The following consultants to ITU provided substantive inputs: Pantelis Koutroumpis Chapter 4) and Sriganesh Lokanathan (Chapter 5). Andrã Wills, Fernando Callorda and Shazna Zuhyle
The work was carried out under the overall direction of Cosmas Zavazava, Chief Project Support and Knowledge management Department, Telecommunication Development Bureau
gender, employment status, etc. or possible level of disability, can access the Internet within the privacy and proximity of their own home.
growth by increasing labour productivity enlarging enterprises†market reach, saving costs and driving innovation (Partnership, 2014
welfare, finance and labour. In Africa, 31 per cent of countries provided online information on social welfare and 65 per cent on finance
its work in July 2014. Its final report is expected to be submitted to the President of the United
labour productivity, enlarging enterprises†market reach, saving on costs and fostering innovation Access to new technologies is important for
opportunities related to employment, education health, governance or peace-building, thus accelerating progress towards the achievement
Its methodological work has contributed significantly to the collection of solid evidence on ICT developments worldwide
employment As more and more people join the information society and high-speed communication networks become an indispensable
education, labour, etc. all of which are crucial to monitoring the MDGS, and the future SDGS.
Each member contributes to the work of the Partnership within its specific mandate and competence.
and statistical experts to discuss ICT measurement. Today, the Partnership is recognized internationally as the authoritative
work in 2005,2007, 2009,2010, 2012 and 2014. Its core list of 57 ICT indicators, covering many aspects of the information
The methodological work developed by the Partnership has contributed significantly to the collection of evidence on ICT developments worldwide
public-sector organizations, ICT-related employment data, as well as data related to online security and cybercrime, gender
following in its work programme: 31 •To make an inventory of ongoing activities and concrete examples regarding the use
standards and norms, human resources research, training, quality, volatility and with priority, confidentiality, access to data and legislation related to big data
may however differ because of varying labour costs across countries and regions, but that is only a part of the total CAPEX of
discussion in ITU, in consultation with experts Indicator definitions and the IDI methodology are discussed in the ITU Expert Group on
Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) and the ITU Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators EGH)( Box 2. 1
The 2014 edition of the IDI reflects updates to indicator definitions and reference values agreed
Much of ITU€ s work in the area of indicator definitions and statistical methodologies is carried out through its two expert
groups: the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators EGTI) and the Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH
Created in 2009 and 2012, respectively, these two expert groups revise and review ITU€ s supply-side
and demand-side statistics and discuss methodological issues and new indicators. Both groups, which are open to all ITU members and to experts in the
field of ICT statistics and data collection, work through online discussion forums and annual face-to-face meetings.
Interested experts are invited to join the EGTI and/or the EGH discussion forum to share experiences, contribute to the
Republic of korea to work towards a definition of 5g. Furthermore, it launched a public -private partnership on 5g (5g PPP) in late 2013
on the one hand, and transient labourers on the other. While virtually all Qataris and westerners have an Internet connection at home
much lower among transient labourers (24 per cent). ) Therefore, â€oeincreasing the penetration of newer devices such as smartphones and tablets
like the transient labour population†is one of the policy recommendations brought forward by the
subsidized smartphones and promotions on mobile data plans. 35 During 2013, operators further extended their wireless infrastructure and services
employees and property income) from abroad. 38 It is the total domestic and foreign output by residents of a country and
relationship works, and should not be interpreted as identifying a causal relationship between the IDI and MDG indicators.
more than 300 volunteer village malaria health workers were trained to test for malaria and directly observe the treatment
as well as the household access data, excludes transient labourers, which account for a significant proportion of residents in Qatar.
worker and expatriate populations. Data from household surveys show that the actual number of people using a mobile-cellular phone is
i e. including expatriate/transient workers. Data from United arab emirates are estimated by ITU based on base data excluding the transient worker population
12 Reported in activated external capacity 13 http://www. ofca. gov. hk/en/industry focus/telecommunications/facility based/infrastructures/submarine cables/index
promotions for ADSL services with some of the most advantageous prices in the region USD 6. 1, by far the cheapest price offered by
for low-income households or the promotion of public Internet access centres (based on either commercial or public schemes
sectors and self employment †and other barriers to consumption expenditure, such as access and availability of products, may be relevant. 34 Data
rents, profits and labour income) from abroad. The Atlas method smooths exchange-rate fluctuations by using a three-year
31 Household incomes include wages, salaries, self employment incomes, capital and property income, private transfers and
-economic well-being, forecast unemployment and analyse societal ties. Big data from the ICT industry play a particularly important
Polgreen, 2014), predict unemployment claims in the United states (Choi and Varian, 2009) and Germany (Askitas and Zimmermann, 2009), and
supplement traditional labour statistics in the United States7 and other countries. In another effort, an academic project at MIT known as the
with promotions and incentives aimed at converting off-net connections into on-net users •Mobility profile:
of services and create targeted promotions Furthermore, social network insights can be used by an operator to market its services to
see Box 5. 8). Cross-promotions with brick-and -mortar businesses are a potentially high-growth
) Similar work in Haiti showed how mobile phone data was used to track the spread of cholera after the 2010
way to the work done by Frias-Martinez and Virseda (2012) on estimating socioeconomic variables using mobile-phone usage data, as
retention of staff with the necessary skills as one of their main challenges, and identified intensive
training and capacity development of their staff as a prerequisite to being able to exploit new big
facilitate the work that needs to be done by NRAS and NSOS, through awareness raising and engagement on privacy frameworks, data
This positioning method works best for cell areas with a radius greater than 500m, so it
Other work has sought to understand international societal ties in Rwanda (Joshua E. Blumenstock, 2011) and the effects of migration on
Askitas, N. and Zimmermann, K. F. 2009), Google econometrics and unemployment forecasting. Retrieved from http://ftp. iza. org/dp4201. pdf
Choi, H. and Varian, H. 2009), Predicting initial claims for unemployment benefits. Retrieved from http://static. googleusercontent. com/media/research. google. com/en//archive/papers/initialclaimsus. pdf
3 This definition reflects the revisions agreed upon by the ITU Expert Group on ICT Household Indicators (EGH) at its meeting
for the IPB was agreed upon by the ITU Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators EGTI) 1 and endorsed by the eighth World
was agreed upon by the ITU Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) 9 in 2012, and revised in 2013 by EGTI in view of the
1 The Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) was created in May 2009 with the mandate to revise the list
EGTI is open to all ITU members and experts in the field of ICT statistics and data collection.
It works through an online discussion forum (http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/Expertgroup/default. asp) and face-to-face meetings.
11 These rules were presented to the Expert Group on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators (EGTI) in September 2012.
1) Labour force Survey 2013.2) Cambodia Inter-censal Population Survey. 3) Refers to PC, laptop or a tablet. 4) Data
1) Labour force Survey 2013.2) Corresponds to all type of internet connections. 3) Data correspond to dwellings (not
1) Individuals aged 15 years and over. 2) Population age 16-74.3) Labour force Survey 2013.4) Individuals aged 6 and over
networks only. 4) As of 2012 it includes also FTTH. 5) Expert assessment, based on the data provided by 89.1%of operators
global executive study and research project In collaboration with Research Report 2013 Copyright  2013. Massachusetts institute of technology.
managing consultant at Capgemini Consulting and visiting scientist at MIT€ s Center for Digital Business
2/Executive summary 3/Introduction •Brewing up Change at starbucks •About the research
workers legacy technology innovation fatigue Politics sidebar: intel Gets urgent 10/Executing the Change •making a Case for digital
garnered responses from 1, 559 executives and managers in a wide range of industries. Their responses clearly
93%of employees feel that it is the right thing for the organization. But, a mere 36%of CEOS have shared such a vision
Previous research with executives by the MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting showed that many companies struggle to gain transformational effects from new digital technologies, but
perspectives as well as high-level ones, from staff to board member. See About the Research, p. 3.)It shows
that frontline corporate employees believe they face a strategic imperative to successfully adopt emerging new technologies.
executives at 450 large compa -nies, MIT Sloan Management Review and Capgemini Consulting conducted a broad
million in revenues, 10%work at mid-sized companies with between $250 million and $500
billion in sales, and 33%work at organizations with more than $1 billion in revenues, in
of functions, from CEO to staff The survey asked the respondents†views on a number of topics related to
Executives need to lead the process and make sure they†re managing and coordinating across the company.
Employees know that technology matters: a full 78%of respondents said achieving digi -tal transformation will become critical to their
Digirati companies have executives that share a strong vision for what new technologies bring in -vest in and manage digital technologies quickly
Almost half of employees think digital transfor -mation is upon us, and a third say it looms
our workers Improve internal communication Expand our reach to new customers and markets Launch new
workers are with the pace of digital transformation at their organizations. A third of C-level executives
and board members think the pace of change is about right, and another 10%think it is fast, or even
mere 22%of staff agree. Of these, product develop -ment staff are the most positive †just over 40%say
But employee skepticism can also impede pace †even when leadership is on board to promote digital
†fully 93%of employees agreed that digital trans -formation was the right thing right now for their
two-thirds of executives fail to articulate a vision for digital transformation? At least part of the reason
executives must decide what to transform first: Cus -tomer relationships? Internal operations? The business model? Any individual step requires mul
executives to reframe what they think about their business Wellpoint†s Lori Beer recalled that when she ran
Attitudes of older workers Responses to the sur -vey suggest a deep-rooted perception that older people will have trouble reframing.
executives and board members CEO /President /Managing Director Managers Staff Very fast Fast About right Slow Very slow
From your perspective how would you rate the pace of implementation of digital transformation in
Older executives and managers need to understand that their age can undermine faith in their ability and interest in leading digital
executive responded to the survey by saying â€oeour service offering is digital collaboration solutions, so
executives gathered for a strategy discussion led by stevenson and the head of human re -sources.
25 executives in the company buy in to the strategy. You have to admit that your compet
having clear structures makes it risky for workers to push for digital transformation Executing The Change
%Incentives One obvious way for executives to clear a path for digital transformation is to give employees incentives.
Bonuses, raise structures, promotions and performance reviews are some of the tools that compa -nies could use,
but don†t. For Beginners 61%of companies do not tie rewards to digital transformation efforts.
Better incentives might help ease employee concerns about digital transformation. One sur -vey respondent noted that â€oeat the operational level
employee morale. †metric systems more than half of companies fail to set key performance indicators to gauge digital transformation â€
a vision to articulate to the staff, create a road map and commit to it,
skunkworks, and invest in the ones that work. Cor -porate leadership needs to tweak its road map based
-ecutives and employees need clear rewards for making digital transformation a priority â€oethere are two wrong ways to approach (digital
The only wrong move for executives, then, would be not making any move MIT Sloan Management Review
-ful executives can capitalize on the opportunities generated by rapid organizational, technological and societal change
-cant disruptions and opportunities, our global team of over 3, 600 talented individuals work with leading
1. Employment †75%of the 20-64 year-olds to be employed 2. R&d †3%of the EU's GDP to be invested in Research & development
Employment rate (in%)70%63.9%(2013 R&d in%of GDP 2%0. 49%(2012 CO2 emission reduction targets-19%-50.46 (2011
Employment rate R&d Climate change and energy sustainability Fighting poverty and social exclusion Population to buy online
works, shares information engages citizens and delivers services to external and internal clients for the benefit
Employment rate Climate change and energy sustainability Fighting poverty and social exclusion Population to buy online
2. 3. Training staff involved in learning and management of ICT-assisted activity VI-Enhancing digital
Employment Fighting poverty and social exclusion R&d Population to buy online Population to buy online cross-border
%of staff costs related to IT services (from an overall budget for each entity Target: 5%by 2020
health promotion Ministry for Information Society (support health Target: 20%by 2020 Increase the level of the information
Promotion of the competitiveness clusters and of the employees†specialization in this field especially in the excellence centers:
Works Ministry for Information Society (responsible based on Appendix 5 Methodology #of subscribers to re -broadcasting services
Unemployment & Poverty Romania should enhance the quality of active labor market policies, employment information availability, enhance
social program efficiency to reduce the risk of poverty Field of action 1 Field of action 2
significantly lower than in other countries with a total number of employees of 128.000 in the field of ITC
The goal for 2020 is to reach 250.000 employees for Romania. While in recent years the ICT sector has
observed a slowdown in terms of development and employment, this figure takes into account the average growth of ICT employment in Romania (7%year on year growth) before the economic downturn
and projects it for the 2014 †2020 period as a target for future investments.
in order to improve the growth of the ICT employment by the Romanian Government for example the state aid scheme for creating a minimum number of jobs
employment Source: The Impact of ICT on Growth in Transition Economies, Marcin Piatkowski, Warsaw 2004
Overall growth in employment 1. 28 1. 28-1. 37-0. 52 0. 38 0. 34-2. 67-0. 53-0
works Increase involvement in R&d projects Full coverage activities: Improve legislation and promote innovation Strategic Initiatives
4. Work procedures for the development of egovernment solutions and for the management of subsequent egovernment activity
the major obstacles regarding the economic growth and employment egovernment Approach in Romania Public services and their efficiency are considered to have a significant impact on the economic and social
public services and promotion by implementation of online collaborative systems and participative online services Also, the experience of some countries more
procedures in the work and processes to determine provisions that could promote the use of electronic channels
Europol and staff training in fighting against cybercrime. The implementation, monitoring and interconnection between the European and national platforms will be achieved
how to use"social media",how to work Page 48 of 170 outside the office, send
ï Updating technical skills for the staff serving applications in different governmental organizations becomes a less efficient process due to heterogeneous and/or old technology, not complying
determining a technical work frame for the interoperability of governmental organizations. The concept of governmental Cloud approaches both issues combining a particular concept of a hybrid Cloud with an area
ï Necessary optimized of human resources ï flexible infrastructure adjusted to changes in the context of a faster launch of egovernment
redundancy for protection in case of disasters, protection to data loss etc. IT services which may be
customer, in their work, their decisions, research and implementation. The citizen should be considered the main source for feedback and solution improvement,
development and promotion by o Helping SME€ s to generate higher income by extending the activities in the entire EU on a
3. Collaboration †open data will provide opportunities to work together (improvement of service generation of data sets) with natural persons,
adult individuals so they may have the perspective of a work place and to develop an individual professional
consensus obtained pursuant to social dialogue The analysis of the PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) results in the national context
future human resources If the investment plan will focus on a balance between rural and urban areas, in the long term the quality of
facilitating their entry into the work environment Responsible: Ministry of Education with support from Ministry for
by a combination of employer and employee contributions to the National Health insurance Fund (NHIF and of direct allocations from the state budget
health promotion Enabler •Restrictive view to citizen information hampering welfare services •Population coverage by
•Low hospital staff productivity and lack of transparency and accountability •Lack of accurate data on
hospital staff, at the same time focusing on retention and motivation of workforce Strategic Benefits ï remove duplication of data
administrative staff ï remove redundant data of the system ï improve the process of healthcare delivery
one of Europe†s most dynamic sectors, accounting for 3. 3%of EU GDP and 3%of employment.
for 2020 involve measures directly connected to the preservation and the promotion of the European
Materialization and digitalization of cultural heritage (libraries, physical archives and audiovisual works museums) to facilitate access to the European level
ï Public libraries Provide a Path to Employment The Europe 2020 strategy to create smart, sustainable growth across the European union aims to secure
employment for three-quarters of citizens between the ages of 20 and 64 by 2020. With unemployment
hovering around 7%in Romania, public libraries are an invaluable resource to job seekers ï Internet access In public Libraries Supports Agriculture, Romania†s Primary Job Sector
Public libraries are actively helping the 70%of citizens in rural areas of Romania that are employed in the
e-Employment services can be extended to all ï Public libraries Connect Older Adults to New Skills and Communities
have to digitalize approximately 1000 cultural works/day in order to achieve the precise target Making the collections held by Europe's libraries, archives, museums and audiovisual archives available
national cultural works By designing all representative cultural creations in a wide digital universe, within an electronic
employment, education, health, information and communications, mobility, security, justice and culture designed to combat social exclusion based on criteria such as poverty, geographical location, disability and
growth and employment. It proposes formal and informal education for citizens to develop digital literacy in all levels of education. 8
In 2011,128, 000 employees were active in the ITC field, which stands for approximately 3%of the overall
In the case of the Romanian Digital Agenda the main lines of action are related to the promotion of
Promotion of innovative clusters and of the competitiveness poles for regional growth, to increase the
Promotion of innovative clusters and competitiveness poles for regional growth Promotion of the competitiveness clusters and of the employeesâ€
specialization in this field especially in the excellence centers: Bucharest Cluj, Iasi and Timisoara. Strategic Responsible:
ï Promotion of the competency transfer between partners and the support of a solid regulatory framework with respect
the ITC promotion The innovating union includes several partnerships for innovation which will deal with specific
engineering works. A major part of these costs can be attributed to inefficiencies in the rollout process related to the use of existing passive infrastructure (such as ducts, conduits, manholes, cabinets, poles
-ordination of civil works, burdensome administrative permit granting procedures, and bottlenecks concerning in-building deployment of networks
affect the freedom to provide services and justify Union intervention. Furthermore, based on Article 114 of the TFEU, the Union has legislated previously,
•The development of distance learning and the promotion of lifelong education: broadband communications will contribute to the implementation of the new learning methods
•Improving the transparency and coordination in the relevant civil works •Simplifying the authorization procedures for the new network developments
works, so that the construction of electronic communications networks, of infrastructure elements and of supporting infrastructure for electronic
Works. (Operational •Developing a system to inform the operators with regard to the civil works planned by local
authorities •The systematic possibility to mount pipes and related infrastructure together with the performance of public works
Average number of employees (thousands individuals) 128,0 131,2 Turnover of enterprises (mil. lei) 40113,3 37254,2
Staff costs (mil. lei) 6671,1 7065,1 Gross added value (mil. lei) 14320,3 15418,2 Gross operation excess (mil. lei) 5235,6 8353,1
42674 employees were conducting their activities in the R&d sector, roughly the same number registered
Employees in ICT In 2012,131. 200 of employees were active in the field of TIC, around 3%of the overall workforce.
The increased investments in broadband connections and infrastructure, as well as the investments in innovation of TIC products and services type e-commerce will have as direct implication the increase of
%Access to internet from workplace(%)10%11%12%N/A 14 %Access to internet from institutions of education(%)6%6%7%N/A 7
%ï The main segments of Internet users opposite to their occupational status are those of skilled/unskilled workers (20%),pupils/students (19%)and engineers, physicians, architects
professors and economists (15%.%The proportions are almost identical in case of users using fixed connections, whereas the Internet users using mobile connections come significantly as well from
Unemployment rate1, by groups of ages, sexes and environments %2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 6, 9 7, 3 7, 4 7, 0
Data calculated for people of work age (15 †64 years Source: Statistical research of work force in households (AMIGO
process for the promotion of the governmental initiatives within the online media The existence of certain problems with respect to the
ï Promotion of development of digital competencies at European union level among all the inhabitants of the country:
ï Preparation and promotion of the OER and Web 2. 0 instruments†usage for continuous training
The promotion of the rural tourism and of the social inclusion of the persons located in difficult accessible
The existence of specialised human resources The significant development of the ITC sector compared to the region
The mobility of the manpower towards other states, due to the attractive compensation systems and to the superior
employees Source: The Labour Inspection Purchasing a vehicle Registration of the vehicle 1. Obtaining a certificate of
authenticity from the Romanian Auto Register 2. Payment of registration fees and vehicle registration certificate to the
Employment Losing the job 1. The employment agencies are informed by the employers which intend to have certain
reorganizations 30 days before the notice of dismissal 2. Submitting a notice of dismissal by
the employer to the employees that are to be dismissed 3. The employment agencies support the newly unemployed in searching of
a job and placement on the available local positions Medium In 2012 ï 25.834 Romanians
became unemployed Source: National Agency for Employment Accidents at work and work incapacity 1. Notification submitted to the labor
protection department 2. Preparation of a Finding Report describing how the accident occurred 3. Requiring a declaration from the
injured person and witnesses 4. Diagnose the situation 4. 1 If the accident was due to the
fault of the employee, he/she shall High In 2012 ï 3, 686 people suffered an
accident at work, of which 215 have lost their lives compared to Page 143 of 170
employee's compensation procedures are initiated 2011, the number of accidents has dropped by 8 %Source: The Ministry
of Labour Retirement 1. Retirement at the age limit 1. 1 Application for Retirement 1. 2 Submission of documents proving
the fulfilment of the full seniority required for retirement 1. 3 Issue of the retirement decision
2. Early retirement 2. 1 Application for Retirement 2. 2 Submission of documents attesting to the amount of work
placements 2. 3 Submission of documents for the infirmity that causes early retirement request High ï 234,000
retirees between January 2011 -January 2013 ï 5. 4 million retirees registered until Dec 2013
4. 1 In case of promotion, the high school graduation diploma is submitted in original at the faculty
Digital Agenda Scoreboard 2013-Commission Staff Working Document, Brussels June 2013 Page 149 of 170
UNIFORM VISION IMPLEMENTATION AND PROMOTION FOR ALL PUBLIC ENTITIES AND PROJECTS TIMELINE: MID 2015 ï Creating the Government Enterprise Architecture capabilities within the Ministries-empowering
Ministry of Labour Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education Special Telecommunications Service Ministry of Health Ministry of Transport
Intermediary body for Information Society Promotion Competition Council National Registrar of Companies Ministry of Justice
Romanian Association of Consultants on Accessing European Funds Romanian Association for the Software and Electronics
%of staff costs related to IT services from an overall budget for each entity direct direct direct indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect indirect
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