The measurements also will help direct the searches for atomic EDMS (electric dipole moments) currently being carried out in North america
Indeed it can be crossed with cultivated olive trees to improve various properties such as the drought-resistance of the latter.
Everyone knows that is a silly idea as it results in bacteria rapidly developing resistance. It is the same with these pesticides.
They tested the frogs'resistance when exposed to chlorpyrifos which is used against insects and Roundup Original MAX
and a postdoctoral researcher in Relyea's lab. Although populations differed in their resistance to Roundup populations closer to fields were not more resistant to the herbicide.
Because chlorpyrifos kills in a way that is similar to many other insecticides higher resistance may have been favored each time any insecticide was sprayed said Pitt alumnus Jenise Brown (A&s'09) a coauthor of the study
They found that wood frog populations with resistance to one insecticide also had resistance to the other insecticides.
As they hypothesized in the study published today the researchers suspect that the reason for this cross-resistance is that chlorpyrifos kills in a way that is similar to many other insecticides.
Thus evolving higher resistance to one insecticide may provide higher resistance to others. This finding may buffer an amphibian population from suffering the consequences of exposures to new
and a graduate student in Relyea's lab. In the future Relyea and his team plan to study the genetic mechanisms that underlie increased resistance in amphibians
and determine whether increased resistance occurs in additional animal species that are not the targets of pesticides.
Evidence for the evolution of amphibian resistance to modern pesticides. The article published Feb 21 in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is titled Cross-tolerance in amphibians:
Two other major goals in agriculture are increasing the carbohydrate content and pest-resistance of crops.
A recent discovery of protein transporters that move sugar throughout the plant has been used to develop rice plants that confer pest resistance to crops the biologists said providing a novel way to simplify the engineering of crops with high yields and pest resistance
The findings which were published today (Apr 29) in the journal Crop science are good news for plant breeders who've relied increasingly in recent years on the wild kin of domesticated crops as new sources of disease resistance drought tolerance
Wheat genome shows resistance genes easy to accessit's hard to go anywhere without a map--especially into the deep and complex world of genetics.
and isolate genes that are responsible for different traits such as disease resistance and days to maturity.
and drought and result in quality bread Gill said adding Most resistance genes seem to lie at the ends of chromosomes
structural quality that helps dictate how water moves through soil and soil's resistance to erosion.
--either directly or via electricity generated by solar cells--to convert the end products of hydrocarbon combustion water and carbon dioxide back into a carbon-based fuel.
The Brookhaven team had identified already some promising leads with experiments demonstrating the potential effectiveness of low-cost molybdenum paired with carbon as well as the use of nitrogen to confer some resistance to the corrosive acidic environment required in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cells.
The scientists also tested the Mosoy catalyst anchored on sheets of graphene--an approach that has proven effective for enhancing catalyst performance in electrochemical devices such as batteries supercapacitors fuel cells and water electrolyzers.
and number of tubers as well as by their resistance to the usual diseases of this crop.
The aim of this specialist was to find potatoes which brought together the features of the South american varieties (their colour resistance to pathogens
Resistance to diseases is another of the achievements. The four clones show certain resistance to the pathogens analysed such as the potato virus Y as well as the Pectobacterium atrosepticum bacteria
which weaken the vegetable and considerably undermine its production. Researcher Raquel LÃ pez highlights the importance of taking into account the clones achieved.#
That Brazil has become an agricultural powerhouse over the last decade or so is clear.
and it sends an electrical signal when the animal is located in that area. Together the place cells produce full representations of whole spatial environments.
Ulanovsky in cooperation with a US commercial company created a wireless lightweight (12 g about 7%of the weight of the bat) device containing electrodes that measure the activity of individual neurons in the bat's brain.
and sends an electrical signal when the bat is located in that area. Together the population of place cells provides full coverage of the cave--left and right up and down.
which makes collisions with power lines and overhead cables a serious threat. Modern agricultural techniques also endanger the subspecies.
Usually Ice and Heat (gel cream modalities electrical) based) are used in managing soft tissue or muscle injuries (Prentice 2006.
which in turn could be used to generate efficient electricity. We used free-energy profiling and geometric analysis in these candidate zeolites to understand how the distribution
and do not require electricity or fuel. Instead they use the kinetic energy of flowing stream water to power the lifting of a fraction of this water to a higher elevation.
The key enzymes immobilized on the magnetic nanoparticles can easily be recycled using a magnetic force. Zhang designed the experiments
but a global team led by researchers from the University of Minnesota warns in a new paper that without increased financial support for disease resistance research new strains of a deadly fungal disease could leave millions without affordable access to food.
Scientists have developed new wheat varieties with some resistance to the deadly disease but the disease evolves
Several projects to develop resistance to Ug99 are under way including an international consortium known as the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative a $26 million five-year effort funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
and sustain investments in rust-resistance research is tantamount to accepting an increase in the risk of yield losses on one of the world's food staples said Phil Pardey leader of the research team and a professor of applied
Evolutionary studies make used of mitochondrial (powerhouse) genomes to identify maternal lineages for example the human mitochondrial Eve.
or glow while others are magnetic or conductive. Some can have multiple properties. The organic salts used to make GUMBOS are not the familiar organic sea salt products sold for cooking and other uses.
Now Professor Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne and Professor Michale Turelli from the University of California have shown that by introducing an insecticide resistance gene alongside the Wolbachia bacteria into the mosquito that the insects pass on the disease-blocking bacteria to other mosquitoes faster.
The approach taken in this new work involves adding a pesticide resistance gene to a newer strain of Wolbachia called wmelpop
Prof Hoffmann added that insecticide resistance genes would not spread to the uninfected mosquito populations
because a Wolbachia-infected female with a resistance gene will always pass on both the gene and the bacteria to her offspring.
So the association between resistance and the infection is maintained the resistance does not move into the rest of the population
and/or reduce insulin resistance dietary changes that control blood sugar levels and weight loss that reduces insulin resistance.
A simple natural pill or capsule that would both help control blood sugar and foster weight loss at the same time would be a major advance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes Vinson said.
This means that greenhouses in Europe alone would be able to save as much electricity as half of Sweden's electricity consumption.
A NASA C-20a piloted aircraft carrying the Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) is wrapping up studies over the U s. Gulf Coast Arizona and Central and South america.
Adapting a novel form of insect resistance discovered in a wild plant native to Peru Mutschler-Chu professor of plant breeding and genetics first isolated the resistance.
After successfully transferring the resistance into new lines and breeding out undesirable traits her team added a second layer of protection:
. If some thrips get through with the virus the virus resistance genes are there to mop it up Mutschler-Chu said.
and without the virus resistance genes will be used by Mutschler-Chu and an interdisciplinary team of eight other scientists from seven other institutions nationwide as part of a new five-year $3. 75 million project to control thrips and TOSPO viruses in tomatoes.
or tweaking virus resistance Mutschler-Chu wants to discover the best package for insect and virus control.
and automobile manufactures are aggressively trying to develop vehicles that run on hydrogen fuel cells. Unlike gas-powered engines that spew out pollutants the only byproduct of hydrogen fuel is water.
and energy companies are working on hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as the transportation of the future Zhang said.
The energy stored in xylose splits water molecules yielding high-purity hydrogen that can be utilized directly by proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
and will allow us to better understand the mechanism of drug resistance that is common in prostate cancer patients.
Their study helps explain why one major pest is evolving resistance much faster than predicted
Our goal is to understand how insects evolve resistance so we can develop and implement more sustainable environmentally friendly pest management he said.
To thwart further evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops farmers have shifted recently to the pyramid strategy:
if an individual pest has resistance to one toxin the other toxin will kill it.
His home institution the Center for Agricultural Research for Development or CIRAD is interested keenly in factors that could affect pest resistance to Bt crops in Africa.
For their experiments the group collected cotton bollworm--also known as corn earworm or Helicoverpa zea-a species of moth that is a major agricultural pest and selected it for resistance against one of the Bt toxins Cry1ac.
But on the two-toxin plants the caterpillars selected for resistance to one toxin survived significantly better than caterpillars from a susceptible strain.
and may also explain the reports indicating some field populations of cotton bollworm rapidly evolved resistance to both toxins.
Moreover the team's analysis of published data from eight species of pests reveals that some degree of cross-resistance between Cry1
Contradicting the concept of redundant killing cross-resistance means that selection with one toxin increases resistance to the other toxin.
According to the study's authors even low levels of cross-resistance can reduce redundant killing
In particular inheritance of resistance to plants producing only Bt toxin Cry1ac was dominant which is expected to reduce the ability of refuges to delay resistance.
Refuges consist of standard plants that do not make Bt toxins and thus allow survival of susceptible pests Under ideal conditions inheritance of resistance is not dominant
and the susceptible pests emerging from refuges greatly outnumber the resistant pests. If so the matings between two resistant pests needed to produce resistant offspring are unlikely.
But if inheritance of resistance is seen dominant as with cotton bollworm matings between a resistant moth
which hastens resistance. According to Tabashnik overly optimistic assumptions have led the EPA to greatly reduce requirements for planting refuges to slow evolution of pest resistance to two-toxin Bt crops.
The new results should come as a wakeup call to consider larger refuges to push resistance further into the future Carriã re pointed out.
Our simulations tell us that with 10 percent of acreage set aside for refuges resistance evolves quite fast
but if you put 30 or 40 percent aside you can substantially delay it. Our main message is to be more cautious especially with a pest like the cotton bollworm Carriã re said.
#Waste heat may economize CO2 capturein some of the first results from a federally funded initiative to find new ways of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from coal-fired power plants Rice university scientists have found that CO2 can be removed more economically using waste heat
--low-grade steam that cannot be used to produce electricity. The find is significant because capturing CO2 with conventional technology is an energy-intensive process that can consume as much as one-quarter of the high-pressure steam that plants use to produce electricity.
This is just the first step in our effort to better engineer a process for capturing CO2 from flue gas at power plants said George Hirasaki the lead researcher of Rice's CO2-capture research team The researchers hope to reduce the costs of CO2 capture by creating an integrated
reaction column that uses waste heat engineered materials and optimized components. Hirasaki's team was one of 16 chosen by the Department of energy (DOE) in 2011 to develop innovative techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
The team's first findings appear in two new studies that are available online this month in the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
Power plants fired by coal and natural gas account for about half of the CO2 that humans add to the atmosphere each year;
these power plants are prime candidates for new technology that captures CO2 before it goes up in smoke.
Each of these plants makes electricity by boiling water to create steam to run electric turbines.
while the CO2 at power plants is said not Hirasaki There's also a greater volume of CO2 per unit mass at a power plant than at a natural gas well.
if it is to be cost-effective for CO2 capture at power plants. A major challenge in adapting two-phase amine processing for power plants is the amount of heat required to recycle the amine in the second phase of the process.
Using existing amine processing technology at power plants is impractical because amine recycling would require as much as one-quarter of the high-pressure steam that could otherwise be used to drive turbines
and make electricity Hirasaki said. This phenomenon is known as parasitic power loss and it will drive up the cost of electricity by lowering the amount of electricity a plant can produce for sale.
It has been estimated that the use of current technology for CO2 capture would drive up the cost of electricity by 70 to 100 percent said Rice graduate student Sumedh Warudkar a co-investigator on the Rice university team.
In our study we examined whether it would be possible to improve on that by using lower-value steam to run the amine recyclers.
To test this idea Warudkar used a software package that's commonly used to model industrial chemical processes.
The health tests measured longevity fertility stress and starvation resistance. Findings suggest beneficial health effects dependent on specific foods Some negative
and quality by increasing genetic diversity and analyzing key traits related to its resistance to cold drought and disease.
Tauschii's enhanced disease resistance. Remarkably a higher number of genes for the cytochrome P450 family were identified in Ae tauschii (485) than sorghum (365) rice (333) Brachypodium (262) and maize (261.
The group plans to achieve this by optimizing the optical properties of the solar cell's electrode.
Solar Electric Materials an Energy Frontier Research center funded by the U s. Department of energy Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001084 (Y. Z
and power lines findings that could affect the oil and gas industry as much as farmers and land owners.
The Rice university lab of materials scientist Pulickel Ajayan determined that the well-studied material is a superior cathode for batteries that could supply both high energy density and significant power density.
Cathodes built into half-cells for testing at Rice fully charged and discharged in 20 seconds
and discharge due to their low electrical conductivity. The high-conductivity graphene lattice that is literally baked in solves that problem nicely he said by serving as a speedy conduit for electrons and channels for ions.
In the best samples made at Rice fully 84 percent of the cathode's weight was the lithium-slurping VO2
and lead author Shubin Yang said they believe that to be among the best overall performance ever seen for lithium-ion battery electrodes.
which other cathodes commonly decay even at low charge-discharge rates. We think this is real progress in the development of cathode materials for high-power lithium-ion batteries Ajayan said suggesting the ribbons'ability to be dispersed in a solvent might make them suitable as a component in the paintable batteries developed in his lab. Co-authors of the new paper are Rice graduate students
Daniel Hashim and Lulu Ma; research scientist Zheng Liu; former Rice visiting researcher Liang Zhan now an associate professor at East China University of Science and Technology in Shanghai;
The method known as fast ignition uses lasers capable of delivering more than a petawatt of power (a million billion watts) in a fraction of a billionth of a second to heat compressed deuterium
the use of alternative fuels like biofuels electricity and hydrogen; and strong government policies to overcome high costs and influence consumer choices.
This approach includes reducing work the engine must perform--reducing vehicle weight aerodynamic resistance rolling resistance
hybrid electric vehicles such as the Toyota Prius; plug-in hybrid electric vehicles such as the Chevrolet Volt;
battery electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf; hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles such as the Mercedes F-Cell scheduled to be introduced about 2014;
and compressed natural gas vehicles such as the Honda civic Natural gas. Although driving costs per mile will be lower especially for vehicles powered by natural gas
or electricity the high initial purchase cost is likely to be a significant barrier to widespread consumer acceptance the report says.
All the vehicles considered are and will continue to be several thousand dollars more expensive than today's conventional vehicles.
Each combines highly efficient vehicles with at least one of three alternative power sources--biofuel electricity or hydrogen.
Vehicles powered by electricity will not emit any greenhouse gases but the production of electricity and the additional load on the electric power grid are factors that must be considered.
To the extent that fossil resources are used to generate electricity the report says that the successful implementation of carbon capture
and storage will be essential. These vehicles also rely on batteries which are projected to drop steeply in price.
and long recharge times are likely to limit the use of all-electric vehicles mainly to local driving.
When hydrogen is used as a fuel cell in electric vehicles the only vehicle emission is water.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could become less costly than the advanced internal combustion engine vehicles of 2050.
Fuel cell vehicles are not subject to the limitations of battery vehicles but developing a hydrogen infrastructure in concert with a growing number of fuel cell vehicles will be difficult and expensive the report says.
The technology advances required to meet the 2050 goals are challenging and not assured. Nevertheless the committee considers that dramatic cost reduction
Fasting blood glucose insulin insulin resistance body weight body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were assessed every six months for 24 months.
and insulin resistance achieved during the first year of the program by the LWL group largely were maintained in the second year as compared to the usual care group.
The most common choices would be to either burn it for electricity or dispose of the ash.
As the most diverged wild relative of O. sativa (rice) O. Brachyantha has resistance against many rice pathogens and various stress environments.
and insect resistance but it can stand in the way of enzymes that want to get at the sugars locked up in the carbohydrates.
or some other factor affecting recalcitrance (the plant's resistance to give up its structural sugars).
even though the females put up resistance in 60%of the cases observed. Forced copulation also takes place on Borneo.
One intuitive way to think about graph Laplacians is to imagine the graph as a big electrical circuit and the edges as resistors.
The weights of the edges describe the resistance of the resistors solving the Laplacian tells you how much current would flow between any two points in the graph.
on the circuit analogy the voltage would have to be the same across both paths.
One impediment to even more widespread use has been the cost of filament says Pearce an associate professor of materials science and engineering and electrical and computer engineering.
Ceramics are used in a wide variety of technologies including body armor fuel cells spark plugs nuclear rods and superconductors.
This increases the strength of the ceramic as well as improving its optical magnetic and other properties.
The key to Narayan's approach is the application of an electric field at approximately 100 volts per centimeter to the material.
and draw current from the electric field to the area --which raises the temperature along the grain boundary.
Preheating the grain boundary with an electric field is allowed what Narayan to lower the sintering temperature from 1450 C to 800 C
#Floral signs go electric: Bumblebees find and distinguish electric signals from flowersflowers'methods of communicating are sophisticated at least as as any devised by an advertising agency according to a new study published Feb 21 in Science Express by researchers from the University of Bristol.
However for any advertisement to be successful it has to reach and be perceived by its target audience.
and distinguish electric signals given out by flowers. Flowers often produce bright colours patterns and enticing fragrances to attract their pollinators.
Researchers at Bristol's School of Biological sciences led by Professor Daniel Robert found that flowers also have their equivalent of a neon sign--patterns of electrical signals that can communicate information to the insect pollinator.
These electrical signals can work in concert with the flower's other attractive signals and enhance floral advertising Power plants are charged usually negatively
and emit weak electric fields. On their side bees acquire a positive charge as they fly through the air.
No spark is produced as a charged bee approaches a charged flower but a small electric force builds up that can potentially convey information.
By placing electrodes in the stems of petunias the researchers showed that when a bee lands the flower's potential changes
and remains so for several minutes. Could this be a way by which flowers tell bees another bee has recently been visiting?
To their surprise the researchers discovered that bumblebees can detect and distinguish between different floral electric fields.
Also the researchers found that when bees were given a learning test they were faster at learning the difference between two colours
when electric signals were also available. How then do bees detect electric fields? This is not yet known
although the researchers speculate that hairy bumblebees bristle up under the electrostatic force just like one's hair in front of an old television screen.
The discovery of such electric detection has opened up a whole new understanding of insect perception and flower communication.
These kinds of adaptations of existing structures are common in natural history notes Robert Berwick a co-author of the paper who is a professor of computational linguistics in MIT's Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems in the Department of Electrical engineering and Computer science.
and they also accumulated more compounds linked to stress resistance. According to the authors organic farming exposes plants to greater stress than conventional farming.
and may mean that the virus does not have to actively replicate in the cells where the resistance to drought occurs according to Roossinck.
However patients eventually develop resistance to treatment. There is a great need to better understand the molecular mechanism of resistance
and develop new gene-targeted therapies that can circumvent resistance said the authors. In this study the researchers also reported for the first time that IKBKE is a target of STAT3 a transcription factor that plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth
and programmed cell death. According to the researchers STAT3 is activated frequently in various types of human cancers and when activated STAT3 increases IKBKE overexpression and protein levels.
While IKBKE induces chemotherapy resistance knocking down IKBKE sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy and reduces cancer cell survival.
A typical BECCS system converts woody biomass grass and other vegetation into electricity chemical products or fuels such as ethanol.
The technology can be used in power plants paper mills ethanol processors and other manufacturing facilities. As a carbon-negative technology BECCS takes advantage of the innate ability of trees grasses
Approximately 60 percent of global CO2 emissions come from power plants and other industries fueled by coal natural gas and oil.
To make the process carbon negative researchers have proposed a BECCS co-fired power plant that runs on a mixture of fossil fuel (such as coal) and vegetation (wood grass or straw for example.
Unlike BECCS and biochar systems which produce electricity or fuels mechanical trees do not generate power
and disease resistance as a way to eliminate unpromising lines early in the process. To do this the K-State team including graduate students Nan An Brent Christenson
and pest-resistance concerns of traditional insecticides scientists are reporting. The advance toward broadening applicability of the so-called sterile insect technique (SIT) appears in the journal ACS Synthetic biology.
and Imaging the De Montfort University team#along with Dr Michael Watts from The british Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham UK#has identified varieties that are low in arsenic but high in essential trace elements such as
#oefurthermore energy costs (electricity or diesel) will be lower as there will be less need for them to pump groundwater for irrigation#Haris says.
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