technology and online services to boost job creation, promote economic prosperity and improve the daily lives of all Europeans
to job creation, including in new emerging professions, as well as supporting smart growth Ultimately, ICT should enable users to better manage their health and lifestyle, with
health promotion. Changes in lifestyle, empowerment of patients and relatives and better collaboration among the actors at different levels of the care chain are key
retired person there will be only 2 people working (the present ratio is 1: 4 While this trend poses extraordinary challenges in terms of adequate assistance
able to perform unpredictable tasks and work semi -autonomously, will reduce the physical commitment needed from human carers.
The T-Seniority pilot project developed a solution based on DIGITAL TV specifically tailored for elderly people. Using a TV SET
the T-Seniority solution has been implemented and currently used in sites in Spain UK and France, reaching more than 1750 users as well as
T-Seniority This project enables the elderly to obtain local and general interest information, to can
T-Seniority helps to strengthen social relationships and to fight the isolation often experienced by the elderly and bridges physical, psychological and generational gaps
The system developed works indoors, with small and low cost changes needed in the user†s
for online registration of new companies or getting the unemployment rights, are not yet fully met
personalisation of services to better respond to users†needs and the promotion of more open, proactive and transparent administrations
and for citizens to study, work reside and retire anywhere in the EU. Key to this strategy is the development of large
of goods, services and works by the EU public sector is estimated to be almost 20%of EU GDP (2010 figures.
The European services sector accounts for 75%of the EU€ s GDP and employment and the 4. 4 million firms in this sector generate 95%of all new jobs.
and planned their next strike. We are facing an asymmetrical threat; unless addressed, this asymmetrical threat will have locked the defenders into
give advice and work bi-directionally), near-zero energy buildings and more energy-efficient transport systems.
i e. patients, medical staff and visitors. Hospilot works in two main areas: lighting and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and
Air conditioning), which account for nearly 80%of all energy use in hospitals Energy saving is also very important in social housing.
in normal houses and working environments It has a threefold goal: improving energy efficiency, increasing the penetration of
and works with existing logistics. It has been designed to work for any data centre, Computing style, Monitoring and Automation
flow volume and work with the resulting rate of accidents per million miles traveled or some
The idea of a substitution for motor vehicle travel is represented also well by teleworking or e
individual worker to work at home or at a teleworking center that is nearer the worker†s
residence than his/her usual work place. As obvious as this should be as a way of eliminating
travel, it is not at all clear that this has been successful. This is due in part to the number of
2004) suggests that teleworking would have only a minor impact in terms of reducing emissions, and it is reasonable to assume that the same is true for fuel use and the other correlates
established the short-term transportation and air-quality benefits of teleworking at the disaggregate level (e g.
due to relatively small amounts of teleworking and due to long-term (secondary) impacts counteracting the short-term savings (Mokhtarian, 1998.
) There is, however, still some potential for growth of adoption of teleworking given the type of jobs that lend themselves to this practice;
but actual teleworking remains below its potential level ICT Innovation and Sustainability of the Transport Sector
impacts (substitution of work travel by not-for-work travel and moving further to work E-office (internet, e-mail, portable
computers, tele-servicing Possibly reduces travel during work. May cause increase of long distance travel because of more on the move-move working
options E-meeting (tele-and videoconferencing) Reduces travel needs to a limited extent, cannot substitute key
non-work purposes by teleworkers, and 2) long-term effects, like relocation at a greater physical distance from work
The lateral control task works by infrared sensors that measure variation in reflection of the standard markers on the road surface.
Exceptions are impacts of teleworking on travel demand and the impacts of ICT use in the
1. Executive Summary...3 2. Ireland†s Healthcare Challenge...6 2. 1 Where we stand today...
from senior officials from the Health Services Executive, the Department of health and Children, the Department of Finance and the Health Information and Quality Authority
1. Executive Summary Continued progress in critical elements of Ireland†s healthcare service, including patient
executives and external experts from the medical, academic and business communities to provide ongoing advice on the exploitation potential of
staff levels remain high; there remains frequent duplication of effort; and opportunities for economies of scale have been missed.
Anecdotal and real data demonstrate excessive costs for overtime, medical card payments and drugs compared with European averages.
supported that work The lack of standardised systems restricts our ability to deliver information where it†s
Consultants and clinicians across the country are frustrated by this lack of technology and its impact on day to day operations,
and staff are proud to provide†The expectation that citizens have of healthcare services continues to rise, and steps
dependants) in partnership with medical staff At the same time, the adoption of mobile and digital services in other areas of life will
resources, and a more satisfying work environment for the staff. Such a system should ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
of scarce resources (staff, beds, theatres, equipment), and tracking solutions can ensure that resources can be located when needed.
independent living and better self management, and should result in fewer emergency admissions ICT€ s Role in Healthcare Transformation
help a patient set and meet self management goals; similarly, a medical office assistant may use recall reports from the system to proactively schedule follow-up appointments
decrease in test redundancy and unnecessary duplication. When combined with Electronic Transfer of Prescription, it also improves clinical processes for ordering
staff and equipment) and leveraged additional benefit from existing ICT investments. A small number of these are described now
on the ward, the medical staff will be able to see some basic details of the patient
they are â€oeaccepted†by the ward staff, and a further message is sent to the wireless phone,
The staff on the ward can see that the patient has been accepted using the electronic whiteboard
Fewer unnecessary interruptions for medical staff to take phone calls Improved patient safety, as the system tracks the patient from first call to the first
Service facilities, including 10,000 private health staff, 220 pharmacies, 80 hospitals, 5 government administration regions, all public health ministries'resort areas and 150,000
The claims office were constantly fielding calls from consultants seeking updates on claims relevant to their patients.
with providing its geographically dispersed medical staff with ways to collaborate, share ideas and quickly call upon the advice of experts in different fields.
Consequently SMSA-BH patients who needed to seek consultation with specialists had to wait as long
promotion/screening etc GP/PCT/PHECC Acute Hospitals/Specialist Hospitals Population Level â Targeted health
eyes of both staff and the public. This improved perception should improve morale within the health service,
Stimulate direct job creation and business opportunities: Provide a stimulus to the 70,000 person, â 20bn ICT industry by protecting
executives and external experts from the medical, academic and business communities to provide ongoing advice on the exploitation potential of
Healthcare ICT Strategy, Overview Presentation, Jun 2009, G. Hurl, Health Service Executive The Economics of IT and Hospital Performance, 2007, Pricewaterhousecoopers
1 See the Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV Consultations for Italy (IMF Country Report 12/167
COMTRADE, IMF staff calculations ï Scale-Intensive industries; where innovations are derived mainly from the exploitation of economies of scale.
COMTRADE, Fund staff calculations Deviation from EU average, percentage points -10 -5 0 5 10 Science-Based
Bank of Italy, ECB, IMF staff calculations 9 -15 -10 -5 0 5 Costs Prices Supply-Chain Based Real Effective Exchange rates
IMF Staff have developed alternative measures that address the implications of global supply chains on the assessment of price competitiveness.
Past Fund Staff research has emphasized the important role of non-price factors in supporting Italy†s export performance
Recent Fund staff research confirms Italy†s continued success in maintaining the high quality of its export mix.
ISTAT, IMF staff calculations 11 rapidly seeking out new destinations, building a global reputation, outsourcing low value
DOTS, IMF staff calculations 12 à¢á à¢à¢à¢‘à¢à oe à¢à¢à¢à à¢à¢à¢à à¢à¢‘à¢à ࢿ
Article IV Staff Reports for Italy; available at http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13298. pdf and
IMF Staff calculations using BACI database, developed by Gaulier & Zingano 2010 19 Appendix Shift-Share Analysis and Competitiveness (from ECB, 2012
. and M. Pianta, 2010, â€oeinnovation and Employment: a Reinvestigation Using Revised Pavitt Classes, †Research Policy, Elsevier, Vol. 39 (6), pp. 799†809
-ondly, the number of healthcare workers is expected to diminish relative to the total population (without changes to the healthcare system, 25%of the working population
would be needed to provide today†s level of care by 2040 in a typical western coun
Section 5 concludes the paper providing directions for future work 2 ICT innovation in Healthcare
An example of indirect method is proposed in 8. This work aims to identify hy -pertensive patients who do not adhere to prescribed medication using an ontology
disease and leave unrestricted access to some information which may reveal his medi -cal condition.
This work has been done in the context of the THECS project which is supported by the Dutch national program COMMIT
vis-Ã-vis non-innovative SMES in terms of sales turnover, employment, and investment Thereafter, it probes the relationship between innovation and growth of SMES by (i
training centre and started work in Helsinki, Finland in 1985. The Institute undertakes applied research and policy analysis on structural changes
Work is carried out by staff researchers and visiting scholars in Helsinki and through networks of
along with investment growth and employment growth on gross value-added growth by means of multiple regression analysis. The paper brings out substantial evidence to
innovations, employment generation, export promotion, etc. Of these, the ability of SMES to innovate assumes significance
with innovative ideas and technically skilled employees. Similarly, there must be a market demand for the innovated products in the form of an explicit customer demand or
growth of sales turnover, investment, and employment? In other words, does innovation contribute to SME performance directly?
Internal factors could be self-motivation, technical education background, work experience, and innovative ideas of entrepreneurs.
employment resulting in the growth of firm size. It is with the above theoretical framework that we have set the objectives of the study
•To ascertain the growth rates of sales turnover, investment, and employment of innovative SMES vis-Ã-vis non-innovative SMES
sales, and data on economic variables such as employment, investment, sales turnover etc. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was ensured and based on the
knowledge and experience of the authors, discussions held with industry experts and representatives of SME associations.
What is more significant is that it was to gain self employment by implementing their innovative ideas and/or to exploit market opportunities that majority
both internal factors such as self-motivation, technical education background, work experience, and innovative ideas of entrepreneurs on the one hand, and external factors
or manpower utilization or improve inventory management or enter the international market. The relative rankings of innovative SMES are given in Table 6. It is clear that the
investment and employment for innovative and non-innovative SMES is appropriate 5 Innovative and non-innovative SMES:
employment The growth performance of SMES has been analysed in terms of sales turnover investment, and employment. The growth performance has been analysed for all the
SMES of each sector†for innovative and non-innovative SMES separately and within the innovative group of SMES, for innovative SMES which involved in new product and
We have gathered data on sales at current prices as well as on employment and the current value of investment (in plant and machinery) from the SMES of auto, electronics
calculation of the growth of employment is fairly simple, it is necessary to make the five
Table 7 presents the figures for the growth of sales, investment, and employment for innovative and non-innovative SMES.
and employment in all the three sectors. However, the growth rates of the three variables differ within as well as between sectors.
then employment. In fact, employment of non-innovative SMES declined absolutely. In the electronics and machine tool sectors, sales growth was higher than that of investment
and investment growth was higher than that of employment for both innovative and non -innovative SMES.
In the electronics sector, non-innovative SMES registered negative growth in terms of investment and employment. Overall, the growth analyses for the
three sectors clearly indicate that innovative SMES are better off relative to non -innovative SMES If innovative SMES are compared better off to non-innovative SMES,
and labour would depend more on how far they have been able to satisfy their customers†needs and requirements rather than on the nature of
well as that of labour, has a significant influence on the rate of growth of sales turnover of innovative SMES
Similarly, Kg and Lg are CARG of capital and labour respectively, during 2001/2†2005/6 and ISP is average percentage of innovated products
variables of labour and capital, we have not used any interaction term for the present analysis
important is the increase in capital as well as labour. Thus if an innovative SME could expand the scale of production in terms of capital
and labour and achieve an increase in innovation sales, it will be able to experience a significant improvement in the growth of
not only sales turnover but also employment and investment in all the three sectors. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between innovation sales and sales
along with investment growth and employment growth, had a positive influence on GVA growth, in all the three sectors.
Staff Working Paper 441. WASHINGTON DC: World bank Cosh, A, . and A. Hughes (eds)( 1996). †The Changing State of British Enterprise
Manpower utilization 7 7 4 15 14 11 12 12 11 2. 1 1. 8 2. 3
Employment 14.43-14.63 7. 06-20.34 6. 87 3. 27 Note:**Number of SMES Table 8:
Employment 13.95 16.79 7. 04 4. 05 3. 55 11.3 Note:**NP&P=new products & processes, IP&P=improved products & processes,**number of SMES
-Work experience -Innovative ideas External Factors Market Pressure -Customer demand -Market opportunities -Suppliers of equipments
Growth of Sales, Employment and Investment Drivers Dimensions Achievements Outcomes
www. oecd. org/publishingwith the financial assistance of the European union -HSTCQE=U Y UZ: isbn 978-92-64-08460-581 2010 07 1 P
identify good practice and work to coordinate domestic and international policies The OECD member countries are:
the European communities takes part in the work of the OECD OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation†s statistics gathering
This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-general of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the
The Expert Group provided technical input and feedback on the work at three meetings convened during the course of the project
An additional expert meeting was organised by the BIAC at OECD Headquarters in 2007 under the OECD Labour Management Programme
The authors would like to express particular thanks to country experts who aided in the implementation of case studies,
and those members of national administrations who took the time to help the Secretariat. In
assisted the Secretariat as an outside expert consultant on background work for the chapter on monitoring
clinical staff actions and workflows, by facilitating tasks such as medication reconciliation, and by bringing evidence-based, patient-centred decision
initiatives to increase provider awareness, including through the promotion of adverse event reporting Chronic disease is the biggest obstacle to the sustainability of many public
effect on staff productivity. The evidence in the health sector is, however generally mixed depending on the context and the technology used
here, experts in Massachusetts (United states) reported huge administrative cost savings as a result of introducing electronic claim processing through
financial incentives (e g. bonus payments) to the adoption and use of ICTS for specific tasks or conditions where the public health benefit is recognised
Health information can be extremely sensitive and professional ethics in health care demands a strict adherence to confidentiality.
despite more than a decade of promotion and significant public investment There are large variations particularly in the adoption and use of
improving clinical staff actions/workflows and bringing evidence-based patient-centred decision support to the point of care
sheets, were developed to guide daily work, and substantial efforts were made to foster self management The most frequently cited effect of ICTS on efficiency is related to
reduced utilisation of health care services On efficiency, or value for money, the most frequently cited positive
staff productivity. The evidence in the health sector is, however, generally mixed. ICTS can reduce some of the work involved in collecting patient
information and getting it to where it is needed. Effects on physician†s time however, vary significantly
since labour typically represents the lion's share of dispensing costs in community pharmacies. This could improve customer
satisfaction, while also allowing staff to provide new services that could help diversify the pharmacy's revenue base
Among the case studies, experts in Massachusetts reported staggering administrative cost savings as a result of introducing electronic claims
Claims that cost USD 5. 00 to submit in labour costs per CHAPTER 1. GENERATING VALUE FROM HEALTH ICTS †41
care is a labour-intensive and time-consuming process and generally occurs retroactively Case studies show that automated data collection
and performance experts to develop standardised and nationally-recognised metrics that can be used to monitor impacts on quality and cost of
plan and employer) are the ones most likely to reap the significant savings The authors examined disease management programmes for four conditions
promotions, etc •Set in place a system of quality control to monitor and maintain quality levels
Employment, Labour and Social affairs, OECD Publishing www. oecd. org/els/health/workingpapers Rosen, B. 1989), â€oeprofessional Reimbursement and Professional Behavior
and GPS stood to achieve additional income amounting to 30%of their salary. This required a 20%increase in the NHS GP budget
The bonus payments authorised by ARRA offer significant inducement for providers to adopt and use EHRS
Beaulieu, N d. and D. R. Horrigan (2005), â€oeputting Smart money to Work for Quality Improvementâ€, Health Services Research, Vol. 40
Committee in the United states (Certification and Adoption Work Group meeting of 14 july 2009) 5 recently noted the issues listed below pertaining
ergonomics, and clinical decision support In Alberta, the products that were tested and conform to VCUR are
disclosures could affect areas such as employment status, access to health insurance and other forms of insurance,
recruitment became a preeminent concern for the HIE enterprise, if it was to be viable.
applications in their clinical work, and this propensity may in turn, be linked to the level of skill and competence of providers, as well as to incentives
reduce redundancies in the establishment of a national/local e-health strategy. They are used commonly by countries
Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social affairs, OECD Publishing, Paris OECD (2009), OECD Health Data 2009 †Statistics and Indicators for 30
been noted by GPS, allied professionals, staff in hospitals and the Western Australia Country Health Services.
promotion activity, as well as education and capacity building •Outreach models are characterised by the periodic supply of a range of
dedication of its staff, the not for profit nature of the partnership and the extensive expertise in software development
deliverables of value to all the potential beneficiaries, engaging physicians in the work of jointly pursuing primary care renewal and better care for patients in the North
positive working relationships and partnerships between NHA staff and physicians. This is evident at the local level through physician and
The project originated with a medical professional organisation interested in promoting the quality and safety of medical care.
leaders and experts in quality and safety to help set the agenda and facilitate the process
as well instant access and sharing with the stroke unit experts at Son Dureta •Integrated picture archiving and communications system (PACS) for
to work. Central to the programme, Ib-Salut†s Hospital Son Dureta in Palma ANNEX A. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES †143
The work of locum GPS is demanding because of patients with a wide range of problems and needs and of the
information system tested and approved by professional associations 2) implement a patient management system within two years from the
independent expert organisation providing guidance on infrastructure and standards related to the national EHR effort. It is funded by the Ministry of
overlapping work streams. Activity on work stream 1 has focused on collecting information on how OECD countries are monitoring health ICTS
specifically on surveys or data collections that are considered useful from a policy perspective and the most common indicators used today
On work stream 2, the project has proceeded in several phases. First, a scoping paper was commissioned to review the strength of the available
and consider how the work could best be carried out. Given the dearth of data, the workshop concluded that
A group of OECD experts in health information technology was established to help guide the work, the development of a framework for the
selection and analysis of case studies and interpretation of results. The group included expert delegations from 18 OECD member countries, the Business
Industry Advisory Committee to the OECD, the European commission and the World Health Organisation. The group met three times during
determined together with experts of the host country and by an assessment of the characteristics of the proposed case studies, including the variables
1 Executive Summary 4 2 Introduction 6 2. 1 Purpose of Synthesis report 6 2. 2 Structure of this report 6
been guidance to the different work packages and structuring the relation between the work packages
The IPF has been organised in six work packages, each headed by one of the consortium members.
VINNOVA has coordinated and managed the project. Five of these work packages have focused on identifying
and developing better practices to support SMES (the WP2, WP3 and WP5), or to identify
1 Executive Summary 1) The proposal submitted by the consortium is denoted INNO-Partnering Forum, or in short IPF in the Synthesis Report
training, recruitment support etc. is equally important. Moreover, agencies should evaluate companies†entire business prospects rather than
future work. It presents -IPF as a learning platform that facilitates collaboration and learning among organisations
organisation of the work This is followed by presenting the main lessons learned from the network/learning platform, the
that has governed the work processes. It presents the definitions of the model and the key processes
work packages, with a description of experiences from the processes and recommendations, both with regard to the tools in themselves and with
4. Foster mutual learning by facilitating staff exchanges (optional) between public innovation funding agencies from different countries
participate in staff exchange programmes. This activity was carried however never out during the IPF 5. Contribute to the development of new and
to the different work packages, structuring the relation between them. These relations are illustrated in figure 1
a way to structure the relation between the work packages of the IPF and the organisation of the
Work packages Identification and analysis of good practises of policy initiatives Service Delivery System Design
The IPF has been organised in six work packages each headed by one of the consortium members
The work has been conducted with an approach to facilitate and maximise networking and exchange of
and contribute to the work and to incorporate positive group dynamics in to the processes All groups have worked with the challenges
Five of these work packages have focused on the identification and development of better practices to support SMES (the WP2, WP3 and
the synthesis of the results of the work package The common framework and the segmentation
1. Work package 1 has allocated responsibilities with regard to the management of the INNO Partnering Forum Council
2. Work package 2 included peer reviews of European agencies and programmes in order to identify and to analyse good practises
3. Work package 3 included twinning, i e. working with transferring good practices from one policy context to another policy context (e g
4. Work package 4 included evaluating, testing and elaborating new quality management systems that have the purpose to improve
5. Work package 5 included peer reviews of good practices at innovation agencies outside of Europe
6. Work package 6 included improving delivery of innovation support services to SMES The consortium has held regular meetings
working actively in different work packages and also used IT-tools such as Linkedin (www. linkedin
or work processes that guides users on how the language should be applied when analysing and transferring good practices between
invited experts from European innovation support agencies to participate in peer review panels and as hosts for peer reviews.
•The work processes have also been positive in generating new networks and broadened the
tools need active promotion and support at participants†sites, at least as long they are not
Council and to attract reviewers/experts. The open calls were used also to get support schemes
used in Work package 2 focused on reviewing policy instruments, but also in Work package 5
and 6 •A twinning method used to redesign good practices from one policy context to another
in Work package 3, focused on transfer of good practices between policy contexts •EFQM has been adopted to identify and assess
agencies, mainly used in Work package 4 on efficiency and effectiveness in agency operations •Guidelines for design of service delivery
systems, mainly done in Work package 6 on service delivery systems •The Conceptual Framework and the
Segmentation method developed in Work package 1 can also be regarded as part of the IPFTOOL set
obtained in the work with identification and analysis of good practises. However, assessment and description of transferability need further
template driven process that works well. The questionnaires, templates and other documents that supports the peer review have been very
The work package has established a model for the conduct of peer reviews •However, there are areas for improvement
•In the future one should perhaps work more with Twinning advanced, involving learning between experienced actors.
•The work package has developed tools and guidelines so that other agencies can start implementing the EFQM model by themselves
At the same time the experience of the work package is that it is beneficial to work with other
foundation to work from and such funds must be able to commit themselves to companies with a high growth potential
training, recruitment support etc. is often more important •Evaluate companies, their management IMPROVING INNOVATION SUPPORT TO SMES
SMES to work with innovation management and not only in R&d and product development. This involves broadening the innovation concept to
regulatory changes that allowed employers to provide their employees with cheap PCS which in turn drove demand of broadband and Internet
services. Another approach has been developed in IMPROVING INNOVATION SUPPORT TO SMES 17 South korea where subsidies for large companies
staff and knowledge and quality is based often on the quality of individual advisers. However personal meetings are valued highly by their
clients. It seems that human interfaces may be the most efficient way of delivering innovation support in the following circumstances â€
but still need staff to update links and cooperate with other funding agencies. The codification of human knowledge
effect is the loss of ability of the human expert to innovate and to adapt to new circumstances
membership and the access to leading experts IPF is a platform where meetings take place and
pick which work packages to be involved in. In this approach external experts can be included when needed.
However, the ones that apply for participating in projects need to be committed to these processes
•Work with capacity building in less developed countries and regions The remaining issues should be discussed and
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