but in a living cell the process is complicated by the presence of many proteins in a concentrated environment.
but in a living cell the process is complicated by the presence of many proteins in a concentrated environment.
#Climate change threatens forest survival on drier, low-elevation sitespredicted increases in temperature and drought in the coming century may make it more difficult for conifers such as ponderosa pine to regenerate after major forest fires on dry low-elevation sites in some cases leading to conversion
which will likely increase with climate change. This will make post-fire recovery on dry sites slow and uncertain.
The study published in Forest Ecology and Management was done in a portion of the Metolius River watershed in the eastern Cascade range of Oregon
A decade after this fire there was almost no tree regeneration at lower drier sites said Erich Dodson a researcher with the OSU Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society.
or prevented--even in climate conditions that might have been able to maintain an existing forest. While mature trees can use their roots to tap water deeper in the soil competition with dense understory vegetation can make it difficult for seedlings to survive.
And fire severity is already increasing in many forests due to climate change --what is thought now of as a drought in some locations may be considered average by the end of the next century.
If trees do fail to regenerate it could further reduce ecosystem carbon storage and amplify the greenhouse effect the study said.
Restoration treatment including thinning and prescribed burning may help reduce fire severity and increase tree survival after wildfire as well as provide a seed source for future trees Dodson said.
We often hear that livestock production isn't compatible with environmental goals said principal investigator Kenneth Tate a Cooperative Extension specialist in the UC Davis Department of Plant sciences.
Nearly 40 UC Davis researchers ranchers U s. Department of agriculture Forest Service staff and environmental stakeholders went out by foot
Overall 83 percent of all sample sites and 95 percent of all water samples collected were below U s. Environmental protection agency benchmarks for human health.
However the U s. EPA states that E coli are better indicators of fecal contamination and provide the most accurate assessment of water quality conditions and human health risks.
or below background levels and no samples exceeded concentrations of ecological or human health concern. The study was funded by the USDA Forest Service Region 5. Story Source:
This week mosquito control officials said the region's recent rainstorms and warming temperatures have increased stagnant water and favorable conditions for mosquitoes
and may become more of a threat as the climate warms. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention West Nile virus is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the United states. The virus is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Southwest Research Station (PSW) University of California Davis University of California Berkeley and the Integral Ecology Research center.
In the vicinity of illegal marijuana sites numerous dead or dying insects and small mammals are often found.
By increasing the number of animals that die from supposedly natural causes these pesticides may be tipping the balance of recovery for fishers says Dr. Craig Thompson a PSW wildlife ecologist and the study's lead author.
and communicates science needed to sustain forest ecosystems and other benefits to society. It has research facilities in California Hawai'i and the U s.-affiliated Pacific Islands.
Southwest Research Station (PSW) University of California Davis University of California Berkeley and the Integral Ecology Research center.
In the vicinity of illegal marijuana sites numerous dead or dying insects and small mammals are often found.
By increasing the number of animals that die from supposedly natural causes these pesticides may be tipping the balance of recovery for fishers says Dr. Craig Thompson a PSW wildlife ecologist and the study's lead author.
and communicates science needed to sustain forest ecosystems and other benefits to society. It has research facilities in California Hawai'i and the U s.-affiliated Pacific Islands.
and co-researchers Marcella Kelly an associate professor of wildlife in the College of Natural resources and Environment and Erin Poor of East Lansing Mich. a doctoral student studying wildlife science and geospatial
environmental analysis in the college suggest that high levels of human activity limit the tiger population.
Tigers are threatened not only by habitat loss from deforestation and poaching; they are also very sensitive to human disturbance said Sunarto a native of Indonesia where people typically have one name.
#Big environmental footprints: 21 percent of homes account for 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissionsenergy conservation in a small number of households could go a long way to reducing greenhouse gas emissions scientists are reporting.
Their study which measured differences in energy demands at the household level appears in the ACS journal Environmental science & Technology.
and to satisfy their mobility needs accounts for more than 70 percent of emissions of carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas involved in global climate change.
The biggest factors contributing to a few families having a disproportionately large environmental footprint were large living spaces
In various experiments the scientists presented the flies with environments containing carbon dioxide or a mix of carbon dioxide and the smell of food.
--if there was a smell of food in the environment at the same time. Facing the prospect of food hungry animals are
and does more damage than any other invasive tree said Matthew Kasson who received his doctorate in plant pathology and environmental microbiology from Penn State.
The study was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) the Royal Society Gardman Ltd and the BTO.
#Climate change to shrink bison, profitas temperatures go up bison get smaller. Joseph Craine research assistant professor in the Division of Biology at Kansas State university examined how climate change during the next 50 years will affect grazing animals such as bison and cattle in the Great plains.
The study Long-term climate sensitivity of grazer performance: a cross-site study was published recently in the peer-reviewed scientific journal PLOS ONE.
Bison are one of our most important conservation animals and hold a unique role in grasslands in North america Craine said.
In addition to their cultural and ecological significance they're economically important both from a livestock perspective and from a tourism perspective.
The organizations kept annual records of each animal in the herd and matched the data with the climates of the sites.
Climate is likely to reduce the nutritional quality of grasses causing the animals to grow more slowly.
It all lines up to suggest that climate change will cause grasses to have less protein
Craine said the results of climate change in coming decades can already be seen by comparing bison in cooler wetter regions with those in warmer drier regions.
grasses in the southern Great plains have less protein than grasses in the northern Great plains because of the warmer climate.
The reduction would come from either the cost of protein supplements needed to maintain similar weight gains before climate change or from a loss of income because of reduced weights.
The study is an offshoot of Craine's ecology research with the Konza Prairie Biological Station
Their research is published in the July 2013 issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
These factors together with the role of weather in produce contamination should be the targets of future research efforts to design cost-effective strategies for control of produce contamination.
They respond to their environment for days and we found we could use light to coax them to make more cancer-fighting antioxidants at certain times of day.
or introduce genetic diversity that will allow the reproductive process to be efficient even in difficult environmental conditions Johnson said.
Writing in the July-August issue of the Journal of Environmental Quality Mitsch and co-author Blanca Bernal report that two 15-year-old constructed marshes in Ohio accumulated soil carbon at an average annual rate of 2150 pounds per acre--or just over one ton of carbon per acre
and mitigate climate change. But in a new analysis that modeled carbon fluxes over 100 years from the two constructed Ohio marshes
and could protect against floods and storms he says. And now we're seeing that they're very important for retaining carbon.
So they're multidimensional systems --even though we as people tend to look at things one at a time. Funding for the study came from the U s. Environmental protection agency the National Science Foundation Ohio State university and Florida Gulf Coast University.
Story Source The above story is provided based on materials by American Society of Agronomy (ASA) Crop science Society of America (CSSA.
The study published in Science of the Total Environment also considers the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors most strongly linked to the use of these pesticides.
Pesticides are used in domestic environments to control infestations of insects or other living creatures explains Sabrina Llop from the Higher Public health Research Centre (CSISP) in Valencia the leading author of the paper.
and interact with their surroundings. Over the last twenty years astronomers have found that almost all galaxies have a huge black hole at their centre.
Some of these black holes are growing by drawing in matter from their surroundings creating in the process the most energetic objects in the Universe:
The newly-discovered dust forms a cool wind streaming outwards from the black hole. This wind must play an important role in the complex relationship between the black hole and its environment.
The black hole feeds its insatiable appetite from the surrounding material but the intense radiation this produces also seems to be blowing the material away.
but the presence of a dusty wind adds a new piece to this picture. In order to investigate the central regions of NGC 3783 the astronomers needed to use the combined power of the Unit Telescopes of ESO's Very Large Telescope.
journal PLOS ONE by research associate Deepak Ray and colleagues from the Institute on the Environment (Ione) at the University of Minnesota.
In a study recently published on-line by the journal Environmental Pollution researchers David Nowak and Robert Hoehn of the U s. Forest Service and Satoshi Hirabayashi and Allison Bodine of the Davey Institute in Syracuse N y. estimated how much fine particulate matter is removed by trees in 10 cities their impact on PM2
and forests said Michael T. Rains Director of the Forest Service's Northern Research Station
and creating healthier urban environments. The removal of PM2. 5 by urban trees is substantially lower than for larger particulate matter (particulate matter less than 10 microns--PM10)
Reduction in human mortality ranged from one person per 365000 people in Atlanta to one person per 1. 35 million people in San francisco. Researchers used the U s. Environmental protection agency's Benmap program
and amphibians on their way to cooler environments in a warming world according to new research led by the University of Washington.
The region is among half a dozen areas that could experience heavier traffic compared with the average species-movement across the Western hemisphere in response to a warming climate.
but because of an expected influx of species. While previous studies mapped where animals need to move to find climates that suit them this is the first broad-scale study to also consider how animals might travel
and other human related barriers according to Joshua Lawler UW associate professor of environmental and forestry sciences and lead author of a paper appearing June 19 online in Ecology Letters.
We took into account that many animals aren't just going to be able to head directly to areas with climates that suit them Lawler said.
Similarly the southern Appalachian mountains in the southeastern U s. are projected to act as a conduit for species moving northward in response to climate change.
These findings highlight the importance of the natural corridors that exist in these places--corridors that likely warrant more concerted conservation efforts to help species move in response to climate change Lawler said.
Except for one or two very localized studies this is the first to project species movements based on both climate change and the constraints of human alterations to the landscape.
For the climate component the researchers took 10 projections of future climate projected species movements for all 10 then averaged the results.
The work was supported by the U s. Environmental protection agency and the Wilburforce Foundation. The other co-authors are Aaron Ruesch who earned his master's from the UW
The mountainous region from Yellowstone to the Yukon is recognized widely as an important wildlife movement corridor now our study maps additional pathways across the Western hemisphere with the potential to shepherd species to safety in a warming future Olden said Climate change
and opportunity to help species respond to climate-induced changes in temperature. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by University of Washington.
These results are published in Environmental Pollution. Nature conservationists call it lingering illness and the latest report on the North-Rhine Westphalian forest conditions confirms ongoing damage.
Conceivable aggravation of forest decline by climate changea new type of electron microscope enabled the observation of particle deliquescence and dynamics under changing air humidity.
A relationship with increasing climate change-type drought has been proposed but the newly discovered mechanism involving particulate matter might contribute to the regional forest damage.
study showsa new study shows that the predator-prey relationship can affect the flow of carbon through an ecosystem.
This previously unmeasured influence on the environment may offer a new way of looking at biodiversity management and carbon storage for climate change.
& Environmental Studies comes out this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
and spiders--herbivores and predators in the study's food chain--and how it affects the movement of carbon through a grassland ecosystem.
We're discovering that predators are having important effects on shaping the make-up of ecosystems says Dr. Oswald Schmitz professor of ecology
The researchers manipulated the food chains of grassland ecosystem to see how the levels of carbon would change over time.
Dr. Schmitz and his team created several controlled ecosystems: some that contained only native grasses and herbs others that had plants
and the herbivores to change their behaviors and change the composition of their local environment.
This has significance for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Although the study was carried out on a small scale it could inform practices done in much larger areas.
It's going to force some thinking about the vital roles of animals in regulating carbon concludes Dr. Schmitz pointing to the fact that the UN's body of scientific experts who study climate change don't consider these multiplier effects in their models.
The above story is provided based on materials by Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Note:
or break environmental collective actionssustainability programs are a Goldilocks proposition--some groups are too big some are too small
and the environment benefits when the size of a group of people working to save it is just right.
This can point the way to determine how to better protect the environment and utilize natural resources. Other contributors to the paper were CSIS members Thomas Dietz professor of environmental science and policy sociology and animal studies;
Andr s Viã a assistant professor of fisheries and wildlife; and former CSIS doctoral students Wei Liu now a postdoctoral fellow at IIASA in Laxenburg Austria Mao-Ning Tuanmu now a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
at Yale university and Guangming He. The research is funded by the National Science Foundation NASA and Michigan State university Agbioresearch.
Mikhail A. Beketov and Matthias Liess from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) in Leipzig together with Ben Kefford from the University of Technology Sydney and Ralf B. Schã¤fer
from the Institute for Environmental sciences Landau analysed the impact of pesticides such as insecticides and fungicides on the regional biodiversity of invertebrates in flowing waters using data from Germany France and Victoria in Australia.
whether or to which extent and at what concentrations their use causes a reduction in biodiversity in aquatic environments.
Biological diversity in such aquatic environments can only be sustained by them because they ensure a regular exchange between surface and ground water thus functioning as an indicator of water quality.
New concepts linking ecology with ecotoxicology are needed therefore urgently. The current practice of risk assessment is like driving blind on the motorway cautions the ecotoxicologist Matthias Liess.
To date the approval of pesticides has primarily been based on experimental work carried out in laboratories and artificial ecosystems.
To be able to assess the ecological impact of such chemical substances properly existing concepts need to be validated by investigations in real environments as soon as possible.
Pesticides will always have an impact on ecosystems no matter how rigid protection concepts are but realistic considerations regarding the level of protection required for the various ecosystems can only be made
if validated assessment concepts are implemented. The threat to biodiversity from pesticides has obviously been underestimated in the past.
The above story is provided based on materials by Helmholtz Centre For Environmental Research-UFZ. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length.
#Prenatal exposure to BPA affects fat tissues in sheepnew research suggests that fetal exposure to the common environmental chemical bisphenol A
The study was conducted in the laboratory of Vasantha Padmanabhan MS Phd Professor at the University of Michigan Ann arbor with funding from the National institutes of health's National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences.
His work appears on the cover of the June 15 issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
when they leave the fieldshot weather may be the work environment for the 1. 4 million farmworkers in the United states who harvest crops
Quandt said it's also important to put the study into context regarding an increasing concern in the occupational health arena regarding global warming climate change.
The research was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant R01 ES012358. Co-authors include:
The above story is provided based on materials by University of Illinois College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental sciences.
and factors that we can't control such as climate change and stormwater runoff will continue to result in new invasions.
#Is a sleeping climate giant stirring in the Arctic? Flying low and slow above the wild pristine terrain of Alaska's North Slope in a specially instrumented NASA plane research scientist Charles Miller of NASA's Jet propulsion laboratory Pasadena Calif. surveys the endless whiteness of tundra and frozen permafrost below.
what we're doing here in the Arctic into perspective said Miller principal investigator of the Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (CARVE) a five-year NASA-led field campaign studying how climate change is affecting the Arctic's carbon cycle.
The Arctic is critical to understanding global climate he said. Climate change is already happening in the Arctic faster than its ecosystems can adapt.
Looking at the Arctic is like looking at the canary in the coal mine for the entire Earth system.
and methane from thawing permafrost--signals that may hold a key to Earth's climate future.
Current climate models do not adequately account for the impact of climate change on permafrost and how its degradation may affect regional and global climate.
Scientists want to know how much permafrost carbon may be vulnerable to release as Earth's climate warms
and how fast it may be released. CARVING Out a Better Understanding of Arctic Carbonenter CARVE. Now in its third year this NASA Earth Ventures program investigation is expanding our understanding of how the Arctic's water
and carbon cycles are linked to climate as well as what effects fires and thawing permafrost are having on Arctic carbon emissions.
CARVE is testing hypotheses that Arctic carbon reservoirs are vulnerable to climate warming while delivering the first direct measurements
and accurate climate models to know with confidence how the balance of carbon among living things will respond to climate change
Changes in climate may trigger transformations that are simply not reversible within our lifetimes potentially causing rapid changes in the Earth system that will require adaptations by people and ecosystems.
spring thaw in April/May the peak of the summer growing season in June/July and the annual fall refreeze and first snow in September/October.
Historically the cold wet soils of Arctic ecosystems have stored more carbon than they have released. If climate change causes the Arctic to get warmer and drier scientists expect most of the carbon to be released as carbon dioxide.
If it gets warmer and wetter most will be in the form of methane. The distinction is critical.
the joint University of Colorado/National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental sciences Boulder Colo.;
The federal government is looking to wood wind solar hydropower and other renewable energy sources to address concerns about climate change and energy security.
Woody biomass which includes trees grown on plantations managed natural forests and logging waste makes up about 75 percent of global biofuel production.
and mitigating climate change and understanding forest carbon cycles requires an in depth analysis of the storage in and fluxes among different forest carbon pools
He also is examining issues related to personal choices energy use and environmental impact. The results appear in the journal Global Change Biology-Bioenergy.
which causes erosion. With all of the tradeoffs of different management systems which one should growers use?
and other environmental contaminantsa study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health has for the first time found that a mother's higher exposure to some common environmental contaminants was associated with more frequent and vigorous fetal motor activity.
The study is available online in advance of publication in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.
Most studies of environmental contaminants and child development wait until children are much older to evaluate effects of things the mother may have been exposed to during pregnancy;
These results show that the developing fetus is susceptible to environmental exposures and that we can detect this by measuring fetal neurobehavior.
This is yet more evidence for the need to protect the vulnerable developing brain from effects of environmental contaminants both before
The research was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 2r01 HD27592 and the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Center
and mild autumn weather result in a higher prevalence of deer keds (louse fly parasite). A great deal of pine forest in the habitat of the moose has the same effect.
in moose in Southeast Norway in 2006/7 and studied environmental factors which can be favourable for the parasite and possible pathogens in the deer ked and its host.
between an invading ectoparasite its host and the environment. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Norwegian School of Veterinary Science.
and in recent years the EPA has relaxed its requirements for planting refuges in the U s. Perhaps the most compelling evidence that refuges work comes from the pink bollworm
He explained that in the southwestern U s. scientists from the EPA academia industry and the USDA worked with growers to craft
and they're being grown in very different environments. Until recently growing MDS in a usable form has been difficult.
and published today in the Journal of Ecology suggest that as pine stands are fragmented increasingly by widespread tree death surviving trees may be hindered in their ability to produce their usually abundant seeds.
With fewer seeds you get less regeneration says ecologist Joshua Rapp affiliated with NSF's Harvard Forest Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) site
male pollen cones female seed cones wind and proximity. Each year pollen from male cones is carried on the air to fertilize female seed cones perched atop nearby trees.
In low-cone years less pollen is released reaching extremely few female cones says Elizabeth Crone senior ecologist at the NSF Harvard Forest LTER site
and at certain intervals says Saran Twombly program director in NSF's Division of Environmental Biology which funded the research.
#Pollinators easily enhanced by flowering agri-environment schemesagri-environment schemes aimed to promote biodiversity on farmland have positive effects on wild bees hoverflies and butterflies.
Effects on diversity and abundance were strongest when agri-environment schemes prescribed sowing wild-flowers the more flowering species the better.
Jeroen Scheper of Alterra Research Institute and colleagues demonstrated this by analysing the results of 71 studies that had looked at the effects of implementing agri-environment schemes in various European countries.'
'There has been a lot of debate about the effectiveness of agri-environment schemes so the results were a bit of a surprise'said co-author David Kleijn.'
whether the results indicate that agri-environment schemes boost pollinator populations or that they temporarily attract pollinators from surrounding areas.
'The examined agri-environment schemes seem less effective in enhancing endangered pollinator species. Endangered species were observed rarely during the field studies.'
'Rachael Winfree a leading pollination scientist from Rutgers University New jersey USA comments'This is an interesting timely and comprehensive study that tests several ecological hypotheses to answer an important question:
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