7. energy

Atomic energy (373)
Coal (147)
Electricity (29)
Energy (2751)
Fuels (1463)
Gas system (10)
Oil (1404)
Power companies (36)
Solar energy (168)
Wind generation (14)

Synopsis: 7. energy:

or oil is affected by the way hot liquid circulates. On earth, the hot liquid at the base of a pan rises

Lioumbas and Karapantsios fixed a deep-fryer containing potato sticks in half a litre of hot oil onto the end of the 8m-long arms of the Large Diameter Centrifuge at the European Space Research

and from the rising of bubbles that grow on the potato surface as the oil begins to boil.

researcher Rabinowitch and colleagues have been pushing the idea of"potato power  to deliver energy to people cut off from electricity grids.

but ingenious trick to make potatoes particularly good at producing energy.""A single potato can power enough LED lamps for a room for 40 days, Â claims Rabinowitch,

energy is released. This was discovered by Luigi Galvani in 1780 when he connected two metals to the legs of a frog,

Yet to the surprise of Rabinowitch, no one had studied scientifically spuds as an energy source. So in 2010, he decided to give it a try,

which allows us to understand how much energy was lost by heat. Â They found that by simply boiling the potatoes for eight minutes,

thus producing more energy. They also increased the energy output by slicing the potato into four or five pieces,

each sandwiched by a copper and zinc plate, to make a series.""We found we could improve the output 10 times,

because the cost of energy drops down, Â says Goldberg.""It's low voltage energy,

 says Rabinowitch, "but enough to construct a battery that could charge mobile phones or laptops in places where there is no grid, no power connection.

and copper electrodes generates portable energy at an estimated $9 per kilowatt hour, which is 50-fold cheaper than a typical 1. 5 volt AA alkaline cell or D cell battery,

First, there's the issue of using a food for energy. Olivier Dubois, senior natural resources officer at the United nations Food

and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), says that using food for energy oe like sugar cane for biofuels oe must avoid depleting food stocks

 While the potato helps to prevent energy being lost to heat, it is not the source of the energy oe that's actually extracted via the corrosion of the zinc."

"It's sacrificial oe the metal is degrading over time, Â says Lovley. This means you'd have to replace the zinc oe and of course the potato or plantain pith oe over time.

A zinc electrode that lasts about five months would cost about the same as a litre of kerosene,

Compared with modern technologies like solar power, potatoes are perhaps less desirable as an energy source.

Gaurav Manchanda, founder of One Degree Solar, which sells micro-solar home systems in Kenya,

and deposit it on the seafloor to restart nature's eons-long process of creating fossil fuels.

and will produce the natural gas equivalent of 100,000 barrels of oil per day. While few groups could afford to build a floating city capable of weathering such storms

We are already researching ways to harvest food and energy in deeper, more remote parts of the ocean.

Future cities built from scratch will be more dynamic, energy-efficient and flexible. These cities of the sea could use algal biofuel production

and store energy from wind and the Sun. As designs improve oe and get cheaper oe the idea of a home on the ocean will become more affordable.

It feeds agriculture and energy production, drives industrial processes and transportation systems, and nourishes the ecosystems that we depend upon.

However, desalinisation is energy-intensive and creates a hyper-saline brine that, when discharged, can harm aquatic ecosystems.

Advances in this technology have moved from an energy-hungry distillation process to a reverse osmosis process (essentially,

which also reduces energy use (though not waste). Researchers are also exploring practical ways to treat brine.

Many types of industry and energy production oe including hydropower mineral extraction and mining or fuel production oe rely on vast quantities of water.

Cooling towers re-circulate water with the sole purpose of getting rid of heat, and in the process, release large amounts of water to the atmosphere via evaporation and through contaminated water.

when the Prussian Surgeon general Friedrich Von Esmarch recommended in his influential 19th century handbook on battlefield medicine that burnt surfaces should be covered with an oil, grease or butter.

frogs boiled in oil and fermented goat dung. Greeks from the 4TH CENTURY BC preferred rendered pig fat

which don't work, including the use of butter, milk, cooking oil and toothpaste. The researchers were concerned that as this was a hypothetical question posed in a calm situation

spoiler alert high-energy wafers secretly made of human corpses were on the menu. Less intellectually nourishing sci-fi food staples include the entire meal in a pill (or dollop or slab of gunk

using the Sun's energy. Most plants, including most crops, use a chemical pathway for photosynthesis that binds three carbon atoms from the air.

annual emissions from the energy sector fell from 29. 3gt to 29gt. Fewer people would mean less production of everything from food to plastics.

Baylaucq's cinematography suggests that the energy concentrating and dispersing around our bodies might become a tangible part of future public urban space.

these kinds of subtle energy exchanges might develop even further to become part of new artificial living systems.

Within this kind of city fabric, the thermal plumes emitted by each human occupant offer a new form of energy to be captured

Fuel speculationthe basic idea, put forward by Egyptologists such as the Englishman William Flinders Petrie in the early twentieth century,

and salt (chloride), was used widely as a fuel since the beginnings of animal domestication in the eighth millennium BC.

In early 2013, Phillips in The netherlands announced it had invented an LED light with energy efficiency 150%greater than existing LED grow lights.

This new development promises to significantly reduce energy costs involved in growing such crops. Although most current vertical farming operations have chosen to specialise in cash crops consisting of leafy green vegetables (easy to grow and much in demand), in the near future,

and energy which requires the plunder of yet more land. Depending on how resource hungry its citizens are,

although the energy involved in irrigating and maintaining such farms makes them impractical for food production on a larger scale.

they consume fossil fuels and transform them into energy, carbon dioxide and industrial pollutants oe which, on an industrial scale, produces a world

which Rachel Carson, author of the seminal environmental book Silent Spring, noted is not quite fatal.

In recent years we've looked to renewables to avoid the need for using fossil fuels oe

but the percentage of our energy provided by these alternatives remains small compared with our overall consumption.

but we would also benefit from not having to rely on fossil fuels and central power grids to provide street lighting.

In the near future our buildings may also be grown by industrial-strength microorganisms. Some of these may form the basis of self-healing materials such as, Henk Jonkers'biocrete,

What if we never run out of oil? Charles Mann The Atlantic 24 april 2013 Fracking and shale gas have transformed America's energy balance.

In another decade, led by Japan, we may well be recovering natural gas oe methane hydrate oe from beneath the oceans,

tapping reserves perhaps twice as big as all other fossil fuels combined. In short, humanity may well have all the fossil fuels it can possibly use for lifetimes to come.

Which would be great news oe if not for climate change. How not to die Jonathan Rauch The Atlantic 24 april 2013 Humbling, enlightening essay on end-of-life care."

Unlike conventional aircraft which burn kerosene oe a polluting fossil fuel-Leslie's plane was powered by fuel derived from rapeseed oil.

However, it could equally have been powered by one of a number of biofuels made from algae, flax, coconut husks or even from used cooking-oil.

These kinds of fuels are considered to be eco-friendly and"green  because the plants from

For example, newly released figures collected by a plane trailing the Canadian Falcon 20 suggested that there was a 50%reduction in aerosol emissions compared to conventional fuel.

Previous studies with the rapeseed fuel also show that there is a 25%reduction in particles

and up to 49%reduction in soot oe or black carbon-emissions compared to conventional fuel.

 In 2008, Virgin Atlantic was the first to fly a plane on a blend of biofuel and regular jet fuel.

crucially, can be dropped in  to existing fuel infrastructure at airports. With so many apparent advantages, you might expect that every airline is beginning to draw up a plan to use these fuels.

But you would be wrong. Sound barrierbiofuels are not without problems leading the chief scientist of environmental group Greenpeace to label the first flight by Virgin as high-altitude greenwash.

which cautioned that the entire life cycle of a fuel has to be assessed before it can be called Ëoegreen'.

'The 2011 analysis of 14 fuel sources, including conventional petroleum-based jet fuel, showed that emissions from burning biofuels varied hugely depending on the type of land used to grow the fuel-crops.

For example, biofuels made with palm oil from a plantation made by clearing rainforest emitted 55 times more carbon dioxide (over its life cycle) than oil from a previously cleared area.

The comparison with conventional fuels can look very different too. Crops grown in an unsustainable manner can actually create fuels that emit 10 times more CO2 than fossil-fuel based fuel."

"The situation is more complex than just looking to biofuels, Â says Prof Barrett.""There are many types of biofuel,

there are many different kinds of biomass which can be used to create biofuel, and there are many different ways of taking that biomass and converting it,

Â"We really do believe that by 2030,30%of all airplane fuel could be provided by sustainable biofuels.

any fuel that finds its way into a plane is controlled tightly and regulated.""There are 12 different parameters that you have to measure with exact precision to get certified to be a jet fuel,

 he says.""We've flown on commercial flights, we've flown F18s over the speed of sound, C17s, Apache helicopters,

whether these fuels will work or be safe. This is only a question of scale up of production.

and aggrieved tribesmen who regularly sabotage oil and gas pipelines and electricity towers to extract concessions from the central government.

but tasted of sulphur, charcoal, and burning plastic. The problem is that no single step in the production

humans have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, releasing stored carbon from millions of years ago.

Even if we stopped burning fossil fuels today, there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere -and it is such a persistent,

so that the greenhouse gas produced during fossil fuel burning can be removed from the exhaust emissions. The carbon dioxide can then be cooled

Another storage option is to use the collected gas to replace crude oil deposits, helping drilling companies to pump out oil from hard to reach places, in a process known as advanced oil recovery.

Removing this pollution from power plants oe called carbon capture and storage oe is a useful way of preventing additional carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere as we continue to burn fossil fuels.

But what about the gas that is already out there? The problem with removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is that it's present at such a low concentration.

Removing the gas takes a lot of energy, so it is expensive, but it's feasible. To extract the 0. 04%of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would require enormous volumes of air to be processed.

Fake plastic treesklaus Lackner, director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at Columbia University

there isn't enough space to store it securely in saline aquifers or oil wells. But geologists are coming up with alternatives.

His idea is to use the carbon dioxide to make liquid fuels for transport vehicles. Carbon dioxide can react with water to produce carbon monoxide

and hydrogen oe a combination known as syngas because it can be turned readily into hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol or diesel.

The process requires an energy input but this could be provided by renewable sources, such as wind energy,

Lackner suggests. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air oe and keep it out oe but whether it is economically viable is a different question.

although the UK's Met Office is more favourable) oe it starts to make economic sense for oil companies who would pay in the region of $100 per tonne to use the gas in enhanced oil recovery.

The Haber reaction requires burning fossil fuels which emit carbon dioxide. And other potent greenhouse gases, including nitrous oxide,

but it uses valuable animal fodder or cooking fuel. As with all fertilisers, manure runoff can also pollute rivers and oceans with eutrophication (death by oxygen starvation.

and the cost of transportation is very high on the continent because of high fuel prices and terrible roads.

because petrol prices have soared. Millions of African subsistence farmers survive on less than a dollar a day,

Techniques similar to those used in the offshore oil industry have been used for years by archaeologists on the ground to spot buried structures.

zero-energy system for keeping camel milk cool in soaring temperatures that commonly reach 45c (113 Fahrenheit).

One of these is a US company called Promethean Power systems which has its eyes on India oe a country that currently produces

Like Kisaalita, they thought about using solar power, but it proved to be too expensive, at least for now.

And the fuels used by each of us for energy have produced combined emissions that are already altering the planet's climate.

By 2050, it is estimated that we could triple our resource consumption to a whopping 140 billion tonnes of minerals, ores, fossil fuels and biomass per year.

oil and coal that is destroying ecosystems and producing a deluge of toxin and plastics waste that will take centuries to degrade.

Shanghai's per capita energy use is already higher than London's, and the city has become a shoppers paradise for China's nouveaux rich.

freshwater and energy use by manufacturers, so that the price of a product more accurately reflects its environmental cost.

in which products are created using renewable energy, all the materials used in the process are reused and the final product is recycled also fully to minimise original resource-use.

rely on energy imports and so hydro is a very attractive domestic option. Other countries, such as Brazil which is planning the world's third largest dam at Belo Monte, China

Technology and innovation has saved already us from plagues, low crop yields, water shortages, reliance on fossil fuels and more.

so charcoal is added to keep the tobacco burning. Â This means the smoke inhaled derives from charcoal too

and charcoal contains several toxic substances, including carbon monoxide, heavy metals and tar. Some water-pipes are sold with mouthpieces containing cotton filters or a plastic mesh.

This does result in smaller bubbles, but a report by the World Health Organisation says there is no evidence that these mouthpieces reduce the harm.

From dogs to cows, scientists rushed to clone a menagerie of animals using Wilmut's technique, known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT.

And like the guar, other attempts to clone endangered species through somatic cell nuclear transfer tended to be one-offs.

and pest incursion, produces marketable oil and is also useful for animal feed. Essential minerals, such as nitrates, that crops suck up from the soil take a particularly long time to be replaced naturally.

but are made also from oil, meaning they produce greenhouse gas emissions during production. Give peas a chancea growing body of scientists is arguing that the common pastoral scene of a man in a hat driving a plough is causing some of the biggest damage to our soils.

and it's slashed my fuel costs, he said. Instead of having to drive a tractor up and down the field several times,

A group led by British-born plant scientist Stephen Long is trying to improve the ability of plants to harness energy from the sun. Their aim is to turbocharge photosynthesis,

they found a strain that did not waste precious energy trying to elongate itself above the waters when submerged by a flash flood,

We were even able to improve on our external sources of energy by expanding our range of fuels:

rather than relying on what fuel grew in forests and the continual recycling of biomatter,

we delved deep into the ground to extract fossil fuels made over geological timescales. Humans proved so clever and successful that we were able to overcome almost all the environmental limitations that restricted other species to their ecological niches.

with enough food, water, energy and other important trappings of a liveable existence, then we are going to have to recognise these limitations

whether it is about'peak soil',peak timber','peak silver','peak fish','peak oil'or'peak freshwater,

helping to run much of the lot on renewable energy, including the lights and the electric chainsaws used to trim the trunks.

and states that oeits the first known use of solar to power a Christmas tree lot and certainly the first San diego solar power lot.

Powering the Purdy Christmas tree lots is a great way to do that in a unique location and expose a whole new audience to the practical use of solar power.

It makes sense given that they used solar power to grow these trees in the first place. Solar power is indeed practical for a lot of situations that are looked often over.

From Christmas tree lots to powering festivals themselves, mobile solar power stations like these can be a big help for keeping events off grid, Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati c

#Crack Garden is Not What it Sounds Like Crack garden This crack garden is not

you can add scented oil for a little fragrance, Cox explained. oei would stick to putting this mix on the body though, not so much the face.

#Volcanoes Have shifted Asian Rainfall Powerful volcanoes potential to shift rain patterns Scientists have known long that large volcanic explosions can affect the weather by spewing particles that block solar energy and cool the air.

and per year (more than 20%of total emissions per person and per year) and consumes 20 gigajoules of primary energy,

and the energy consumption associated to aspects such as using toilet paper, soap and basin water, together with the treatment of sewage at treatment stations.

Such a large quake on the San Andreas, generally above a magnitude 7, would send enormous V-shape energy waves spreading out from the fault.

If the earthquake energy hit the Los angeles Basin, the soft sediment underneath it could actually amplify the waves,

conserving water and energy by redirecting them to the trunk. The trees leaves change colors, wither,

000 Factories to Meet Their Energy-efficiency Goals Coal has made China the worlds largest emitter of greenhouse gases.

Earlier this summer, Prime minister Wen Jiabao of China promised to use an oeiron hand to improve his countrys energy efficiency,

cement works and other energy-intensive factories required to close by Sept. 30. Energy analysts described it as a significant step toward the countrys energy-efficiency goals

but not enough by itself to achieve them. Over the years, provincial and municipal officials have tried sometimes to block Beijings attempts to close aging factories in their jurisdictions.

The announcement was the latest in a series of Chinese moves to increase energy efficiency. The National Development and Reform Commission,

announced last Friday that it had forced 22 provinces to halt their practice of providing electricity at discounted prices to energy-hungry industries like aluminum production.

The current Chinese five-year plan calls for using 20 percent less energy this year for each unit of economic output than in 2005.

The success or failure of Chinas energy-efficiency campaign is being watched closely not just by economists,

Chinas energy consumption rose so sharply last winter that it produced the biggest surge ever of greenhouse gases by a single country.

Power plants burned more coal to generate enough electricity to meet demand. As China has become increasingly dependent on imported oil and coal

its national security establishment has become more visibly involved in energy policy and energy security, including efforts to improve energy efficiency.

Efficiency improved 14.4 percent in the first four years of the current plan, only to deteriorate by 3. 6 percent in the first quarter of this year, according to official statistics.

Mr. Wen responded by convening a special meeting of the cabinet in May to address the situation.

Energy efficiency was only 0. 09 percent worse in the first half of this year than in the same period in 2009, according to statistics released last week.

Energy analysts said those statistics indicated improvement in efficiency in the second quarter that nearly offset the deterioration in the first quarter

Zhou Xizhou, an associate director for IHS Cambridge Energy Research Associates in Beijing, said that the ministrys new list of factory closings was a strong measure to improve efficiency.

The International Energy Agency in Paris announced last month that China surpassed the United states last year as the worlds largest consumer of energy.

That milestone came earlier because of Chinas heavy reliance on coal, an especially dirty fossil fuel in terms of emission of gases contributing to global climate change.

In addition to the energy-efficiency objective in the current five-year plan a plan announced by President Hu Jintao late last year called for China to reduce its carbon emissions per unit of economic output by 40 to 45 percent by 2020,

compared with 2005 levels. Carbon emissions are a measurement of a countrys man-made emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide.

Even if China meets its energy-efficiency goal this year and its carbon goal by 2020, its total carbon emissions are still on track to rise steeply in the next decade, according to forecasts by the International Energy Agency.

That is because of factors including rapid growth in the Chinese economy growing car ownership and rising ownership of household appliances.

Popcorn, Partially Hydrogenated Soybean oil, Salt, Natural and Artificial Flavors, Annatto Color. Contains: Fish, Milk I suppose we should all take comfort that popcorn still comes first in the ranked list before Artificial Flavors and Fish.

where the delicacy is fried in cooking oil. Saving the planet one plateful at a time does not mean cutting back on meat, according to new research:

and the rush of workers to the Alaska oil pipeline in the 1970s. Now the United states and Europe have similar unemployment rates,

The money would allow him to buy energy-efficient equipment to reduce the utility bills. He also said he gets encouragement from residents,

The money would allow him to buy energy-efficient equipment to reduce the utility bills. He also said he gets encouragement from residents,

and deadlines by guzzling so-called energy drinks like Jolt, Red Bull and Rockstar. But, as it turns out,

as if consumers are now thirsting for anti-energy drinks. oerelaxation shots like Snoozeberry and ichill and soporific beverages with names like Unwind, Dream Water,

with options that included a $5 hit of hash oil from an elaborate bonglike device called a skillet.

The Aquadvantage would also be a much more energy efficient way to produce a nutritional food source,

#Super-Yeast Developed That Can Generate Ethanol from Energy Crops and Agricultural waste Super-yeast is a significant step toward developing second generation biofuels.

and upgrade non-food material, especially dedicated energy crops and agricultural residues such as straw, bagasse, stover and corn hulls.

potatoes, oats, corn oil flower vegetables, Different color crops so arranged, when looking from afar it seems like God painted them on a cloth so full of gorgeous color.

In September, white color oil flowers are in bloom on the whole mountain, It is a pity they covered up the beautiful red color.

if there is any secret in the fry oil in the shops. I figured Id be just be able to walk into the store and order them straight from the cashier. oewelcome to Mcdonalds

resulting in between 65 to 140 percent fewer greenhouse gas emissions than petrol and diesel,

there is room for all fuels, and all are needed to produce alternatives to fossil fuels. The challenge today is to increase the amount of sustainable biofuels in themselves

PÃ¥L BÃ rjesson, researcher in environmental and energy systems at the engineering faculty, in a statement.

The Lund study for the first time looks at the scope of Swedish biofuel use and has analyzed its environmental impact, both in relation to each other and as alternatives to fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel.

While initially seen as a major boon for the fight to control climate change, many have come to believe that growing these crops serves no net climate benefit.

Biogas performed 140 percent better than gasoline and diesel and had a net carbon benefit.

However, even the weakest-performing alternative still attained twice the EU standard that biofuels reduce greenhouse gases by at least 35 percent compared with fossil fuels.

and sugar-cane ethanol imports account for about five percent of total fuel use in Sweden. LINK Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorati m

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