program at WRI.
Adding to the complexity is the fact that fires are a natural part of many forest ecosystems.
and the valuable ecosystem services they provide and we rely on. The scientists also shared their serious reservations about the accounting methodology that EPA proposed in its draft framework
But the snakes have wreaked havoc on the ecosystem of Guam decimating the island's native bird population.
Conversely severe fires in ecosystems that have natural adaptations to intense burns should not be labeled catastrophes at least not in ecological terms.
Future fire regimes will present many new situations that will range only from bad to worse there is not a bright side to climate change in terms of conservation of native ecosystems.
As we learn more about the cascading effects they have on ecosystems the issue may be more than having just enough individual wolves
and shrub recovery and restore ecosystem health. Wolves were removed first from Yellowstone national park in the 1920s after
when they are trying to gain weight as rapidly as possible before winter hibernation said study co-author William Ripple a forest ecosystems researcher at Oregon State university in a statement.
What could we learn from these and other interactions about the stability and sustainability of ecosystems?
and is considered part of the park's natural ecosystem. Most anthrax cases seen in Etosha are in zebras;
and ecosystems that are diverse complex and beautiful. We should keep ecological options open by protecting
We have neither the scientific understanding nor the moral authority to reassemble ecosystems. We should respect
The new research paints a different picture of the Arctic thousands of years ago said study co-author Joseph Craine an ecosystem ecologist at Kansas State university.
The ancient ecosystem was detailed today (Feb 5) in the journal Nature. Pretty landscape In the past scientists imagined that the now-vast Arctic tundra was once a brown grassland steppe that teemed with wooly mammoths rhinos and bison.
and they'll eat almost anything they play an important role in the ecosystem they clean up after everything else.
To understand these defences on an ecosystem scale requires the use of metabolomics which is the study of chemical fingerprints left behind by an organism.
Fossils of the shallower coastal waters around the Pangaea continental shelf indicate that reefs were large and diverse ecosystems with numerous sponge
which may have led to the collapse of marine ecosystems. Other scientists point to indications of a massive asteroid impacting the southernmost tip of the C# in
and ecosystem that existed when the sediment was laid down as far back as 6000 years ago.
The very oldest sediments didn't come from a rainforest ecosystem at all. In fact the Bolivian Amazon before about 2000 to 3000 years ago looked more like the savannas of Africa than today's jungle environment.
Protecting rainforest ecosystems and protecting traditional rainforest cultures. Many in the first group overlooked the opportunity to enlist tribal inhabitants of the rainforest its natural guardians as allies.
The stability of the ecosystem tended to unravel during periods of major climate change and sociopolitical turnover the scientists found.
We have to look at ecosystems as a continuum Yeakel said. We can't just look at the modern ecosystem.
We have to look at how it has functioned in the past and how has changed it over time to establish a baseline for how the system will change in future.
And in fact these fires are a bit like seeds in that they are a crucial part of the prairie ecosystem.
but they're actually a complex and diverse ecosystem. About 80 percent of prairie vegetation is grass (40 to 60 species) with the remainder made up of more than 300 species of wildflowers plus trees scrubs and lichens according to Live Science's Our Amazing Planet.
and ecosystems and provide recreational opportunities. But with so many demands on them many of America'
and represents profound historical knowledge of the workings of Bali s agricultural ecosystem including how to deal with crop pests.
Despite its great plant and animal diversity it is one of the least understood ecosystems for its microbial diversity.
This may have major implication on how nutrients are cycled in the new ecosystem. Any changes to the nitrogen cycle are likely to affect the carbon cycle
Also using our results we can start devising new methods to aid the recovery of disturbed ecosystems imagine a cocktail of microbes added for ecosystem restoration.
and the emerald rock cod#o determine what their fate might be and by extension the fate of the larger polar ecosystem.
When it takes over ecosystems this invader causes soils to surrender their carbon and release it as greenhouse gas.
since overrun entire ecosystems destroying native long-needled pine forests woodlots and grasslands alike. In addition to the damage it inflicts by overwhelming other plants kudzu has indirect effects as well.
This means kudzu s impact is not only native ecosystems but agricultural productivity as well. Kudzu s direct and indirect cost to the US economy is estimated to be in excess of US$500M annually.
Instead the findings point to the fact that plant composition in different ecosystems could actually be managed to reinforce carbon retention in the soil
Millipedes return nutrients to the ecosystem and keep dead leaves from piling up in the forest.
Biodiversity offsetting should not just be about protecting ecosystems. The approach should also be fair to local communities not least
The impact winter pushed ecosystems toward plants with faster growing strategies Blonder told Live Science in an email interview.
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