Geology & mineralogy

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Geologist (65)
Geology (56)
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Seismology (12)
Tectonics (37)
Volcanology (9)

Synopsis: Earth sciences: Geology & mineralogy:

Increased interest in urban hydrology and stormwater management shows how badly our engineered landscapes fit into the land where they were built.

Over the past century, humans have been transforming the planet so profoundly that we are pushing it into a new geological era, the Anthropocene (the Age of man.

Occasionally, during Earth's history, shifting tectonic plates have forced land masses together, enabling the separated biodiversity to mix for the first time.

resulting in the loss of many species. Dominant force Humans have been orchestrating tectonic-scale species migrations of their own,

Ten thousand years ago, at the beginning of the Holocene geological epoch, the weight of humans and domesticated animals was just 0. 1%of the total.

and others, discussing our impacts on the planet's biodiversity and geology, in a four-part series called The Age We Made,

But geologists are coming up with alternatives. For example, peridotite, which is a mixture of serpentine

but on geological timescales. To speed up the reaction, scientists are experimenting with dissolving the gas in water first

Some 10,000 years ago, at the beginning of the Holocene geological age, there were only around five million of us on the planet.

The sensors were developed by Elizabeth Cochran of the US Geological Survey and Jesse Lawrence of Stanford university an currently cost between $60 and $200 per sensor, a fraction of the cost of professional seismometers

we delved deep into the ground to extract fossil fuels made over geological timescales. Humans proved so clever and successful that we were able to overcome almost all the environmental limitations that restricted other species to their ecological niches.

because we have become the dominant geological force on our planet. We have changed the composition of the atmosphere oe

for example, are scarring the rocks to leave telltale evidence of our human influence for geologists to discover many thousands of years into the future.

according to Stephen Carpenter, one of the senior authors of the study and a professor at the Center for Limnology at UW-Madison. oethe main news is that agricultural production by clearing land in the tropics releases a lot of greenhouse

which was published online in the journal Geology. oeit was thought that we werent at risk of having another large one any time soon.

The finding adds weight to the view of many seismologists that the San Andreas has been in a quiet period

The U s. Geological Survey was concerned so that it dispatched its own team of investigators to the Carrizo Plain to look over the initial findings

a geophysicist at the U s. Geological Survey. oeand they made it through. They ran the gantlet

The system works by mimicking the natural hydrological cycle where seawater heated by the sun,

In the May-June issue of the journal American Mineralogist, a team of scientists announced the discovery of the new mineral krotite,

Cracked Egg refractory inclusion was sent to Dr. Chi Ma at California Institute of technology (Caltech) for very detailed nano-mineralogy investigation.

The American Mineralogist paper is authored by Chi Ma (Caltech), Anthony R. Kampf (NHM), Harold C. Connolly Jr.

but the ice caps only appeared relatively recently in geological history.##One of her most amazing fossil discoveries to date was made in the Transantarctic Mountains,

But he says the app writing world has experienced tectonic shifts since then. Can someone drop everything

And such increased energy for sure could be at least partially responsible for the catastrophic earth changes we re experiencing with our highly excited sun and its emissions, the huge uptick in tectonic activity

Geology. com). 2.)Being#oeblind as a bat#means not being blind at all. While many use echolocation to navigate,

930,000 Rehabilitation expenses included costs incurred by USFS emergency rehabilitation programs, Denver water, US Geological Survey (USGS) mapping,

That number appears to be fixed, according to UNESCO s Intergovernmental Council of the International Hydrological Program (HIP.

which has evidenced itself in the measureable hydrological cycles of the planet. This obviously unsustainable course is causing the contamination of our fresh water supply.

Why we need plants on Mars The HI-SEAS team selected Mauna loa because they believe the mineralogy of its basaltic

and 25 known volcanic vents and lava flows reevaluated thanks to dogged work by geologists with the U s. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U s. Forest Service.

It's giving us this serendipitous window on the history of climate in Southeast Alaska for the last 1 million years said Susan Karl a research geologist with the USGS in Anchorage and the project's leader.

if the two were related sort of a geologic genetic test. But even though the two volcanoes had erupted at about the same time in the past their chemistry was wildly different.

And what really captured the geologist's attention were signs that the little volcano squeezed out lava that oozed next to glaciers.

We're convinced now there's probably a whole bunch of green knobs out there covered with timber that may be vents that may have never been mapped said James Baichtal a geologist with the U s. Forest Service based in Thorne Bay Alaska and a project leader.

I didn't know they were nearly this extensive said Ben Edwards a volcanologist at Dickinson College in Pennsylvania who is involved not in the project

The tortured history of this corner of North america a legacy of collision between the North america and Pacific tectonic plates created a meshwork of leaky faults and fractures.

That's one of those really great days in geology. You couldn't have written a better script

and count back to see how old the tree was Cathy Connor a geology professor at the University of Alaska Southeast who was involved in the investigation told Livescience's Ouramazingplanet.

or something that started in more recent times said Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand a marine geologist with The british Antarctic Survey.

The results appear in the January 2013 issue of the journal Geology. Hillenbrand and his colleagues also discovered there could have been three

With new discoveries in astrophysics evolutionary biology molecular genetics geology and paleoanthropology a continuous story has emerged starting from the Big bang. This is both a new cosmology that humanity is embedded in and a grand tour of science.

and consciousness turning us into a near-geologic force on the Earth. In the end every hominid species went extinct except one.

#Causes of Global Warming Earth's climate has always been in a state of flux according to data gleaned from the geological record ice core samples and other sources.

The term Cenozoic first spelled Kainozoic was used originally in an 1840 entry in the Penny Cyclopedia encyclopedia in an article written by British geologist John Phillips. The name is derived from the Greek phrase meaning oerecent life.

and the one seen during the past 10000 years of geologic history called the Holocene during

what was clearly a geological climatic and biological event with worldwide consequences. Geologists call it the K-Pg extinction event

because it marks the boundary between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. The event was formally known as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) event but the International Commission on Stratigraphy

There is also evidence of a series of huge volcanic eruptions along the tectonic border between India

A team led by the U s. Geological Survey (USGS) goes through this complicated procedure in the Yellowstone national park area about 70 to 100 times a year.

Hydrological studies in the Rocky mountains involving the tiny mountain pine beetle a species of bark beetle have big implications for water resource management in Colorado and elsewhere.

What we're interested in is trying to understand what the climate might be in relation to a fire event Phil van Mantgem a research ecologist with the U s. Geological Survey who led the research told Livescience.

and includes participation from the U s. Geological Survey the National park service and the U s. Forest Service.

because homes are being put into hazardous conditions said Jon Keeley a fire ecologist with the U s Geological Survey (USGS). The important thing is not to blame it on the fire event

and climate change other scientists including marine geologists at The british Antarctic Survey are investigating whether global warming is thinning Antarctica's ice sheets and speeding up the glacier's retreat.

which is burning toward those groves said Matt Brooks Yosemite Field Station leader for the U s. Geological Survey's Western Research Ecology Center.

Under natural conditions these forests have burned for millions of years with frequent fires said Jon Keeley a fire ecologist with the U s Geological Survey who is based in Sequoia

and lecturer at Yale university who studied the grizzlies for more than a decade as a U s. Geological Survey scientist.

#Hidden Graves Revealed with Geophysics Tools Convicting a murderer can be hard if there's no body

Pringle's colleague will present the work today (May 14) at a geophysics research meeting in Cancã n Mexico.

and glaciers and Earth's water resources from the perspective of Earth's paleoclimate geologist Aaron Putnam of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory said in a talk at the Columbic Club in New york on March 12 He described his recent

These regions are at the bottom of the human development index and the bottom of the hydrological index.

And a return to Pliocene-type conditions may not be too far off in the future said Gifford Miller a professor in the department of geological sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder who conducts research in the Canadian Arctic.

The earthworms eat away at the puffy duff layer blanketing the forest floor where species such as salamanders and ovenbirds live Resner reported Sunday (Oct 27) at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting.

 Mount etna like other Mediterranean volcanoes such as Stromboli and Vesuvius rests on the subduction boundary where the African tectonic plate is being pushed under the Eurasian plate.

At 8 a m. PST on March 27 the U s. Geological Survey issued an official Hazard Watch for Mount st helens;

Volcanologists set up reflective targets between the fissures and used lasers placed on a mountain ridge six miles away to record changes.

'On the morning of May 18 USGS volcanologist David A. Johnston camped on the ridge with his lasers radioed in his regular 7 a m. report.

Today Mount st helens and other volcanoes in the Pacific Northwest are monitored closely by geologists at the David A. Johnston Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver.

and consulting geologist Stewart Redwood in a statement. However there are no gold artifacts in the rock shelter

#New world's Oldest Tomatillo Discovered A fossilized tomatillo still in its papery shell is the earliest fruit from the tomato family ever found in South america researchers reported Oct 30 at the Geological Society of America's annual

As Wisdom rewrites the record books she provides new insights into the remarkable biology of seabirds said Bruce Peterjohn head of the bird banding program at the U s. Geological Survey in the statement.

Paleozoic geology and climate All this evolution took place against the backdrop of shifting continents and a changing climate.

The chemicals include two fungicides never before found in wild frogs said Kelly Smalling lead study author and a U s. Geological Survey (USGS) research hydrologist.

It was used first in 1839 by Sir Charles Lyell a British geologist and lawyer. As a result of Lyell s work the glacial theory gained acceptance between 1839 and 1846

During this period British geologist Edward Forbes aligned the period with other known ice ages. In 2009 the International Union of Geological Sciences established the start of the Pleistocene epoch at 1. 806 million years before the present.

While scientists haven t been able to determine the exact causes of an epoch changes in ocean current composition of the atmosphere changes in the position of the Earth in relation to the sun are believed to be key contributors.

The system then combines the field data with a diversity of public data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration the National aeronautics and space administration and the U s. Geological Survey and private data from companies like Earth Networks.

The other was found by Xuchao Zhao now a scientist at the Institute of Geology

and Geophysics in Beijing China inside a meteorite discovered by the Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition.

Their flesh drops to the lake floor where anaerobic bacteria transforms it into adipocere also known as corpse wax researchers from Kutztown University in Pennsylvania reported here Monday (Oct 28) at the Geological Society of America's annual meeting.

Biological (and geological and hydrological! life continues to happen all around us except now scientists are physically

Dr. Chris Kellogg who studies the microbiomes of deep-sea corals works at the United states Geological Survey (USGS). She's one of about 8500 scientists at the agency

Two geologists in Arizona are also building a low-cost acoustic detector crowd-funded at about $1000 drawn by the age-old allure of communicating with plants.

Starting with a 3-foot-tall potted saguaro Wardell and geophysicist Charlotte Rowe hope to distinguish between cacti drying out

But geologists like Lollar also lick rocks. Tiny sediment grains (too small for the eye to see) can be sorted by your sensitive tongue into silt clay or mud.

A sample of that saliva can also help geologists get a good look at a rock with their hand lens a portable magnifying glass.

More than 600 million cubic meters (20 billion cubic feet) of diatoms from a lake flew into the air Van Eaton reported Sept. 6 in the journal Geology.

The Geology of Yellowstone Van Eaton hopes the discovery will prompt other scientists to search for microscopic life in wet eruptions where magma hit water.

We have been able to show that the largest volcanic eruption of the last two million years did not significantly alter the climate of East Africa said researcher Christine Lane a geologist at the University of Oxford.

This Q&a was adapted from a talk and subsequent interview with Ahmed at the U s. Geological Survey's Western Ecological Research center in Sacramento on Jan 22.

Op-Ed Jake Weltzin is an ecologist with the U s. Geological Surveyand executive director of the USA National Phenology Network.

Next Landsat's operator the U s. Geological Survey altered its policies to make all of the data from Landsat 7 and previous Landsat satellites free.

Species falling out of sync with the season Jake Weltzin an ecologist with the United states Geological Survey

so we have a bit of a contradiction going on Ryberg said here Wednesday (Oct 30) at the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America.

and a research associate at the University of Texas at Austin's Bureau of Economic geology.

Fieldwork has been a major focus of my career as a paleobiologist and geologist. I really like being outdoors in the field and in exotic places and

and deciphering the geology and ancient environments from evidence in piled up layers of rock. Â When my colleague Rick Potts organized a core-drilling project in one of my favorite field areas in southern Kenya Olorgesailie (a local Maasai name pronounced O-lorg-eh-sigh

I have done a lot of outcrop geology over the past several decades.  There are missing parts of the geological record in the strata north of the core site becauseâ geologic faulting   in the basin caused uplift and erosion there.

The eroded sediments had to go somewhere and our team suspects that they were carried by streams into the basin where we drilled the core.

In Montana's Glacier national park where about 150 glaciers were once found only 25 glaciers larger than 25 acres remain according to the U s. Geological Survey.

The plants then likely spread via the movement of Earth's tectonic plates finding their way to what became South america Africa and South Asia.

In the high-elevation canyons along the southern edge of the Colorado Plateau in central Arizona I worked with my colleague Thomas Martin of the U s. Geological Survey to study how more than two decades of changing winter temperatures

and Ohio rivers according to a new study led by the U s. Geological Survey (USGS). Such abnormalities are linked to estrogen-mimicking chemicals

U s. Geological Survey (USGS) biologist Jarred Barr discovered the duckling among a brood of downy avocet chicks on July 2.

Researchers from Mcgill University in Montreal and the Saskatchewan Museum found evidence of one of those blazes among fossilized plants at Grasslands National park in a geologic layer known as the Frenchman Formation (so named

How Plate tectonics Started A cold crusty shell of a planet that regularly kills off its occupants with violent earthquakes

But Earth's grinding plates the source of its deadly tectonics are actually one of the key ingredients that make it only planet with life in the solar system (found so far.

Now a new model seeks to explain why Earth's plate tectonics is unique among the sun's rocky planets.

What goes on in rocks has helped us understand how plate boundaries evolve said David Bercovici a geophysicist at Yale university

Plate tectonics is accepted a widely theory that says the Earth's outer surface or crust in divided into rigid plates.

What is Plate tectonics? There are hints that the plates emerged 4 billion years ago only 500 million years after Earth formed.

But many researchers think the full system of plate tectonics we see today with the entire Earth's surface covered in rigid plates that crash slide

and pressures as well as geologic evidence such as rocks called mylonite brought from deep in the Earth to the surface through movement along faults.

The researchers also compared their Earth plate tectonics model to Venus finding that the surface of Venus was too hot for plate tectonics to develop.

But sea lamprey expert Joseph Zydlewski a U s. Geological Survey researcher and professor at the University of Maine said the risk to people is actually pretty tiny.

See Photos of the World's Cutest Baby Wild Animals I don't know that they actually think of us as whooping cranes said Glenn Olsen a veterinarian at the U s. Geological Survey's (USGS) Patuxent Wildlife Research center in Maryland who said he spends much of May through July

and doesn't appear in the Sierra nevada said Jesse Hahm a geologist at the University of Wyoming

The plutons have been brought to the surface by millions of years of erosion along with uplift from tectonic forces at the boundary between the North american and Pacific plates.

Hahm and his co-authors linked the pluton boundaries to the Sierra's patchy forest cover by comparing satellite forest cover data with geologic maps and collecting hundreds of rock samples.

which widely between plutons In some cases the trees revealed fine-scale pluton boundaries overlooked by earlier geologic mappers Hahm said.

With new discoveries in astrophysics evolutionary biology molecular genetics geology and paleoanthropology a continuous story has emerged starting from the Big bang. Soon after that penultimate origin event

while Homo sapiens continued to evolve technology culture and consciousness turning humans'ancestors into a near-geologic force on the Earth.

and a forest ecologist with the U s. Geological Survey (USGS) in Three Rivers Calif. The results of the survey of 403 tree species around the world suggest that trees never suffer the ill effects of old age.

We d learned from an Antarctic vulcanologist (now there's a sexy job title) that Mount Erebus has surged recently in activity

Uncertainties remain Eric Steig a glacial geologist at the University of Washington who also studies Pine Island Glacier

Stromatolites are part biologic and part geologic comprised of living cyanobacteria bound together with nonliving sediments like silt and sand.

The U s. Geological Survey (USGS) estimates that there were approximately 150 glaciers in the area in 1850 and most of them were still there in 1910

and most likely for much longer possibly centuries said lead study author Joanne Johnson a geologist with The british Antarctic Survey.

which provide the first detailed look at Pine Island Glacier's history of surface thinning offer valuable information about past ice sheet behavior said Claire Todd a glacial geologist at Pacific Lutheran

and its residents according to Rosaly Lopes a volcanologist at NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena Calif. Lopes was not a consultant on the film.)

Geologists mostly think these form due to erosion from wind and water as well as from the weathering effects of salt and frost.

However lead author of the new study Jiå#Ã Bruthans a geologist at Charles University in Prague

when compared to geologic timescales. In just a few human lifetimes the environment can change abruptly

Meanwhile in Antarctica scientists with the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL) stumbled upon something bizarre

The modern leaf grouping was most similar to fossils from forests that grew 58 million years ago Crifã reports in the September 2014 issue of the journal Geology.

Cahokia's location near the confluence of major rivers made it a popular waypoint for some 2000 years according to Munoz's study published April 10 in the journal Geology.

The spikes are a side effect of the geology of the region: Folded surface rocks (shaped by tectonic forces) dip lower than the surrounding land creating long linear valleys filled with pine forests.

From space the pines appear as a darker shade of green than the surrounding agricultural fields according to the Earth Observatory.

See Photos of the 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake The geologic discoveries transformed how we understand the Earth.

In 1964 earth scientists were swept away by the plate tectonic revolution which changed everything we know about how the earth works said Ross Stein a U s. Geological Survey geophysicist.

That insight was triggered by the Great Alaska earthquake 50 years ago. Solving the puzzle In the 1960s geologists thought straight up and down-down (vertical) faults bounded the edge of continents similar to the San andreas fault that slices through California.

In 1965 Frank Press who would become science adviser to four presidents and head of Caltech's Seismological Laboratory said a vertical fault extending from 9 to 125 miles (15 to 200 kilometers) deep caused the Great Alaska earthquake.

His model was published May 15 1965 in the Journal of Geophysical Research. One month later USGS geologist George Plafker proved him wrong.

As a USGS geologist Plafker had studied Alaska's geology each summer since 1953. But he was in Seattle when the 1964 earthquake struck.

After Plafker heard the Space Needle had swayed as the seismic waves raced past he called his boss in Menlo Park Calif. recommending an immediate response.

Plafker's work on the 1964 earthquake solved a key piece of the plate tectonic puzzle:

Before the 1964 earthquake we did not have a unifying theory of how the earth works said Peter Hauessler a USGS research geologist.

Plate tectonics is now a widely accepted model that explains everything from why earthquakes happen to how mountains grow.

But in 1964 geologists believed the Pacific Plate was rotating counterclockwise. In that scenario no new crust was created at underwater volcanic ridges nor was shoved old crust under continents at subduction zones.

The careful geologic mapping led by Plafker in the summer of 1964 would be key to solving the mystery of oceanic plates sliding around Earth's surface Stein said.

But geologists are concerned more about the hazards Alaskans face from more frequent smaller quakes along the Aleutian subduction zone between magnitude 7

and magnitude 8. State seismologist Michael West thinks Alaskans have grown too lax about earthquake hazards.

Since the 1964 earthquake geologists have learned that the speed of earthquake shaking plays an important role in destruction due to liquefaction.

In the new study researchers analyzed the hydrologic topographic climatic and sedimentary features of Mummy Lake and the surrounding cliff area.

See Images of Mummy Lake in Mesa verde The fundamental problem with Mummy Lake is that it's on a ridge said study lead author Larry Benson an emeritus research scientist for the U s. Geological Survey and adjunct curator

and his colleagues first analyzed the topography and hydrology of the ridge using GPS surveys high-resolution imagery and digital elevation models.

Ships today are at risk too said study researcher Martin Jutzeler a volcanologist at the University of Southampton in the United kingdom. Water intakes on ships can become damaged by pumice stalling the engine Jutzeler told Live Science.

Geologists use ash beds from volcanoes to date layers of rock. But there is little understanding of how pumice rafts

and a U s. Geological Survey staff scientist who studies climate change on the Navajo Nation.#

and marine geologist at Macquarie University in Sydney told Live Science. We show that the sailing canoe in its basic form would have been able to make these voyages purely through downwind sailing.

000 hectares, shrinking the total forest cover in Xishuangbanna to less than 50%and that of primary rainforests to 3. 6%1, 2. In Xishuangbanna, hydrological systems have been hardest hit.

says John Burrows, a co-investigator on the OCO project and science director at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Wallingford,

a US Geological Survey land-mapping mission that NASA is procuring, and Glory, a mission due to be launched later this year to studyaerosols

As tectonic plates in the crust move and collide, the crust fractures and these clathrates release gases,

says Susan Kieffer a geologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Sodium isn't the proof of a liquid ocean,

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