First we built a test apparatus with two chambers that bees could fly into and drink from one of two targets.
which can be processed further into a sugar or fermented into an alcoholic drink. The nut technically called a drupe holds coconut water
and ingredients that contains gluten including bread beer french fries pasta salad dressing soy sauce and even some soups (unless otherwise marked as gluten-free).
Molasses is used also in the production of ethyl alcohol and as an additive in livestock feed.
#What Is Vodka? From its humble medieval origins as a medicinal agent vodka has conquered the world.
In 2012 tipplers downed 1. 17 billion gallons (4. 44 billion liters) of the distilled alcoholic beverage making it the world's most popular spirit.
But what is made vodka from? To produce vodka you must first ferment any foodstuff that contains sugar
or starch then distill the product to increase its alcohol content. Fermentation means feeding sugar to yeast so that the yeast can produce alcohol.
Today most vodka is made from fermented grains such as sorghum corn rice rye or wheat though you can also use potatoes fruits or even just sugar.
The fermentation step creates a product with only about 16 percent alcohol by volume (ABV) too low for spirits.
Upping that number requires distillation or heating in a container called a still. Because alcohol boils at a lower temperature than water you can collect the evaporated alcohol separating it from the water.
Most vodka is 30 to 40 percent ABV. Rectified spirits like the American brand Everclear reach 95 to 96 percent ABV.
The first records of vodka come from ninth-century Russia and eighth-century Poland. Vodka's popularity spread with Russian soldiers during the Napoleonic wars After the Russian revolution one vodka maker relocated to Paris
and started a distillery under the now-famous French spelling of his name: Smirnoff. Follow Michael Dhar@michaeldhar. Follow Livescience@livescience. We're also on Facebook & Google+l
#What Is Your Food Eating? If you have kids you probably worry whether or not they re getting the right nutrients.
You might worry about your own nutrition too. So you choose what you think are the right food groups
and serve balanced meals. But that s where it ends for most Americans. We simply don t have the time to dig deeper.
We don t have the time to worry about where our food gets its nutrients. Funny to think about it that way isn t it?
Flavor is a combination of input to the brain from the taste buds and from the nose.
Yet it combines with the input from other volatiles as well as input from the taste buds to create the perception of sweetness in the brain.
or even vodka don't help. Clean water still works the best. But don't take their word for it.
During the winter the closed cherry buds can tolerate below-freezing temperatures Meyer said. But as things start to warm they will break dormancy
and his colleagues gave 12 overweight and obese young men two drinks. One contained cornstarch which has a low glycemic index meaning it causes only a gradual rise in blood sugar.
The other drink contained corn syrup which has a high glycemic index. The researchers used artificial zero-calorie sweeteners to make the two drinks taste identical.
The men who received the high-glycemic index drink showed a dramatic spike in blood sugar after consuming the drink.
But four hours later their blood sugar levels crashed and they reported being very hungry. At the same time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of those who drank the corn syrup drink showed increased activation in a region of the brain called the nucleus accumbens
and cravings in past research compared with the men who drank the low-glycemic index drink.
#Why Do People Drink Milk? Milk is recognized widely as a nutritious drink for people of all ages it's a good source of protein calcium Vitamin d potassium and other vitamins and minerals.
Despite the health benefits of milk consumption of milk in the United states dropped to its lowest levels in nearly 30 years in 2011 with more than half of adults cutting milk completely out of their diet according to the U s. Department of agriculture.
Every Halloween communities in Ireland would craft their own turnip lamps to scare him and other wayward spirits away.
and beer than did the diets of non-yogurt eaters according to the study which received some funding from a yogurt manufacturer.
Before competition athletes would consume pounds of onions drink onion juice and rub onions on their bodies.
The largest onion ever grown weighed 10 pounds 14 ounces (about 5 kilograms) according to the Guinness Book of World records.
#Butterflies Caught Lapping Up Crocodile Tears Crocodile tears may be drinks for thirsty butterflies and bees new research reveals.
Other probiotic-rich foods include kefir a fermented milk drink and aged cheeses such as cheddar Gouda Parmesan and Swiss.
and flavors from the bland Anaheim pepper to the scorching Scotch bonnet and more than 34.6 million tons of the peppers were harvested in 2011.
and whole grains and drink plenty of water may have a lower risk of giving birth before their pregnancy reaches full term a large new study from Norway suggests.
though factors such as smoking alcohol or drug use inadequate prenatal care or having twins or triplets also play a role Metz told Live Science.
A prudent diet consisted of raw and cooked vegetables salad fruit and berries nuts vegetable oils whole grain cereals poultry and water to drink.
Lastly a Western diet contained a lot of salty snacks chocolate and sweets cakes French fries white bread ketchup sugar sweetened drinks processed meat products and pasta.
Consuming too much alcohol smoking and not exercising are among risk factors for colon cancer. Studies have found that people who eat a lot of red meat are more likely to develop colon cancer
people might also plan on spending more for lime-based margaritas. A case of limes now sells for more than $100 compared to $15 per case last year according to numerous reports.
As a result some restaurants are forced to charge more for lime-based drinks and food or try to pass off lemons as cheaper substitutes.
and margaritas are nothing without limes Ken Briscoe director of cultural affairs for the city of Wilmington Delaware told the News Journal.
And as a result the city's celebration will include lime-based margaritas without the usual fresh slice of lime as a garnish. 7 Ways Alcohol Affects Your Health Whither the lime?
Joe Hargrave of San francisco's Tacolicious after paying $115 for a case of limes was forced to add $3 to the price of all margaritas made with fresh lime juice.
In the winter months they eat twigs bark and buds. While originally from Europe and Africa rabbits now call many places home.
A shroud of fog shields the trees from sunlight keeping their buds cooler. As a result farmers may need to cultivate more heat-hardy trees or move orchards to cooler spots.
When they hatch the chicks are raised by humans cloaked in white costumes with a beaked puppet on their hands to teach the birds to eat and drink.
which mostly consisted of sodas juices and sports or energy drinks. So if you're looking to consume a healthy diet rich in fresh fruits
Guinness World records says the world's heaviest watermelon was grown by Lloyd Bright of Arkadelphia Arkansas in 2005.
and had me drink the entire potion. The pain in my foot went away. And for seven months there was no pain.
In the spirit of the interconnectedness of all things the Amazon Conservation Team launched to protect the forests preserve the tribal populations
Some bats will squeeze fruits in their mouths and drink the juices. Vampire bats like a juice of a different type though.
Young bats drink milk from their mothers to survive much like other mammals. The mothers and pups stay in groups separate from the males.
or an elephant taking a drink at the bank of the river. At that time the Nile wasn't surrounded by desert;
LACMRLP 388e was thought initially to be buds and only later after the two cells were separated accidentally did people suspect they might be bees.
The beer belly is a well-known example of a reference to a beverage Lakhtakia said. Dairy products also feature prominently in medical terms including milk patches
The eyes of potatoes are buds which will sprout into branches if left alone. The word potato comes from the Spanish patata.
Potatoes were used traditionally to make vodka although today most vodka is produced using fermented grains such as corn wheat or rye.
According to Guinness World records the largest potato grown was 7 lbs. 1 ounce (3. 2 kg.
The Inca in Peru were the first to cultivate potatoes growing the vegetables around 8000 B c. to 5000 B c. In 1536 Spanish Conquistadors conquered Peru
The first permanent potato patches in North america were established in 1719 most likely near Londonderry New hampshire by Scotch-Irish immigrants.
The layers of volanic ash and lake sediments at Laguna del Hunco have turned up some other amazing ancient plants including a fossilized tomatillo and the remains of eucalyptus buds and flowers.
Beer is the most popular alcoholic beverage and the country is known as the birthplace of a number of beer varieties including Pilsner Weizenbier (wheat beer) and Alt.
These beers were crafted according to Reinheitsgebot or the Purity Law a 16th century Bavarian law that decreed that beer could only be brewed from barley hops and water.
Brewers used the yeast available in the air. Brandy and schnapps are also favorite German alcoholic beverages. Germans have made tremendous contributions to classical music
and the traditions of famous German or Austrian composers such as Johann sebastian bach Wolfgang amadeus mozart Ludwig von Beethoven Johannes brahms Richard wagner and Gustav Mahler live on today.
With their penchant for precision and engineering it is not surprising that Germans have a strong tradition of printmaking by woodcut and engraving.
While the country s big beer bash is called Oktoberfest its starts each year on a Saturday in September and ends 16 to 18 days later on the first Sunday in October.
As the child of an alcoholic father Robert Dudley long wondered what caused the destructive allure of alcohol.
Had fruit-eating animals including human ancestors gained an evolutionary advantage by learning to associate the smell and taste of alcohol with ripe fruit?
Why We Drink and Abuse Alcohol (University of California Press 2014) that delves into the evolution of humans
'and other animals'attraction to fruit and as a result alcohol. 10 Easy Paths to Self-destruction Introducing the drunken monkey The concept goes like this:
which most people know better as alcohol. Fruit-eating animals everything from primates and other mammals to insects and reptiles began to use the scent of ethanol as a cue to find ripe fruit.
and stimulates the appetite of whatever consumes it (think of an aperitif). Scientists know little about the natural occurrence of ethanol
There is actually a much broader natural background of alcohol production within fruit and consumption by tens of thousands of species of animals Dudley told Live Science.
His theory casts an attraction to alcohol as an adaptation to the natural world. However in the modern one where booze is plentiful this adaptation produces a major public health problem for some people according to his hypothesis. His idea echoes the thrifty gene hypothesis which proposes that millennia of natural selection for an efficient metabolism led to diabetes
Likewise most people manage to drink without getting drunk often consuming low levels of ethanol with food he said.
The health effects of alcohol are another point of contention. Dudley cites studies showing beneficial effects of moderate ethanol consumption in a few animals and in humans.
Human cultures have been fermenting alcohol for thousands of years and generation after generation has learned to like it as a result The reason for this attraction probably has nothing to do with nutrition or health:
and fat (cakes for instance or pastries) or involves high intakes of caffeine or alcohol. Basically the nutrients found in healthy foods appear to work together to cause the brain to produce the feel-good hormone#serotonin
and those who used alcohol marijuana or other illicit substances were more likely to use hookah.
and less alcohol because alcohol can raise the level of uric acid in the blood. This article is for informational purposes only
That s good if your moldy food is an expensive vintage cheddar cheese! Molds are fungi.
or convert sugars to alcohol. They are heterotrophs meaning they can t make their own food (unlike plants.
and apple cider raw produce contaminated water improperly canned commercial foods smoked or salted fish cream sauces undercooked ground beef alfalfa sprouts raw
or kefir (a fermented milk drink) but it is more appropriate to call these products sources of live cultures rather than sources of probiotics the researchers said.
The drink is promoted as a healthy alternative to Coca-cola Pepsi and other soft drinks which are seen as part of a wider problem resulting from corrupt Western influences.
Just trust me on this this drink really will require flavoring Keith-Thomas Ayoob nutritionist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine told ABC News
or a caloric sweetener then the world probably doesn't need another drink that's just a source of sugar calories
although this drink will probably have its 15 minutes of fame because of its novelty. Follow Marc Lallanilla on Twitter and Google+.
because the acid created by mouth bacteria sticks around for 30 minutes after you eat or drink.
#Ancient Nordic Grog Intoxicated the Elite Ancient Scandinavians quaffed an alcoholic mixture of barley honey cranberries herbs
and even grape wine imported from Greece and Rome new research finds. This Nordic grog predates the Vikings.
It was found buried in tombs alongside warriors and priestesses and is now available at liquor stores across the United states thanks to a reconstruction effort by Patrick Mcgovern a biomolecular archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Delaware-based Dogfish Head Craft
Drink of the ancients Mcgovern began the journey toward uncovering the ingredients of ancient Nordic alcohol decades ago
The other three came from strainer cups used to serve wine found in Denmark and Sweden.
Beer brewing goes back at least 10000 years and ancient humans were endlessly creative in their recipes for intoxicants.
and Romans proved that southern Europeans were among the first wine snobs these authors dismissed Northern beverages as barley rotted in water.
In fact Nordic grog was a complex brew Mcgovern and his colleagues found. The ingredients included honey cranberries and lingonberries (acidic red berries that grow in Scandinavia.
Wheat rye and barley and occasionally imported grape wine from southern Europe formed a base for the drink.
Because the warrior had crafted well weapons in his tomb he was likely of high status. Pure mead was probably a drink for the elite
10 Intoxicating Beer Facts Delicious brew The grog was likely a high-class beverage Mcgovern said.
Dubbed Egtved Girl (pronounced eckt-VED) the corpse was buried wearing a wool string skirt with a bucket of grog at her feet.
In other graves wine-serving kits imported from southern Europe are associated also with women Mcgovern said.
and they were the ones that would serve it to the warriors he said The imported wine strainer cups
and traces of grape wine which was produced only in southern Europe suggest a robust trade network in this period Mcgovern said.
Northerners likely shipped Baltic amber southward in return for the wine and drinking utensils. With Mcgovern's help Dogfish Head recreated the Nordic grog in October 2013 using wheat berries honey and herbs.
The only difference was that Dogfish Head's brew contains a few hops the bittering agents used in most modern beers.
Hops weren't used in beers in Europe until the 1500s. Dogfish Head's grog is called Kvasir a name that hints at its roots.
In Nordic legend Kvasir was created a wise man by gods spitting into a jar. Two dwarfs later murdered Kvasir and mixed his blood with honey creating a beverage that was said to confer wisdom and poetry onto the drinker.
The grog tastes sour like a Belgian lambic Mcgovern said. But there are other options available to those who want a taste of Bronze age Europe.
The Swedish brewery Nynã¤shamns Ãgbryggeri created another version of grog called Arketyp and it is available at state liquor stores in Sweden.
And on the Swedish island of Gotland locals still brew a mixture of barley honey juniper
Additionally the yeast in kefir transforms lactose into carbon dioxide (with a small amount of alcohol.
This gives kefir its characteristic carbonation earning it the nickname the champagne of milk. The different preparations result in different consistencies.
While yogurt is a creamy semisolid kefir is a bubbly drink. Kefir offers a number of established and potential health benefits.
and shares features with the fermented dairy drink kefir. Like kefir yogurt probiotics and other products containing live bacterial cultures buttermilk reportedly has numerous health benefits as proponents claim.
Though some people drink buttermilk straight cooks also often add it to recipes in place of milk sour cream or other dairy products.
and positive spirits and expressed gratitude that after the miserable U s. government shutdown put the entire project
and collaborating together#said Todgham raising a blue plastic cafeteria water glass filled with sauvignon blanc to toast the group.
or alcohol according to the December 2013 paper published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
#Ancient People of Teotihuacan Drank Milky Alcohol, Pottery Suggests Ancient pottery confirms people made and drank a milky alcoholic concoction at one of the largest cities in prehistory Teotihuacan in Mexico researchers say.
This liquor may have helped provide the people of this ancient metropolis with essential nutrients during frequent shortfalls in staple foods scientists added.
A number of these paintings may also depict scenes of people drinking a milky alcoholic potion known as pulque
but these liquors are made from the baked hearts of these crops not the sap.)Prior studies hinted that pulque might have helped keep people in Teotihuacan alive.
Maguey withstands frost and drought better than maize and pulque could have provided vital calories most essential nutrients and probiotic bacteria.
To learn more about the diet and culture of the people of Teotihuacan scientists analyzed more than 300 sherds
They focused on residues of the alcohol-making bacterium Zymomonas mobilis which gives pulque its punch.
This project pushed the detection limits of absorbed organic residue analysis said lead study author Marisol Correa-Ascencio an archaeological chemist at the University of Bristol in England.
The scientists discovered 14 sherds with the earliest direct chemical evidence for the making of pulque in Central america.
It s the bitter taste that started all of this supertaster stuff. In 1931 American chemist Arthur Fox accidentally released a cloud of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) powder into his laboratory.
His colleague complained that it tasted intensely bitter while Fox tasted nothing. They tasted it again with the same result.
He found that some found it intensely bitter some mildly bitter and others could not taste anything.
During these experiments Bartoshuk noticed that these supertasters had a more dense covering of structures that contain taste buds (known as fungiform papillae) on their tongue.
But being a supertaster might also put you off healthy bitter foods such as broccoli Brussels sprouts or asparagus.
because it s also present in many wines made from the grape Shiraz (or Syrah).
These wines are noted often for their spicy or peppery characteristics. So when wine experts describe a Shiraz as peppery they re not making it up it contains the same chemical as pepper.
So are some people more sensitive to smell? Sure just as some are more sensitive to taste to light (such as Bono who claims to have sensitive eyes) and to other stimuli.
and smell are essentially little chemistry labs that conduct loads of experiments to determine which chemicals are present in food drinks and air.
While the hors d'oeuvres were in keeping with the intrepid spirit of the evening Gene Rurka the man behind the menu had another motive in serving creepy crawlies to A-list explorers.
and the production of a range of food products including soy sauce blue cheese bread beer and wine.
Alcohol: Avoid alcohol during pregnancy Krieger advised. Alcohol in the mother's blood can pass directly to the baby through the umbilical cord.
Heavy use of alcohol during pregnancy has been linked with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders a group of conditions that can include physical problems as well as learning and behavioral difficulties in babies and children according to the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC. Fish with high levels of mercury: Seafood such as swordfish shark king mackerel and tilefish are high in levels of methyl mercury according to the Academy of Nutrition
and Dietetics and should be avoided. Methyl mercury is a toxic chemical that can pass through the placenta
and healthy oils rather than with white rice white bread potatoes sugary drinks or other refined carbohydrates Chowdhury said.
Vodka is a popular alcoholic drink traditionally made from the distillation of fermented potatoes. Beer and tea are consumed also widely.
Russians observe Christmas on January 7 as a public holiday according to the Julian calendar used by the Russian orthodox church.
and beverages including coffee red wine black tea colas dark sauces and various fruits such as grapes blueberries and pomegranates have the greatest potential to stain teeth.
Tannin a bitter compound found in wine and tea also helps chromogens attach to tooth enamel. Additionally smoking and chewing tobacco are well-known culprits behind extrinsic stains as is poor dental hygiene
and a batch with unwanted ingredients. 10 Things You Need to Know About Coffee Coffee shortage According to a 2013 report from the National Coffee Association 83 percent of Americans drink coffee up from 78
Coffee tea grape juice and red wine make interesting egg dyes. Plant materials from fruits vegetables and kitchen spices can also be used to make interesting dyes.
Basal body temperature can be affected by alcohol consumption cigarettes not enough sleep and a fever or cold so be sure to take those aspects into consideration.
while other foods and drink can lower your chances of getting pregnant. Caffeine has not been proven to affect a woman's ability to get pregnant
and limit their alcohol intake. Related: Trying to Conceive: Tips for Men Seafood and fish have gotten a bad rap with mercury counts
Things like diet tobacco and alcohol; infections and chronic inflammation; but also environmental pollutants; and genetics.
Some good news many cancers can be prevented. 30%of cancers are preventable through not using tobacco having a healthy diet being physically active limiting alcohol use
It is like each sandstone rock is inhabited by a spirit which by magic controls the erosion to carve the ugly rock into right great shape.
Alcohol: Which Is Really Worse for Your Health? The question of whether alcohol or marijuana is worse for health is being debated once again this time sparked by comments that President Barack Obama made in a recent interview with The New yorker magazine.
As has been documented well I smoked pot as a kid and I view it as a bad habit
I don't think it is more dangerous than alcohol. But how apt is the comparison between these substances?
Both alcohol consumption and pot smoking can take a toll on the body showing both short
-and long-term health effects though alcohol has been linked to some 88000 deaths per year according to the CDC
And research into marijuana's health effects is still in its infancy compared with the rigorous studies looking at alcohol and human health.
Short-term health consequences Drinking too much alcohol can quickly kill a person. The inability to metabolize alcohol as quickly as it is consumed can lead to a buildup of alcohol in the brain that shuts down areas necessary for survival such as those involved with heartbeat
and respiration. 7 Ways Alcohol Affects Your Health You can die binge-drinking five minutes after you've been exposed to alcohol.
That isn't going to happen with marijuana said Ruben Baler a health scientist at the National Institute on Drug abuse.
and blood pressure but a person can't fatally overdose on pot like they can with alcohol Baler said.
Alcohol is more likely than marijuana to interact with other drugs. The way that alcohol is metabolized
or broken down in the body is common to many drugs that are taken for a variety of conditions said Gary Murray acting director of the Division of Metabolism and Health Effects at the National Institute on Alcohol abuse and Alcoholism.
This means that for people taking drugs or medications while drinking the alcohol can increase
Excess alcohol is going to lead to very severe consequences and chronic excess alcohol is the most likely to lead to a lot of threatening issues Murray said.
Drinking can lead to alcoholic liver disease which can progress to fibrosis of the liver which in turn can potentially lead to liver cancer Murray said.
Unlike alcohol Baler said the effects of chronic marijuana use are established not as well. Animal studies have indicated some possible impact on reproduction.
Benefits There is no known medical use for consumed alcohol but there are health benefits observed in moderate drinkers including lower rates of cardiovascular disease
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